Tribal phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data (original) (raw)
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Identifying the confounding factors in resolving phylogenetic relationships in Vespertilionidae
Journal of Mammalogy, 2010
Resolving phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilionidae has been difficult, with large data sets (.100 taxa, .7 kilobases) resolving portions of the phylogeny but leaving intertribal relationships within the Vespertilioninae unresolved. As a result the evolutionary history of the most speciose chiropteran family is largely unknown. The presence of short internodes followed by long terminal branches relative to other chiropteran phylogenies suggests that evolutionary rates of DNA substitution and lineage diversification could be inhibiting phylogenetic resolution. To test this hypothesis we obtained sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 12s rRNA, tRNA VAL , and 16s rRNA, and the nuclear exon RAG2, resulting in more than 3 kilobases of digenomic DNA sequence data for representatives of all subfamilies and tribes within Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae, a family of bats that radiated at approximately the same time as Vespertilionidae. Analyses revealed that substitution rates for Vespertilionidae were significantly higher than those for Phyllostomidae, with the majority of fast-evolving lineages found within Vespertilioninae. Cladogenesis analyses characterized the vespertilionid radiation as compressed toward the root, with a rapid initial diversification, but the phyllostomid diversification was much more gradual. We suggest that ecological differences between tropical and temperate environments could have influenced diversification rates for Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae.
Phylogenetic position of the giant house bat Scotophilus nigrita (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)
Mammalia, 2015
The giant house bat Scotophilus nigrita, one of the largest vespertilioniform bat species in the world, is a poorly known taxon, especially with respect to its phylogenetic relationships to congeneric species. Its phylogenetic position was thus assessed by analysing DNA sequences of single mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b, S. nigrita was found to be paraphyletic with respect to continental African species S. colias, S. dinganii, S. nigritellus and S. viridis. Analysis of sequences of the nuclear zinc finger protein gene on the Y chromosome corroborated the general pattern of the cytochrome b phylogeny, although phylogenetic relationships were poorly resolved. These results clearly contradict the published data on S. nigrita from Kenya for both markers, rendering the hypothesis of historical hybridization with S. colias implausible and questioning the taxonomic affiliation of the particular Kenyan sequence. A deep split in the cytochrome b phylogeny between S. nigrita from West and Southern Africa reached sequence divergence values of 7.6% to 8.1%, a finding that supports taxonomic elevation of the two currently recognized subspecies into separate species S. nigrita and S. alvenslebeni.
American Museum of Natural History …, 1992
Using standard phylogenetic techniques, 25 transformation series of morphological characters and 11 of karyological characters are evaluated in an attempt to recover the phylogenetic history of plecotine vespertilionid bats. Plecotini contains four genera in the topology (Euderma (Barbastella (Plecotus Corynorhinus))). The Plecotini of Hill and Harrison (1987), including Rhogeessa, Baeodon, Nycticeius, and Otonycteris, is rejected because this view is based solely on subjective evaluations ofbacular overall similarity, and is clearly in disagreement with other lines of evidence from anatomy and karyology. Idionycteris is synonymized with Euderma because L phyllotis and E. maculatum are sister species. Corynorhinus is removed from the synonymy of Plecotus. The relationships within Corynorhinus and Plecotus are not resolved.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2004
The complete mitochondrial ND2 gene (1037 bp) was sequenced to examine relationships within the bent-wing bat complex, Miniopterus schreibersii (Family Vespertilionidae). It was found that M. schreibersii is a paraphyletic assemblage comprising several species. Two major lineages were identified, one of which was restricted to the Palearctic-Ethiopian regions and the other to the Oriental-Australasian regions. This pattern of differentiation was mirrored by the genus as a whole. Speciation and differentiation within the genus Miniopterus appears to have a hierarchical geographical pattern. The earliest divergence corresponds to the Ethiopian-Palearctic and the Oriental-Australasian biogeographical zones. This early divergence is then followed by radiations within each of the Ethiopian, Oriental and Australasian regions. The study also revealed that the number of species currently recognized (11 or 13) is a gross underestimate of the number of actual species. The emerging picture is one of a relatively speciose genus with most species having relatively restricted distributions; few, if any, occur in more than one biogeographical region.
Zoologica Scripta, 2013
Integrative taxonomy aims to document biodiversity by incorporating all useful characters to increase confidence in hypotheses about phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we combine data obtained independently from morphology, two maternally inherited mtDNA genes and two biparentally inherited nuDNA genes to make phylogenetic and taxonomic hypotheses about the Palaearctic members of the bat genus Eptesicus (Vespertilionidae). This genus is distributed worldwide (except for Antarctica) and is highly diversified, presenting one of the most entangled taxonomic puzzles among all mammals. Our results support restoring the genus Rhyneptesicus and separating E. isabellinus and E. pachyomus from E. serotinus and E. ognevi and E. anatolicus from E. bottae. Differences in the phylogenetic hypotheses from mtDNA and nuDNA data suggest the occurrence within E. serotinus of evolutionary processes such as mtDNA capture and secondary contacts between partially differentiated ecomorphs. These two evolutionary processes deserve more in-depth studies within the group.
Zootaxa, 2020
Insular bats are among the most vulnerable mammal species whose survival are threatened by several human-mediated factors, frequently paralleled by the paucity of information and lack of adequate management plans. Pipistrellus sturdeei is known only by the holotype collected from the remote Bonin Islands more than a hundred years ago and is declared to be extinct by the Japanese authorities. However, its taxonomic validity and collection locality is regarded ambiguous by some scholars. Here we report details about its collection circumstances and provide evidence that it morphologically differs from all other pipistrelles. We would like to raise attention on the species and the importance of a detailed study on its possible survival.
Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology, 2001
Detailed karyotype descriptions of 20 Pipistrellus-like bat species belonging to the family Vespertilionidae are presented. For the first time, chromosomal complements of four species, i.e. Pipistrellus stenopterus (2n = 32), P. javanicus (2n = 34), Hypsugo eisentrauti (2n = 42) and H. crassulus (2n = 30) are reported. A Pipistrellus kuhlii-like species from Madagascar represents a separate species distinguished from the European Pipistrellus kuhlii (2n = 44) by a diploid chromosome number of 42. Banded karyotypes are presented for the first time for Scotozous dormeri, Hypsugo capensis, Hesperoptenus blanfordi, Tylonycteris pachypus and robustula. Chromosomal evolution in the family Vespertilionidae is characterized by the conservation of entire chromosomal arms and reductions in diploid chromosome number via Robertsonian fusions. Less frequently, centric fissions, para- and pericentric inversions and centromere shifts were found to have occurred. In several cases a certain type of ...
2006
GTG-banded karyotypes are presented for Scotoecus hirundo (2n=30; FN=50), Rhogeessa alleni (2n=30; FN=50), Scotophilus kuhlii (2n=36; FN=48) and Scotophilus leucogaster (2n=36; FN=50). These three genera belong to the family Vespertilionidae and have previously been placed into the tribe "Nycticeiini" (Tate 1942). Karyological analysis, however, points to a close relationship of Scotoecus hirundo to the tribes Pipistrellini and Vespertilionini (sensu Volleth and Heller 1994). Rhogeessa (Baeodon) alleni, a member of the karyologically diverse genus Rhogeessa, has two fusion chromosomes in common with the genus Plecotus. Together with morphological (Hill and Harrison 1987) and molecular-genetic results (Hoofer and Van Den Bussche 2003), chromosome analysis suggests a closer relationship of Plecotini and Rhogeessa. The two species examined of the genus Scotophilus show differences only in two small autosomal pairs and the Y chromosome. Chromosomal data did not reveal closer relationships of this genus to any other vespertilionid tribe.
Lynx new series
The Geoffroy’s bat, Myotis emarginatus, is the only species distributed in the Palaearctic belonging to the African clade of the genus Myotis. It occurs extensively across several ecologic zones of Europe, north-western Africa, and western and central Asia, and hence it was considered to be a polytypic species. Only one subspecies was reported from Europe and North Africa, up to four subspecies were recognised in Asia. However, the validity of particular taxa as well as the systematic positions of different populations remained ambiguous. Here we present a revision of the intraspecific phylogenetic structure of M. emarginatus based on combination of the available results of a molecular genetic analysis with the results of a thorough morphologic examination of an extensive specimen set from almost the whole range of its distribution. The previously described geographic variability in the mitochondrial markers demonstrated grouping of haplotypes of M. emarginatus into three main linea...
A phylogenetic supertree of the bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Biological Reviews, 2002
We present the first estimate of the phylogenetic relationships among all 916 extant and nine recently extinct species of bats (Mammalia : Chiroptera), a group that accounts for almost one-quarter of extant mammalian diversity. This phylogeny was derived by combining 105 estimates of bat phylogenetic relationships published since 1970 using the supertree construction technique of Matrix Representation with Parsimony (MRP). Despite the explosive growth in the number of phylogenetic studies of bats since 1990, phylogenetic relationships in the order have been studied non-randomly. For example, over one-third of all bat systematic studies to date have focused on relationships within Phyllostomidae, whereas relationships within clades such as Kerivoulinae and Murinae have never been studied using cladistic methods. Resolution in the supertree similarly differs among clades : overall resolution is poor (46.4 % of a fully bifurcating solution) but reaches 100 % in some groups (e.g. relationships within Mormoopidae). The supertree analysis does not support a recent proposal that Microchiroptera is paraphyletic with respect to Megachiroptera, as the majority of source topologies support microbat monophyly. Although it is not a substitute for comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of primary molecular and morphological data, the bat supertree provides a useful tool for future phylogenetic comparative and macroevolutionary studies. Additionally, it identifies clades that have been little studied, highlights groups within which relationships are controversial, and like all phylogenetic studies, provides preliminary hypotheses that can form starting points for future phylogenetic studies of bats.