Semantically rich 3D documentation for the preservation of tangible heritage (original) (raw)
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Supporting Multiple Perspectives on 3D Museum Artefacts through Interoperable Annotations
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2010
Increasing numbers of museums and cultural institutions are using 3D laser scanning techniques to preserve cultural artefacts as 3D digital models, that are then accessible to curators, scholars and the general public via Web interfaces to online galleries. Museums are finding the cost of providing metadata for such collections prohibitive and are keen to explore how they might exploit Web 2.0 social tagging and annotation services to capture community knowledge and enrich the contextual metadata associated with their collections. Although there exist some annotation services for 3D objects, they are designed for specific disciplines, not Web-based or depend on proprietary software and formats. The majority also only support the attachment of annotations to whole objects-not points, 3D surface regions or 3D segments. This paper describes the 3DSA (3D Semantic Annotation) system developed at the University of Queensland that enables users to attach annotations to 3D digital artefacts. The 3DSA system is based on a common interoperable annotation model (the Open Annotations Collaboration (OAC) model) and uses ontology-based tags to support further semantic annotation and reasoning. This common approach enables annotations to be re-used, migrated and shared-across annotation clients and across different 3D and 2.5D digital representations of the one cultural artifact. Such interoperability is essential if cultural institutions are to easily harness knowledge from a broad range of users, including curators, students and remote Indigenous communities, with different client capabilities.
Assessing the Value of Semantic Annotation Services for 3D Museum Artefacts
Increasing numbers of museums and cultural institutions are using 3D scanning techniques to preserve cultural artefacts as 3D digital models and to provide curators, scholars and the general public with a richer experience when accessing online exhibitions. However there are a number of challenges associated with the development, maintenance and curation of 3D digital collections. In particular, museums are keen to explore how they might exploit Web 2.0 social tagging services to harness community effort and knowledge. Existing 3D tagging services are limited in that they are designed for specific disciplines, are not Web-based and depend on proprietary software and formats. The majority also only support the attachment of tags/annotations to whole objects-not points, 3D surface regions or 3D segments. To fill this gap, we have developed the 3DSA (3D Semantic Annotation) system that enables users to attach tags and annotations to points, surface regions or segments of 3D digital artefacts. Moreover, by basing the 3DSA system on the Open Annotation Collaboration (OAC) data model, we enable annotations to be re-used, exchanged and shared as Linked Data-across annotation clients and across different 3D and 2.5D digital representations of a single artefact. In addition, the provision of ontology-based tags facilitates further semantic annotation and reasoning across digital heritage collections. This paper describes the design and functionality of the 3DSA system and evaluates it in terms of its flexibility, extensibility, interoperability and usability by audiences with wide-ranging IT skills, computer capabilities and network speeds. 1. Objectives Advances in 3D data acquisition, processing and visualization technologies are providing museums and cultural institutions with new methods for preserving cultural heritage and making it more accessible to scholars, traditional owners and the public, via online search interfaces. Increasing numbers of museums are using 3D laser scanning techniques to overcome the limitations of 2D representations and to improve access to high quality surrogates of fragile and valuable artefacts via the Internet
An ontology for 3D cultural objects
… Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology …, 2006
3D cultural objects are digital 3D replicas of objects having a cultural value, as models of artefacts, reconstructions of buildings, sites and landscapes. As such, they have a twofold nature, and inherit properties both from their digital nature, like the shape and texture, and from the cultural content, for instance to be used for scholarly purposes or communication to the public. In some cases, one of the natures prevails on the other. This may be the case because the object is being processed, e.g. visualized on a computer, or scrutinized by heritage scholars for review. In a few others, it is unfortunately the user's narrow-minded attitude that leads to take into account only one nature of such an object and neglect the other. It is therefore necessary to explore a way of documenting 3D cultural objects that keeps together all the relevant information, both the cultural and the digital one. In this paper we propose an ontology for such complex objects that owns the following important properties: i) it is sufficiently general to encompass very different artefacts, from pottery sherds to historical landscapes; ii) it fully complies with international standards for heritage, in this case CIDOC-CRM, of which it can be shown to be a specialization/extension; iii) it is sufficiently simple to be used and understood by heritage practitioners and professionals with moderate computer skills, and documents items in a plain, human readable and understandable way; iv) items documented as instances of this ontology can be efficiently processed for the most frequent purposes, as computer visualization, retrieval of cultural information or storage in a database; v) it is ready for compliance with other important requirements, as for instance the proposed charter on credibility known as London Charter.
METADATA AND TOOLS FOR INTEGRATION AND PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE 3D INFORMATION
In this paper we investigate many of the various storage, portability and interoperability issues arising among archaeologists and cultural heritage people when dealing with 3D technologies. On the one side, the available digital repositories look often unable to guarantee affordable features in the management of 3D models and their metadata; on the other side the nature of most of the available data format for 3D encoding seem to be not satisfactory for the necessary portability required nowadays by 3D information across different systems. We propose a set of possible solutions to show how integration can be achieved through the use of well known and wide accepted standards for data encoding and data storage. Using a set of 3D models acquired during various archaeological campaigns and a number of open source tools, we have implemented a straightforward encoding process to generate meaningful semantic data and metadata. We will also present the interoperability process carried out to integrate the encoded 3D models and the geographic features produced by the archaeologists. Finally we will report the preliminary (rather encouraging) development of a semantic enabled and persistent digital repository, where 3D models (but also any kind of digital data and metadata) can easily be stored, retrieved and shared with the content of other digital archives.
Ontological Entities for Planning and Describing Cultural Heritage 3D Models Creation
ArXiv, 2021
In the last decades the rapid development of technologies and methodologies in the eld of digitization and 3D modelling has led to an increasing proliferation of 3D technologies in the Cultural Heritage domain. Despite the great potential of 3D digital heritage, the "special eects" of 3D may often overwhelm its importance in research. Projects and consortia of scholars have tried to put order in the dierent elds of application of these technologies, providing guidelines and proposing workows. The use of computer graphics as an eective methodology for CH research and communication highlighted the need of transparent provenance data to properly document digital assets and understand the degree of scientic quality and reliability of their outcomes. The building and release of provenance knowledge, consisting in the complete formal documentation of each phase of the process, is therefore of fundamental importance to ensure its repeatability and to guarantee the integration and...
CARARE 2.0: a metadata schema for 3D Cultural Objects
Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage), 2013
One of the features of the digital data is that they cannot be understood without information about their meaning and the ways they have been created. 3D ICONS, a project funded by the European Commission, has brought together partners expert in 3D digitization of the archaeological and architectural heritage to contribute content to Europeana. The project has had as one of its main objectives the quality control of 3D data and establishing a metadata schema to support the provenance and paradata required for quality assurance of 3D models. This paper describes provenance in the CRM dig schema, the paradata principles of the London Charter and how provenance and paradata could be relevant for the new strategy of Europeana. The schema, which builds on earlier work in the CARARE project, aims to foster the adoption of a clearer approach to describing the features of cultural object, the techniques and the methodologies chosen for the digitization and the motivation behind the creation of a digital object. Complete knowledge of the digital resource allows for more efficient reuse and increased usability of the resources on-line.
3D Documentation and Semantic Aware Representation of Cultural Heritage: the INCEPTION Project
2016
As part of 3D integrated survey applied to Cultural Heritage, digital documentation is gradually emerging as effective support of many different information in addition to the shape, morphology and dimensional data. The implementation of data collection processes and the development of semantically enriched 3D models is an effective way to enhance the dialogue between ICT technologies, different Cultural Heritage experts, users and different disciplines, both social and technical. The possibility to achieve interoperable models able to enrich the interdisciplinary knowledge of European cultural identity is one of the main outcome of the European Project "INCEPTION - Inclusive Cultural Heritage in Europe through 3D semantic modelling", funded by EC within the Programme Horizon 2020. The project ranges from the documentation and diagnostic strategies for heritage protection, management and enhancement, to the 3D acquisition technologies. The development of hardware, software...
Metadata schema and ontology for capturing and processing of 3D cultural heritage objects
Heritage Science, 2021
Motivated by the increased use of 3D acquisition of objects by cultural heritage institutions, we were investigating ontologies and metadata schemes for the acquisition process to provide details about the 3D capturing, which can be combined with preexisting ontologies describing an object. Therefore we divided the 3D capturing workflow into common steps starting with the object being placed in front of a 3D scanner to preparation and publication of the 3D datasets and/or derived images. While the proposed ontology is well defined on a coarse level of detail for very different techniques, e.g. Stucture from Motion and LiDAR we elaborated the metadata scheme in very fine detail for 3D scanners available at our institutions. This includes practical experiments with measurement data from past and current projects including datasets published at Zenodo as guiding examples and the source code for their computation. Additionally, the free and Open Source GigaMesh Software Framework’s ana...
VIRTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY (Methods and benefits), 2015
The paper presents the challenges in the research field of computer based 3D reconstruction of lost and/or not realized art and architecture. The increasing amount of 3D documentation and 3D reconstruction projects (3D data sets) on the one hand, and still not solved problems of e-documentation and long-term preservation of the knowledge „within and around“ the 3D models on the other hand request enforced efforts in the interdisciplinary field of Spatial Humanities and Virtual Archeology. The presentation brings insight into a complex discipline and introduces new approaches in data acquisition, geometry modeling, semantic data modeling (domain ontology), preservation (RDF-Triple-Store) and visualization (WebGL-Technology) of the knowledge models.