Hippocampal atrophy is related to impaired memory, but not frontal functions in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients (original) (raw)
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Impaired cognitive performance and hippocampal atrophy in Parkinson disease
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2015
Background/aim: Dementia is common in Parkinson disease (PD). Since magnetic resonance imaging has been used, hippocampal atrophy has been shown in PD patients with or without dementia. In this study we sought the correlation of cognitive decline with bilateral hippocampal volume in PD patients. Materials and methods: Thirty-three patients with diagnosis of idiopathic PD and 16 healthy subjects were included in this study. PD patients were divided into two groups as normal cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The Mini-Mental State Examination and detailed cognitive assessment tests were performed for all patients for cognitive analyses. Depression was excluded by the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: The mean onset age of disease was 55 years for PD patients without dementia and 59 for PD patients with MCI. According to the Hoehn-Yahr scales, 24% of patients had grade 1, 58% had grade 2, and 18% had grade 3 disease. Right and left hippocampal volumes decreased along with cognitive test scores in PD patients. Increased right hippocampal volume was correlated with forward number test in the MCI-PD group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that memory deficit is associated with hippocampal atrophy in PD patients.
Parkinsonism & Related …, 2009
Frontal lobe dysfunction and other cognitive deficits have been described in Parkinson's disease (PD), which may lead to dementia. Both striatal dopaminergic deficiency and regional or global brain volume loss have been suggested to contribute to cognitive decline in PD. We therefore performed a neuropsychological evaluation, structural brain MRI and Fdopa PET in patients with PD and healthy elderly volunteers. PD patients had impaired cognitive performance in many neuropsychological tests compared to controls, not limited just to frontal lobe function tests. Caudate Fdopa correlated positively with performance in verbal (immediate and delayed) and visual memory. Patients with PD showed atrophy in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex and hippocampal atrophy was related to impaired memory. Our findings suggest that striatal dopaminergic depletion and global brain volume loss contribute to cognitive impairment in non-demented PD patients, but dysfunction of extra-striatal dopaminergic or non-dopaminergic systems probably plays a role especially in more generalized cognitive impairment.
Memory Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 2006
The purpose of this study was to investigate deficits in recognition, recall, and prospective memory among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and to ascertain whether task difficulty and disease severity moderate these deficits. Comparisons were made between 41 nondemented PD participants, divided into early-stage and advancedstage groups, and 41 matched controls. PD participants exhibited deficits in recognition, recall, and prospective memory. The advanced-stage PD group produced greater deficits than the early-stage PD group in all tasks, suggesting that these deficits increase in step with overall disease severity. The results of the task difficulty manipulation provide a partial explanation for the inconsistencies in the literature concerning the existence of recognition memory deficits in PD.
Cerebral atrophy and its relation to cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease
Neurology, 2005
Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare the amounts of gray matter in the brains of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and normal control subjects (NCs) and to identify the specific regions responsible for cognitive dysfunction in PD. Methods: Patients were classified into nondemented (ND) and demented (D) groups according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.), and a group comparison was performed. In the ND patients, a correlation was also performed between local gray matter density and the score on Raven Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM), a test of executive and visuospatial function. Results: In patients with advanced ND-PD vs NCs, atrophic changes were observed in the limbic/paralimbic areas and the prefrontal cortex. In D vs ND patients, atrophic change was observed widely in the limbic/paralimbic system, including the anterior cingulate gyrus and hippocampus as well as the temporal lobe, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and caudate nucleus. The RCPM score was positively correlated with the gray matter density in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. Conclusions: In patients with Parkinson disease (PD), atrophic changes occur mainly in the limbic/paralimbic and prefrontal areas. These atrophic changes may be related to the development of dementia in PD.
NeuroImage. Clinical, 2017
Hippocampal atrophy has been associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, literature on how hippocampal atrophy affects the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in PD has been limited. Previous studies assessed the hippocampus as an entire entity instead of their individual subregions. We studied the progression of cognitive status in PD subjects over 18 in relation to hippocampal subfields atrophy. 65 PD subjects were included. Using the MDS task force criteria, PD subjects were classified as either having no cognitive impairment (PD-NCI) or PD-MCI. We extended the study by investigating the hippocampal subfields atrophy patterns in those who converted from PD-NCI to PD-MCI (PD-converters) compared to those who remained cognitively stable (PD-stable) over 18 months. Freesurfer 6.0 was used to perform the automated segmentation of the hippocampus into thirteen subregions. PD-MCI showed lower baseline volumes in the left fimbria, right ...
A review article in Cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s Disease
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, progressive, disabling, neurodegenerative disorder, that apart from well-known motor symptoms, reveals a wide spectrum of non-motor features, that are now widely accepted as part of the clinical aspect, and cognitive decline is a very important part of these non-motor presentations. The diagnosis of cognitive decline in PD can be extremely challenging, remaining largely based on clinical and cognitive assessments. Expert work groups have issued diagnostic criteria and methods for PD dementia and cognitive impairment. This manuscript has gathered relevant data in order to obtain an updated review regarding cognitive deficit in PD, from mild stages to dementia. This article has summarized clinical features, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic issues of cognitive decline in PD.
Memory and learning in early Parkinson's disease: Evidence for a “frontal lobe syndrome”
Brain and Cognition, 1990
Fifteen untreated patients in the earliest stages of Parkinson's disease were compared to fifteen age-and intellectually matched control subjects on a number of memory tasks assessing short-and long-term recall of both meaningful and unrelated material, semantic relations in the organization of memory, priming, and source forgetting, and the ability to form new stimulus-response associations under conditions of maximal task interference. While patients demonstrated considerable evidence of preserved function, impaired performance on a subgroup of tasks was consistent with selective frontostriatai system involvement. These findings are discussed with reference to the underlying pathological processes in Parkinson's disease. Q 1990 Academic press, k.
Hippocampal, caudate, and ventricular changes in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia
Movement Disorders, 2010
Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with mild cognitive impairment (PDMCI) and with dementia (PDD). Using radial distance mapping, we studied the 3D structural and volumetric differences between the hippocampi, caudates, and lateral ventricles in 20 cognitively normal elderly (NC), 12 cognitively normal PD (PDND), 8 PDMCI, and 15 PDD subjects and examined the associations between these structures and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III:motor subscale and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance. There were no hippocampal differences between the groups. 3D caudate statistical maps demonstrated significant left medial and lateral and right medial atrophy in the PDD vs. NC, and right medial and lateral caudate atrophy in PDD vs. PDND. PDMCI showed trend-level significant left lateral caudate atrophy vs. NC. Both left and right ventricles were significantly larger in PDD relative to the NC and PDND with posterior (body/occipital horn) predominance. The magnitude of regionally significant between-group differences in radial distance ranged between 20-30% for caudate and 5-20% for ventricles. UPDRS Part III:motor subscale score correlated with ventricular
Neurobiology of Aging, 2008
The hippocampus (HC) and amygdala (AG) decrease in volume with age and in Parkinson's disease (PD) with (PDD) and without dementia. We compared 44 PD to 44 age, sex and education-matched subjects without PD (non-PD) and 13 PDD subjects. T1-weighted MR images were used to manually segment the head, body and tail of the HC and the AG. HC volumes, corrected to intracranial volume, were smaller in PDD than non-PD (p = 0.04), reflected predominantly by head atrophy. Right AG volumes were smaller in PD compared to non-PD (p = 0.03). HC volumes in older (>70), but not younger, non-demented PD differed from non-PD (HC, p = 0.02; head, p = 0.03). Age correlated negatively with overall HC (r = −0.43, p = 0.004) and head (r = −0.48, p = 0.001) in PD, but not in non-PD. In PD, left HC head volumes correlated with recall, but not recognition scores on the CVLT-II (r = 0.35, p = 0.02) and BVMT-R (r = 0.35, p = 0.02); AG volumes correlated with CVLT-II recall (r = 0.35, p = 0.02). No correlations were found in non-PD (p > 0.4). In conclusion, functionally meaningful age-associated hippocampal and amygdala atrophy occurs in PD.
Cognition in Parkinson's disease
Croatian medical journal, 2004
AIM Studies of accentuated drop in cognitive functioning of Parkinson's disease patients mostly use global intelligence measures that have a masking effect on differential drop in specific cognitive abilities. The goal of this study was to investigate the possible differential drop in different types of cognitive tasks. Applied tests tapped fluid and crystallized intelligence, memory, and metacognition. METHOD A sample of 116 participants participated in the study. Half of the participants were diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (average duration of disease 6.5 years) and control group participants equaled them in age, sex, and education level. All participants were tested using Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM), Crichton Vocabulary Scale (CVS), memory subtests from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS DS-F, WAIS DS-B), and Mini-mental Status Examination (MMSE). Participants, and in the case of clinical group their caregivers as well, were asked questions con...