AUTOMATED UPDATING AND MAINTENANCE OF 3D CITY MODELS (original) (raw)
Related papers
Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 2009
Abstr act: Visual Information Systems for urban planning can be produced in a variety of ways. In this paper we give an account of research into integrating scanned data with urban data sets to produce 3D applications that span built environment spatial scales from building elements to the whole city. In our research, 3D laser scanner is used to capture 3D building models as a way of developing visual 3D presentations. In order to use 3D building models for urban environment, relevant standards are reviewed and the integration of 3D building models with urban scaled geo-spatial data are explored. In the recent EU-funded IntelCities (2004)(2005) and Virtual Environment Planning System (VEPS, 2004(VEPS, -2008 research projects, the authors have worked on capturing an existing building in digital form and using 3D data in building refurbishment projects and visualisation of urban environment in planning consultation. The paper introduces the ways of producing 3D applications using integrated data from 3D scanning with geo-spatial datasets. The
Towards a collaborative and interoperable 3D Building database – A case study in Walloon region
Usage, Usability, and Utility of 3D City Models – European COST Action TU0801, 2012
Three dimensional (3D) city models have many uses including city walk-throughs or fly-throughs to show what a new building would look like in situ, or whether a view or light will be blocked by a new structure, flood and signal modelling. Often, these models are created using a process of extrusion of detailed 2D topographic mapping. The resulting 3D datasets contain many thousands of polyhedra, which in turn results in performance issues when attempting to visualize such models in Google Earth. To address this issue we first generalise the 2D dataset (using simplification and aggregation) and then extrude the generalised 2D maps to 3D, comparing the rendering performance and visual aspects of the resulting datasets. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A Unified Building Model for 3D Urban GIS
Several tasks in urban and architectural design are today undertaken in a geospatial context. Building Information Models (BIM) and geospatial technologies offer 3D data models that provide information about buildings and the surrounding environment. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and CityGML are today the two most prominent semantic models for representation of BIM and geospatial models respectively. CityGML has emerged as a standard for modeling city models while IFC has been developed as a reference model for building objects and sites. Current CAD and geospatial software provide tools that allow the conversion of information from one format to the other. These tools are however fairly limited in their capabilities, often resulting in data and information losses in the transformations. This paper describes a new approach for data integration based on a unified building model (UBM) which encapsulates both the CityGML and IFC models, thus avoiding translations between the mo...
Smart city: automatic reconstruction of 3D building models to support urban development and planning
MATEC Web of Conferences
The spread of smart city technologies dictates the need to develop new methods in the field of urban planning and design. The article devotes to the question how to find new approaches to make digital urban project according to the BIMtechnology. We analyze the opportunities of automated design technology BuildingReconstruction 2018 that allows constructing 3D models of landscapes, urban territories and infrastructure objects. Their distinctive feature is their high accuracy of details. We consider methods and tools for creating such models. There is the description of a 3d-model and composing information layers. On the base of the analysis of the model–s capabilities, we offer various directions how to use them for solving urban planning problems addressed to the examples of their existing implementation.
Modeling 3D Scanned Data to Visualize the Built Environment
Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV'05), 2005
Capturing and modeling 3D information of the built environment is a big challenge. A number of techniques and technologies are now in use. These include EDM, GPS and photogrammetric application and also remote sensing applications. In this paper, we discussed 3D laser scanning technology, which can acquire high density point data in a accurate, fast way. Therefore, it can provide benefits for refurbishment process in the built environment.
Towards fully automated 3D city model generation
Three-dimensional city models are usually comprised of a description of the terrain, streets, buildings and vegetation in build-up areas. Building models are an important part thereof, even though it has to be noted that for many applications, additional information is necessary. For example, a faithful representation for virtual reality applications can only be obtained when the texture of the ground, roofs and façades is present and important details like trees, walkways and fences are present .
Interactive 3D reconstruction for urban areas
Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2001, 2001
Urban applications (for example arrangement, new buildings, virtual sightseeing and walkthrough) require a three dimensional (3D) geometrical model of town areas. However, most of them do not need an accurate model of reality. Such model would occupy a considerable memory space and would be too slow to handle. Architects, urban designers and civil engineers can find in our tool a medium to conceive their projects. Some types of software exist but they do not correspond exactly to our needs. Consequently we have conceived and developed an interactive tool for virtual 3D rough reconstruction of buildings. The software development has been performed in the Maya environment (ALIAS Wavefront) with C++ language and MEL (Maya Embedded Language). A constraint we set for ourselves was the use of only light devices (for easy transportation) at low price (everybody can buy such devices). The principle is to overlay on the scanned photograph of the area we want to deal with, the two dimensional (2D) cadastral plan displayed from the same viewpoint as the picture. Then each building body can be extruded from its ground polygon and the roof can be created from what the user sees on the picture. A constraint is the flatness of the polygonal surfaces. Our application context was the town of Nancy in France for which some areas have been reconstructed. Some pictures have been used as textures for polygonal surfaces, giving more reality effect to the simulation.
Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards, 2018
Over the last decade, more and more cities and even countries worldwide are creating semantic 3D city models of their physical environment based on the international CityGML standard issued by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). CityGML is an open data model and XML-based data exchange format describing the most relevant urban and landscape objects along with their spatial and non-spatial attributes, relations, and their complex hierarchical structures in five levels of detail. 3D city models, which are structured according to CityGML, are often used for various complex GIS simulation and analysis tasks, which go far beyond pure 3D visualization. Due to the large size and complexity of the sometimes country-wide 3D geospatial data, the GIS software vendors and service providers face many challenges when building 3D spatial data infrastructures for realizing the efficient storage, analysis, management, interaction, and visualization of the 3D city models based on the CityGML standard. Hence, there has been strong demand for an open and comprehensive software solution that can provide full support of the aforementioned functionalities. The '3D City Database' (3DCityDB) is a free 3D geo-database solution for CityGMLbased 3D city models. 3DCityDB has been developed as an Open Source and platform-independent software suite to facilitate the development and deployment of 3D city model applications. The 3DCityDB software package consists of a database schema for spatially enhanced relational database management systems (ORACLE Spatial or PostgreSQL/PostGIS) with a set of database procedures and software tools allowing to import, manage, analyze, visualize, and export virtual 3D city models according to the CityGML standard. Within this paper, the software suite is illustrated and explained in detail with respect to the related technical implementations and the underlying conceptual software design. Moreover, the utilization of 3DCityDB in different projects and practical application fields are also presented in this paper.
From GIS to BIM and back again–A Spatial Query Language for 3D building models and 3D city models
XXXVIII-4, 2010
The article presents the development of Spatial Query Language for 3D building and 3D city models. Inspired by the achievements of the GIS community in developing spatial query functionality for 2D space, the author adopted these concepts and applied them on geometric objects in 3D space. The developed query language provides metric (closerThan, fartherThan, etc.), directional (above, below, northOf, etc.) and topological operators (touch, within, contain, etc.) for use in SQL statements. The operators have been implemented by algorithms which are based on the hierarchical space-partitioning data structure octree. The octree allows for the application of recursive algorithms that successively increase the discrete resolution of the spatial objects employed and thereby enables the user to trade off between computational effort and the required accuracy. Additionally, a fuzzy handling of spatial relationships becomes possible. The article describes the available spatial operators and the algorithms developed to implement them.
Towards unified 3D city models
… , Integration and Visualization II. Proc. of …, 2003
An increasing number of municipalities decide nowadays to build up 3D city models. Often the main purpose of such a model is to support urban planning processes. However, in most cases this support currently is restricted to the visualization of virtual scenes. The first reason is that there are still no commercial 3D geoinformation systems available. Thus, city models typically are implemented on top of CAD systems or visualization software which all offer only limited modeling capabilities. The second reason is that there does not exist a standard for 3D city models yet. Only few investigations about multifunctional and multiscale modeling, storage and analysis have been carried out so far. In this paper we propose a unified model for the representation of spatial objects in 3D city and regional models. It constitutes a base schema providing patterns for application specific 3D models. It is shown how real world objects are represented by features with geometric, topological and thematic (i.e. non-spatial) properties. We explicitly cope with the problem of multiscale representations. A special level-detail-of-relation between features and their geometry is introduced ensuring spatial consistency between 3D models at different scales. Furthermore, issues concerning the integration of features below surface with the digital terrain model are discussed. Finally, we show how interoperability at system level can be achieved by mapping the proposed model to GML3, the new standard for the representation and exchange of spatial data developed by the OpenGIS Consortium.