A fusion reactor design with a liquid first wall and divertor (original) (raw)
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Mhd enhancement of heat transfer and its relevance to fusion reactor blanket design
Fusion Engineering and Design, 1989
The effect of a uniform magnetic field on the heat transfer of liquid metal forced flows in straight rectangular channels subjected to a uniform heat flux on one of the walls parallel to the field is experimentally studied. The experiments covered the domain 3.8 Q U d 18 cm/s; 0 d B d 0.9 T; 0 d M d 300 and 4 X 10' Q Re < 2 X 104. It is found that the application of the magnetic field improves the heat transfer in channels made of both non-conducting walls and of conducting walls. Whereas in the former case this improvement results from the creation of enhanced anisotropic turbulence across he entire channel, in the conducting channel the improvement results from an increase in the velocity near the heated wall as well as enhancement of turbulence in the vicinity of this wall.
An Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD),or Magnetic Fluid Dynamics
Plasma Physics
The physics of hot plasmas is based on understanding of the interdependency of magnetic and hydrodynamics properties of plasmas. This Section gives theoretical background of MHD. It is basic to the following Chap. 4 in Part I and turbulence and transport phenomena as dealt with in Part II.
Review of magneto-hydrodynamic flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics in a fluid
In the present article I would like to stress on the potential research agenda for lasting reforms in the area of computational fluid dynamics. On the theoretical frameworks, I have tried to propose that a scope for lots of research is needed in this area of stretching sheet in fluid dynamics. On the basis of varied problem domains carried out in various researches in the past, I have proposed to divide this field into segments namely flow past a stretching sheet, magneto hydrodynamic flow, mixed convection flow and mass transfer flow. These areas have potential applications in industries which have made them important contributor for the progress of the society.
Development of a simulation tool for MHD flows under nuclear fusion conditions
La consulta d'aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l'acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d'aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel•lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d'investigació i docència. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tesisenred.net) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you're accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it's obliged to indicate the name of the author This PhD dissertation is part of a research line that has been set up basically thanks to the encouraging efforts of Dr. Luis A. Sedano who, with his enthusiasm, convinced first my supervisor, Dr. Lluís Batet and, afterwards, myself. I would like to thank Dr. Lluís Batet for his patience, support and, above all, confidence in my work. Despite being very busy, I could always count on him. It has been a pleasure to work with him and, hopefully, we can do so in the future. I wish to express my gratitude to people from the Department of Physics and Nuclear Engineering as well as from the CTTC Research group. Special gratitude to Marina Pérez, Roser Capdevila and Xavi Trias, for their friendship and interest in sharing knowledge. I'm proud of having had the opportunity to work with Alban Pótherat and Vincent Dousset, from Coventry University. Working with them has been very enriching and amazing. I also want to thank Dr. Smolentsev for his valuable suggestions and interest on my work. I must mention here my gratitude to OpenFOAM developers community. Having access to such a well structured open source CFD tool is a privilege that I had never imagined. They really do a great job. I'm grateful to the Dept. of Applied Math. I (http://www.ma1.upc.edu), the Research and Development Laboratory of LSI Dept. (http://rdlab.lsi.upc.edu) and, specially, the GITS research group (http://www.gits.ws) for allowing me free use of their computing clusters. I gratefully acknowledge the financial support I have received from the Technical University of Catalonia, the Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (by means of a Consolider grant for TECNO FUS project, Ref. CSD2008-079). My stay at Coventry was financed by COST P17 Action (COST-STSM-P17-03789). Last but not least, I will never thank enough the constant assistance received from Dr. Vicente de Medina. Besides emotional support, Vicente has made very interesting contributions to the study, has solved many technical issues and has made this thesis possible. Thank you. ix x Contents Executive Summary v Acknowledgments ix Table of contents xi Nomenclature xv 10 Conclusions on MHD modelling 169 11 Conclusions on thermal MHD modelling 173 12 Conclusions on breeding blanket studies 175
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2017
Paper presents the current results of work conducted by a joint research group of MPEI-JIHT RAS for experimental study of liquid metals heat transfer. The team of specialists of MPEI-JIHT RAS put into operation a new mercury MHD facility RK-3. The main components of this stand are: a unique electromagnet, created by specialists of the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), and a sealed liquid-metal circuit. The facility will be explored lifting and standpipe flow of liquid metal in a transverse magnetic field in channels of different forms. For the experiments on the study of heat transfer and hydrodynamics of flows for measuring characteristics such as temperature, speed, pulse characteristics, probe method is used. Presents the first experimental results obtained for a pipe in a transverse magnetic field. During the experiments with various flow parameters data was obtained and processed with constructing temperature fields, dimensionless wall temperature distributions and heat transfer coefficients along the perimeter of the work area. Modes with low frequency pulsations of temperature were discovered. The boundaries where low frequency temperature fluctuations occur were defined in a circular tube.
Mhd flow and heat transfer of two immiscible fluids with induced magnetic field effects
Thermal Science, 2012
The paper investigates the magnetohydrodynamic flow of two immiscible, electrically conducting fluids between isothermal and insulated moving plates in the presence of an applied electric and inclined magnetic field with the effects of induced magnetic field. Partial differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer and magnetic field conservation are transformed to ordinary differential equations and solved exactly in both fluid regions, under physically appropriate boundary and interface conditions. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the non-dimensional velocity, non-dimensional induced magnetic field and nondimensional temperature. The analytical results for various values of the Hartmann number, the angle of magnetic field inclination, loading parameter and the ratio of plates' velocities are presented graphically to show their effect on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. thus avoiding radiation damages. Many exciting innovations have been put forth in the areas of MHD propulsion [4] and remote energy deposition for drag reduction . Double-diffusive MHD convection is significant for material solidification processes [6] and fluid flow over a flat surface or stretching sheet in the presence of a magnetic field finds applications in manufacturing processes such as the cooling of the metallic plate, rolling, purification of molten metals, extrusion of polymers, wire and fiber coating, hydro-magnetic lubrication . Extensive research is present in MHD control of flow and heat transfer in the boundary layer , enhanced plasma ignition , and combustion modeling . The analysis of the flow on an inclined porous plate has become the basis of several scientific and engineering applications.
Numerical Analysis of 2-D and 3-D MHD Flows Relevant to Fusion Applications
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2017
The analysis of many fusion applications such as liquid metal blankets requires application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods for electrically conductive liquids in geometrically complex regions and in the presence of a strong magnetic field. A current state of the art general-purpose CFD code allows modeling of the flow in complex geometric regions, with simultaneous conjugated heat transfer analysis in liquid and surrounding solid parts. Together with a Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) capability, the general purpose CFD code will be a valuable tool for the design and optimization of fusion devices. This paper describes an introduction of MHD capability into the general purpose CFD code CFX, part of the ANSYS Workbench. The code was adapted for MHD problems using a magnetic induction approach. CFX allows introduction of userdefined variables using transport, or Poisson equations. For MHD adaptation of the code three additional transport equations were introduced for the components of the magnetic field, in additional to the Poisson equation for electric potential. The Lorentz force is included in the momentum transport equation as a source term. Fusion applications usually involve very strong magnetic fields, with values of the Hartmann number of up to tens of thousands. In this situation a system of MHD equations become very rigid with very large source terms and very strong variable gradients. To increase system robustness, special measures were introduced during the iterative convergence process, such as linearization using source coefficient for momentum equations. The MHD implementation in general purpose CFD code was tested against benchmarks specifically selected for liquid metal blanket applications. Results of numerical simulations using present implementation closely match analytical solutions for a Hartmann number of up to 15000 for a two-dimensional laminar flow in the duct of square cross-section, with conducting and nonconducting walls. Results for a three dimensional test case are also included.