Coagulation Efficacy of Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract Compared to Alum for Removal of Turbidity and E. coli in Three Different Water Sources. (original) (raw)
Related papers
Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed as coagulant for water purification
The high cost of treated water makes most people in the rural communities to resort to readily available sources which are normally of low quality exposing them to waterborne diseases. It is in this light that this research was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of powder extracted from mature-dried Moringa oleifera seeds which is commonly available in most rural communities of Africa. This was done using Completely Randomised Design with loading doses of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 g/L of the powder processed from Moringa seeds, and aluminium sulphate (alum) as coagulant. A control (water from the pond with only distilled water without alum and Moringa treatments) was also included. The turbidity, pH, and conductivity and total coliform were determined for all the samples. The turbidity for the samples ranged from log100.30 to log101.36NTU while the conductivity ranged from log102.29 to log102.72 μS/cm. The 12 g/L treatment of Moringa and 10 and 12 g/L alum treatments gave values that are acceptable according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for safe drinking water. The control sample gave the higher extremes values which are unacceptable. The pH values (7.29 to 7.89) obtained for the treatments were in the recommended range set by WHO. The Most Probable Number per 100 ml for total coliform counts had values from 2 to 17 at 95% confidence limits. The Moringa treatment gave lower counts. Findings of this research lend support to earlier works recommending the use of Moringa for water treatment.
There is a great concern about commercial coagulants and their residues in treated water which leads to Alzheimer disease in old people. For this reason, a lot of research is focused on plants with coagulating properties. A lot of interest is on Moringa oliefera as a plant with clarifying properties, this study was aimed at investigating efficiency of crude and defatted Moringa oliefera seed in aiding removal of turbidity, chemical and bacteriological parameters from turbid Ndarugo river water in comparison with alum. Conventional jar test apparatus was used in coagulation process. The optimum dosages was obtained at 50 mg/L, 175 mg/L and 150 mg/L which gave represented residual turbidity of 3.73±0.09, 4.93±0.31 and 3.27±0.45 for alum, crude Moringa oliefera seed powder and defatted Moringa oliefera seed powder respectively. Total coliforms were reduced to between 93.48% to 96.96% by all the coagulants; however E. coli was not detected in raw turbid water and clarified sample. In the study, it was observed that Moringa oliefera seed showed a good alternative as coagulants reducing water parameters to values below maximum permissible limits as stipulated by WHO.
Use of moringa oleifera seed extracts as alternative natural material for water purification
Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , 2014
This research paper investigated the effectiveness of the use of different Moringa oleifera coagulants for the removal of turbidity, bacteria, and natural organic matter (NOM) from natural surface water using laboratory experiment. In the laboratory study water sample with turbidity of 64NTU was analysed and treated with the three coagulants produced from the Moringa oleifera seed namely: the shell-blended (without oil extraction) seed powder, de-oiled seed powder and the purified protein (polymer) powder. Jar test was conducted to determine the optimum dosages of the coagulant needed in the treatment of raw surface water using the three different coagulants as named above. The concentration of the dose selected for the jar tests were; 30mg/l, 50mg/l, 70mg/l, 90mg/l, 100mg/l and 120mg/l for all three coagulants. The optimum dosages for the shell-blended, de-oiled seed powder and the purified protein powder were found to be 100mg/l, 100mg/l and 90mg/l respectively. After treatment with the optimum coagulant dosage, the water samples were analysed for different physiochemical parameters such as the pH, total solids, turbidity, alkalinity, MPN and SPC. Protein powder had the highest turbidity removal efficiency with a percentage turbidity removal of 92.3% followed by de-oiled powder with a percentage turbidity removal of 83.25% and shell blended powder with a percentage turbidity removal of 75.68% at optimal dosage. The total coliform present in the raw water sample which was measured quantitatively was beyond the W.H.O limit. All three coagulants were able to reduce the total coliforms to a level which conforms to the standard set by the W.H.O. Protein polymer powder had the highest reduction efficiency at optimal dosage followed by the de-oiled powder which was then followed by shellblended coagulant powder. This study has shown that Moringa oleifera seeds are highly effective in the reduction of the turbidity and faecal coliforms of turbid surface water. In the overall investigations, the results obtained were seen to be comparable to inorganic coagulants of alum and ferric chloride. The use of Moringa oleifera coagulant in combination with alum and ferric chloride showed that reduced usage of inorganic salts to an average of 60% could be achieved. Bactericidal activity seemed to be evident through analysis of E.coli viability in the water and sludge treated by the Moringa oleifera coagulant. Moringa oleifera seed extract was found to have no significant effect on pH or alkalinity of the water. The residual turbidities measured during most of the test runs were seen to satisfy Guideline for Drinking Water Supplies. Findings of this research paper lend support to earlier works recommending the use of Moringa oleifera as alternative natural material for water treatment.
2010
Coagulation of water involves the use of coagulating agents to bring the suspended matter in the raw water together for settling and the filtration stage. Present study is aimed to examine the effects of aluminum sulfate as coagulant in conjunction with Moringa Oleifera Coagulant Protein as coagulant aid on turbidity, hardness, and bacteria in turbid water. A conventional jar test apparatus was employed for the tests. The best removal was observed at a pH of 7 to 7.5 for all turbidities. Turbidity removal efficiency was resulted between % 80 to % 99 by Moringa Oleifera Coagulant Protein as coagulant aid. Dosage of coagulant and coagulant aid decreased with increasing turbidity. In addition, Moringa Oleifera Coagulant Protein significantly has reduced the required dosage of primary coagulant. Residual Al+3 in treated water were less than 0.2 mg/l and meets the environmental protection agency guidelines. The results showed that turbidity reduction of % 85.9- % 98 paralleled by a prima...
Combined water treatment with extract of natural Moringa oleifera Lam and synthetic coagulant
This study evaluated the efficiency of coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation and filtration processes using the combination of natural coagulant from Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) and synthetic coagulant aluminum polychloride (PAC) for water treatment. Raw water was obtained from the Pirapó River Basin, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. Coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation assays were carried out in a Jar Test. A two-layer rapid filter filled with sand and anthracite was used in the filtration stage. Water quality and therefore the efficiency of the process were determined by means of the analysis of physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters, including the determination of floc size and zeta potential. The utilization of MO contributed to the reduction of the required demand of synthetic coagulant PAC. The association of coagulants, with 80%/20% or 60%/40% of MO/PAC, ensured an improvement of water quality parameters, such as apparent color, turbidity and UV254nm, as well as the possibility of water production with adequate potability standard.
E3S Web of Conferences
This research aimed to investigate the performance of seeds extract of Moringa Oleifera (MO) as an eco-friendly coagulant and an alternative practice in enhancing primary domestic wastewater effluent treatment by coagulation/flocculation, and sedimentation. The seeds of Moringa Oleifera were dried, crushed, and sieved, the content of oil was extracted with n-hexane as a solvent employing soxhlet apparatus (electro thermal) then used the residue as domestic wastewater coagulant. Jar tests were conducted for improve the primary treatment of domestic wastewater effluent from the wastewater plant of Ain Aouda city, Rabat, Morocco. For this reason, perform of coagulation tests was comparative with using aluminium sulphate (alum). Moringa Oleifera seeds extract at the optimal dose of 250 mg/L shows encouraging results, by comparison with the use of alum (150 mg/L). In reality, in terms of TSS reduction 95.5% and 96.8%, while turbidity reduction 97.5% and 98.1% were obtained for MO seeds e...