Assessment of static water level and overburden pattern for sustainable groundwater development and management in Ilorin City, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL OF CHANCHAGA AREA, MINNA, NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA
Background: Inadequate potable water supply remains one of the challenges of residents of Minna Metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria owing to the basement complex terrain underlying the area. The rapid increase in population in the area, which is due to its proximity to the nation's capital city (Abuja) among others, has led to a corresponding increase in the demand for potable water for domestic, irrigational and industrial uses which public water by government could not meet. Consequently, the inhabitants resort to seeking alternative arrangements for water through hand dug wells and surface water sources which are often of uncertain quality. Objectives: Thus, this study investigates the groundwater potential of Chanchaga area, Minna, North-central Nigeria with a view to delineating the suitable aquifer for groundwater development. Material and Methods: The technique employed for this study was Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) of the Electrical Resistivity (ER) method. A total number of twenty-three (23) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) points were investigated using Schlumberger array configuration and the data obtained were analyzed using partial curve matching and computer iteration techniques. The data were interpreted to reveal various geoeletric layers that characterize the area. Results: The results revealed predominantly H-type curve typical of the basement complex system with three geoelectric layers: the top soil, weathered/fractured basement and fresh basement. The apparent resistivity of the first layer ranged from 25 Ωm – 928 Ωm with a corresponding thickness of 0.5 m – 3.1 m, second layer has apparent resistivity values of 8.3 Ωm – 41.3 Ωm with a corresponding thickness of 2.1 m – 33.0 m and the third geoelectric layer has apparent resistivity values ranging from 74 Ωm – 4173.5 Ωm with an infinite thickness. A careful examination and integration of the isopach map with the isoresistivity maps (at 30 and 40 metres depths) indicated that the central and northern parts of the study area have very low to low apparent resistivity values and shallow overburden which is capable of constituting shallow aquifer units. Conclusions: It is concluded that the central and northern parts of the study area have poor to marginal groundwater potential, and this is supported by the occurrences and concentration of fractures which can constitute weathered/fractured aquifers around these regions. It is recommended that water wells be drilled to an effective depth of 40 to 50 m for optimum groundwater yields, and that pumping test be carried out on the drilled wells in order to further determine the aquifer efficiency and productivity in the area.
Forty (40) Schlumberger depth soundings and inventory of fifty-five (55) hand-dug wells were carried out in Ile-Oluji area, South-western Nigeria, aimed at assessing the groundwater prospect and aquifer vulnerability. The area is characterized by the crystalline basement rocks, mostly of granite gneiss lithology. Major challenges in this area are inadequate municipal water supply coupled with the hydrogeologically difficult terrain, individuals and corporate bodies indiscriminately sinking of tube wells and boreholes within the unconsolidated overburden materials, with obvious lack of concerns for the vulnerability status of aquifers and possible environmental risk. The acquired depth sounding data and wells inventory were critically interpreted and analyzed in order to assess the groundwater prospect in terms of geophysical parameters of the unconsolidated materials overlying the crystalline bedrock. The thickness of the unconsolidated overburden varies from 3 to 54.1 m, where about 35, 47.5 and 17.5% falls within 3 to 4 m, 15 to 30 m and 33 to 54 m brackets respectively, while static water level ranges from 1.7 to 12.9 m. The topmost geoelectric layer has resistivity mostly within 101 to 200 Ωm (50%) and 11 to 100 Ωm (30%) across the area. The resistivity values indicated that the overburden protective cover comprises of clayey sand and clayey materials respectively. This implies that the envisaged protective cover of the aquifers in the study area is generally fairly vulnerable. The interrelationship between the groundwater flow pattern and geoeletrical parameters enabled the rating of the study area into the category of moderate to low groundwater prospect. Finally, results of the geophysical study reasonably provide a basis for which the groundwater potential and vulnerability in the area were appraised. Key words: Groundwater system, protective capacity, vulnerability, aquifer.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2021
https://www.ijert.org/geospatial-assessment-of-groundwater-potential-in-jos-south-local-government-area-of-plateau-state-nigeria https://www.ijert.org/research/geospatial-assessment-of-groundwater-potential-in-jos-south-local-government-area-of-plateau-state-nigeria-IJERTV10IS030001.pdf Groundwater occurrence in the Jos-Bukuru Younger Granite Complex of Jos South LGA. is regulated by permeabilities of the crystalline basement complex induced through weathering processes in which aquifers are usually discontinuous and could worsen the issue of water scarcity in addition to an improper sighting of water wells. This study identified the features for determining groundwater potential zones, examine the spatial pattern and relationship between the results obtained from geospatial and geophysical techniques. The study used geospatial techniques to construct and integrate thematic maps based on multi-criteria assessment using Saaty's Analytical Hierarchy method, and geophysical techniques such as Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using electrical resistivity method. The findings revealed very high groundwater potential in the northern part of the area characterized by high rainfall, low slope and dominated by cambisols with high relative water retention capacity. Also, moderate to low groundwater potential areas are scattered all over the study area, while the very low is found within the central areas. However, geophysical results overlaid on groundwater potential map coincides with the expected values. Areas with higher value of aquifer thickness such as Vom, Bukuru, and Barakin Columbai have high groundwater potential and areas with low aquifer thickness such as Dutsen Kato, Gyel and Du have low groundwater potential. Generally, from this study, it can be deduced that geospatial techniques such as Remote Sensing and GIS are faster, cost-effective and accurate in assessing groundwater potential zones. This study suggests that the government, decision-makers, and stakeholders in water resources should consider deploying geospatial techniques when conducting groundwater exploration.
Momana Ethiopian Journal of Science, 2014
This study characterize groundwater yield and flow pattern on a shallow overburden aquifers of a basement complex rock in Ilara-mokin and its’ environs, southwestern Nigeria. A total of 40 wells were sampled by using a handheld GPS and well estimator to collect data on the wells parameters and the physiographic characteristics of the well’s locations. The data collected include: elevation, longitude, latitude, well depth, depth to water and well diameter of the sampled wells. The mean yield of the well has revealed by this study is 1.21m3, with high variability in yield depending on the nature of the underlying overburden aquifers of the sampled well. The static water level, groundwater flow direction, surface profile and 3-D elevation model of the study area were produced from the data collected using ArcGis 9.3 and surfer 8 GIS software. The groundwater flow direction in the study is towards the southwestern part of the study area with few exceptions as the case of Ikota in the eastern part of the study area. The study concluded that Ilara-mokin and it’s’ environs have poor groundwater yield that can sustain the increasing population. It is therefore recommended that there should be proper development, management and advance exploration of the groundwater in areas where water level is close to the surface especially within the lowland areas and isolated marginally thick overburden as confirmed by a previous hydro-geophysical studies carried out in the area.
An Integrated Approach to Groundwater Potential Modelling in Jos Metropolis, North Central Nigeria
International Journal of Research Publications, 2021
Groundwater resources are unevenly distributed in the crystalline basement terrain of Nigeria. Hence, the sustainable development and management of groundwater resource in such terrain requires precise quantitative assessment based on scientific principle and modern techniques. This study deals with the integrated approach of remote sensing, GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in modelling groundwater potential zones within Jos, Northcentral Nigeria. Nigeria Sat - X, ASTER GDEM, topographic and geological maps of the study area are used to generate the various themes; lineaments, geology, drainage, geomorphology, surface water body and slope. Thematic weights are assign to the various layers AHP. The groundwater potential model of the area is produce by integrating the different thematic layers using Weighted Index Overlay Analysis (WIOA) in ArcGIS. Five different potential zones namely; very high, high, moderate, low and very low are determined. The groundwater potential map reveals that some parts in the northwestern, parts of the northeastern and a portion in the extreme southwestern of the study area have very low potential. Low potential is observed in the extreme northwestern, some areas in the northeast and some southwestern parts of the study area. The north central, some northwestern and northeastern as well as southern parts generally exhibits moderate potential. The high and very high groundwater potentiality of the study area is restricted to some parts in the northwest, northeast and few places in the central and southwestern part of the study area. Borehole data obtained from 127 boreholes within the study area where used to validate the groundwater potential of the study area, from which 69.29% coincided with the groundwater potential model.
Determination of Groundwater Potential Areas in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna, Nigeria
FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 2022
Groundwater is one of the major resources important for sustainable growth and development. Proper management of the resources is therefore important to meet all the water requirements for human existence to continue. In this study, an investigation is made to explore for groundwater potential areas of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State using remote sensing and GIS technique. The data used for the study are as follows; Landsat 8 (OLI) 30m, Aster data (30m), Geologic map, Soil map and Topographic map was used to generate the factors such as; Land use/cover, Slope, Geomorphology, Geologic rock types, soil textures and drainage density. All the factors and its attributes were weighted and rated respectively and were classified according to their importance to groundwater occurrence using the modified DRASTIC model and the weighted overlay technique was used to create a groundwater potential map of the metropolis. Groundwater potential map were classified into four categories that best de...
Hydrogeophysical Study Of The Groundwater Potential Of Ilara-Mokin Southwestern Nigeria
Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2009
Geoelectric study of the groundwater potential of Ilara-Mokin in Ondo State Southwestern Nigeria was carried out using electrical resistivity (Vertical Electrical Sounding) method with the view to providing adequate information on the different sub-surface geoelectric layers, structural configuration of the concealed basement rocks and the groundwater potential of the study area. Forty-one Schlumberger vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted across the study area. The computer assisted VES data interpretation enabled generation of geoelectric curves, sections and overburden thickness map which were used in the delineation of key hydrogeologic features like the topsoil, weathered basement, fractured basement and the fresh basement. Resistivity values range from 21 Ω-m to 798 Ω-m in the topsoil, 14 Ω-m to 209 Ωm in the weathered basement, 51 Ω-m to 209 in the partially weathered/fractured basement and 312 Ω-m to ∞ within the fresh basement. Layer thickness values also vary from 0.3 m to 6.1 m in the topsoil and 0.9 m to 28.6 m in the weathered basement. The depth to the resistive bedrock ranges from 0.3 m to 29.3 m across the study area. The study revealed that greater part of Ilara-Mokin town is underlain by marginally thick overburden thus constituting shallow aquifer units with poor to marginal groundwater potential. Partially weathered/fractured basement were delineated in isolated cases with tendency for low to marginal groundwater yield around central and northeastern areas of the town. The results reasonably provide basic information that is expected to assist in the future development of groundwater resources in Ilara-Mokin.
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2021
Groundwater occurrence in the Jos-Bukuru Younger Granite Complex of Jos South LGA. is regulated by permeabilities of the crystalline basement complex induced through weathering processes in which aquifers are usually discontinuous and could worsen the issue of water scarcity in addition to an improper sighting of water wells. This study identified the features for determining groundwater potential zones, examine the spatial pattern and relationship between the results obtained from geospatial and geophysical techniques. The study used geospatial techniques to construct and integrate thematic maps based on multi-criteria assessment using Saaty's Analytical Hierarchy method, and geophysical techniques such as Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using electrical resistivity method. The findings revealed very high groundwater potential in the northern part of the area characterized by high rainfall, low slope and dominated by cambisols with high relative water retention capacity. Also, moderate to low groundwater potential areas are scattered all over the study area, while the very low is found within the central areas. However, geophysical results overlaid on groundwater potential map coincides with the expected values. Areas with higher value of aquifer thickness such as Vom, Bukuru, and Barakin Columbai have high groundwater potential and areas with low aquifer thickness such as Dutsen Kato, Gyel and Du have low groundwater potential. Generally, from this study, it can be deduced that geospatial techniques such as Remote Sensing and GIS are faster, cost-effective and accurate in assessing groundwater potential zones. This study suggests that the government, decision-makers, and stakeholders in water resources should consider deploying geospatial techniques when conducting groundwater exploration.
Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
Fudma Journal of Sciences, 2020
The scarcity of potable surface water in the Kaduna metropolis has resulted in a high dependence on reliable fresh groundwater. This has led to an increasing drilling of boreholes some of which have failed due to poor groundwater prospecting before drilling. The main aim of this study is to delineate the groundwater potential zones in Kaduna metropolis. The factors considered for this were lineament, drainage, elevation, slope, rainfall, soil, land use/ land cover and geology. Thematic maps for each of these factors were generated and the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) was used to weight the various factors according to their influence on the occurrence of groundwater in the study area. The weighted index overlay was carried out and the groundwater potential map produced was classified into; very low, low, moderate and high groundwater potential zones covering 29.4%, 36.13%, 25.55% and 8.88% of the study area respectively. The results showed that lineament density and drainage density with weight percentages of 27% and 22% respectively were the major contributing factors towards the occurrence of groundwater in the study area. Rainfall and land use/ land cover with 4% each were the least contributing factors. The high groundwater potential zone was spread all round the study area but occurred mostly in the northern part of Kaduna metropolis. It was seen that the northern part of the metropolis had the best groundwater potential and would be the most suitable location for the exploitation of potable water for urban use.
IOSR Journals , 2019
This paper presents a geophysical study for ground water evaluation in a typical crystalline basement complex terrain of Camic garden estate in Ilorin metropolis, North central basement complex of Nigeria. Very Low Frequency-Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and Ground Magnetics (GM) were used for structural evaluation/delineation combined with Electrical Resistivity Method (ERM) using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Technique. Eight (8) VLF-EM and GM profiles covering a distance range of 70 to 300 m were established, VLF-EM at a measuring intervals of 10 m each, while six (6) VES were carried out based on quantitative, semi-quantitative of the VLF-EM and GM, a correlation was also carried out between the VLF-EM and the GM results of conductive zones and zones of low magnetic susceptibility that may be diagnostic of fault, fracture/weathered material. The six (6) VES were carried out using Schlumberger configuration, with AB/2 varying from 1.00 m to 225.00 m, with the predominant curve being of the HA type representing three-layer earth model i.e. the top soil, the clayey/weathered layer, and the fresh basement for most of the curves obtained, the clayey/weathered layer constitutes the major auriferous unit in the area, and are characterised by moderately low resistivity value which ranged between 23.00 and 200.00 Ωm while the thickness varies 13.2 to 61.0 m. The study reveals that 83% of the study area may be of low water bearing/yield owing to the thick clayey column that characterised the weathered layer without fractured basement. Therefore, there is a critical need for elaborate ground water study in the entire area, to be able to site boreholes with a reasonable yield in an environment where fractured basement/bedrock is rare to find.