Mechanical Stimuli-induced Urothelial Differentiation in a Human Tissue-engineered Tubular Genitourinary Graft (original) (raw)
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The Scientific World Journal, 2013
Urinary tract is subjected to many varieties of pathologies since birth including congenital anomalies, trauma, inflammatory lesions, and malignancy. These diseases necessitate the replacement of involved organs and tissues. Shortage of organ donation, problems of immunosuppression, and complications associated with the use of nonnative tissues have urged clinicians and scientists to investigate new therapies, namely, tissue engineering. Tissue engineering follows principles of cell transplantation, materials science, and engineering. Epithelial and muscle cells can be harvested and used for reconstruction of the engineered grafts. These cells must be delivered in a well-organized and differentiated condition because water-seal epithelium and well-oriented muscle layer are needed for proper function of the substitute tissues. Synthetic or natural scaffolds have been used for engineering lower urinary tract. Harnessing autologous cells to produce their own matrix and form scaffolds is a new strategy for engineering bladder and urethra. This self-assembly technique avoids the biosafety and immunological reactions related to the use of biodegradable scaffolds. Autologous equivalents have already been produced for pigs (bladder) and human (urethra and bladder). The purpose of this paper is to present a review for the existing methods of engineering bladder and urethra and to point toward perspectives for their replacement.
Tissue engineering in urology: Where are we going?
Current Urology Reports, 2003
Tissue engineering in urology is a broad term used to describe the development of alternative tissue sources for diseased or dysfunctional native urologic tissue. This article reviews the recently published techniques involving synthetic and natural biodegradable matrices alone, known as "unseeded" scaffolds, and the latest data on "seeded" scaffolds, which are impregnated with cultured cells from urologic organs. Recent discoveries in reporter gene labeling of urologic tissue are discussed as a new method to identify and track the fates of these transplanted cells in vivo. This article also investigates how these bioengineering techniques are applied to synthetic and natural scaffolds, such as polyglycolic acid and porcine small intestine submucosa, to increase bladder capacity, repair urethral strictures, and replace corporal plaques in Peyronie's disease. Furthermore, recently published reports that these materials have been seeded with chondrocytes to create corporal rods for penile prostheses and stents for ureteral and urethral stricture disease are discussed. With these latest developments as a foundation, the future directions of tissue engineering in urology are presented.
Engineered human organ-specific urethra as a functional substitute
Scientific Reports
Urologic patients may be affected by pathologies requiring surgical reconstruction to re-establish a normal function. The lack of autologous tissues to reconstruct the urethra led clinicians toward new solutions, such as tissue engineering. Tridimensional tissues were produced and characterized from a clinical perspective. The balance was optimized between increasing the mechanical resistance of urethral-engineered tissue and preserving the urothelium’s barrier function, essential to avoid urine extravasation and subsequent inflammation and fibrosis. The substitutes produced using a mix of vesical (VF) and dermal fibroblasts (DF) in either 90%:10% or 80%:20% showed mechanical resistance values comparable to human native bladder tissue while maintaining functionality. The presence of mature urothelium markers such as uroplakins and tight junctions were documented. All substitutes showed similar histological features except for the noticeable decrease in polysaccharide globules for th...
Tissue Engineering in Urology- Progress and Prospects - A Review Article
Open Access Journal of Urology & Nephrology
Regenerative medicine is a new branch of medicine based on tissue engineering technology. This field of science has many things to offer in reconstructive urology where native organ is non-functional, and no substitute is available. Despite the initial promising results, it has not become a reality in the true sense. There are numerous obstacles that are slowing down the process of regenerative medicine. The progress shown in stem cell biotechnology and material science provides new vistas to translate experimental methods clinical reality. Tissue engineering encompasses a multidisciplinary approach with the main aim of development of biological substitutes designed to restore and maintain normal function in diseased or injured organs. This review is done to ascertain its current status and the progress that has been made in regenerative medicine in the reconstruction of various Genito-urinary organs.
Tissue engineering of urinary bladder - current state of art and future perspectives
Central European journal of urology, 2013
Tissue engineering and biomaterials science currently offer the technology needed to replace the urinary tract wall. This review addresses current achievements and barriers for the regeneration of the urinary blad- der based on tissue engineering methods. Medline was search for urinary bladder tissue engineering regenerative medicine and stem cells. Numerous studies to develop a substitute for the native urinary bladder wall us- ing the tissue engineering approach are ongoing. Stem cells combined with biomaterials open new treatment methods, including even de novo urinary bladder construction. However, there are still many issues before advances in tissue engineering can be introduced for clinical application. Before tissue engineering techniques could be recognize as effective and safe for patients, more research stud- ies performed on large animal models and with long follow-up are needed to carry on in the future.
Frontiers in Pediatrics
Introduction: Tissue engineering is a potential source of urethral substitutes to treat severe urethral defects. Our aim was to create tissue-engineered urethras by harvesting autologous cells obtained by bladder washes and then using these cells to create a neourethra in a chronic large urethral defect in a rabbit model.Methods: A large urethral defect was first created in male New Zealand rabbits by resecting an elliptic defect (70 mm2) in the ventral penile urethra and then letting it settle down as a chronic defect for 5–6 weeks. Urothelial cells were harvested noninvasively by washing the bladder with saline and isolating urothelial cells. Neourethras were created by seeding urothelial cells on a commercially available decellularized intestinal submucosa matrix (Biodesign® Cook-Biotech®). Twenty-two rabbits were divided into three groups. Group-A (n = 2) is a control group (urethral defect unrepaired). Group-B (n = 10) and group-C (n = 10) underwent on-lay urethroplasty, with u...
Tissue engineering and stem cells: Basic principles and applications in urology
International Journal of Urology, 2010
To overcome problems of damaged urinary tract tissues and complications of current procedures, tissue engineering (TE) techniques and stem cell (SC) research have achieved great progress. Although diversity of techniques is used , urologists should know the basics. We carried out a literature review regarding the basic principles and applications of TE and SC technologies in the genitourinary tract. We carried out MEDLINE/PubMed searches for English articles until March 2010 using a combination of the following keywords: bladder, erectile dysfunction, kidney, prostate, Peyronie's disease, stem cells, stress urinary incontinence, testis, tissue engineering, ureter, urethra and urinary tract. Retrieved abstracts were checked , and full versions of relevant articles were obtained. Scientists have achieved great advances in basic science research. This is obvious by the tremendous increase in the number of publications. We divided this review in two topics; the first discusses basic science principles of TE and SC, whereas the second part delineates current clinical applications and advances in urological literature. TE and SC applications represent an alternative resource for treating complicated urological diseases. Despite the paucity of clinical trials, the promising results of animal models and continuous work represents the hope of treating various urological disorders with this technology.