Mortality attributable to tobacco among men in Sweden and other European countries: an analysis of data in a WHO report (original) (raw)
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The decline of smoking among Swedish men
International Journal of Epidemiology, 1998
Background In 1987 the Association of the Nordic Cancer Registers (ANCR) predicted the incidence of lung cancer in the Nordic countries up to the years 2000 and 2010. The predictions for Sweden can now be considered against recent information on smoking habits. Methods Regular, question-based studies on the public's tobacco consumption are carried out by four separate institutions in Sweden. This article summarizes and updates the smoking habits among Swedish men in the age groups 35-54 and 55-70 years between 1963 and 1994, with special focus on smoking cessation. Results Between 1963 and 1994, there was a significant and continuous decrease in the prevalence of smoking among Swedish men. During this time ex-smoking men increased from 20% to 41 %. The data reveal a continuous, unbroken and uniform increase in smoking cessation rates during the last 20 years, despite the small success of smoking cessation programmes and smoking-relapse rates of 75-80%. The explanation of this seems to be the surprisingly high frequency of smokers who attempted to stop smoking each year (about 30%). The best success rate in smoking cessation was achieved by occasional smokers and others with a low cigarette consumption. Conclusion With the continuing fall in the numbers of smoking men, a greater drop in lung cancer incidence than predicted by the ANCR in 1987 may be expected in Sweden within the coming decade.
The Decline of Smoking in Northern Sweden
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2005
For decades men in Sweden have smoked at far lower rates than those in comparable countries. Previous studies showed that snus use played a major role in low smoking rates among men in northern Sweden; daily smoking declined from 19% (95% CI 16-22%) in 1986 to 11% (CI 8.9-14%) in 1999. The prevalence of smoking among all men is now 9% (CI 7.0-11%) and only 3% (CI 0.1-5.4%) among men age 25-34 years; the prevalence of exclusive snus use is 27% (CI 24-30%) and 34% (CI 27-42%) respectively. Combined smoking and snus use, an unstable and transient category, was under 5% in all surveys and was 2.2% (CI 1.4-3.4%) by 2004. For the first time snus use is also associated with a decrease in smoking prevalence among women. These patterns of tobacco use have implications for all smoking-dominated societies.
Evolving patterns of tobacco use in northern Sweden
Journal of Internal Medicine, 2003
Rodu B, Stegmayr B, Nasic S, Cole P, Asplund K (University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Umeå Hospital, Umeå, Sweden). Evolving patterns of tobacco use in northern Sweden. J Intern Med 2003; 253: 660-665.
The European Journal of Public Health, 2013
Background: This study examines the effect of past tobacco control policies and projects the effect of future policies on smoking and snus use prevalence and associated premature mortality in Sweden. Methods: The established SimSmoke model was adapted with population, smoking rates and tobacco control policy data from Sweden. SimSmoke evaluates the effect of taxes, smoke-free air, mass media, marketing bans, warning labels, cessation treatment and youth access policies on smoking and snus prevalence and the number of deaths attributable to smoking and snus use by gender from 2010 to 2040. Results: Sweden SimSmoke estimates that significant inroads to reducing smoking and snus prevalence and premature mortality can be achieved through tax increases, especially when combined with other policies. Smoking prevalence can be decreased by as much as 26% in the first few years, reaching a 37% reduction within 30 years. Without effective tobacco control policies, almost 54 500 lives will be lost in Sweden due to tobacco use by the year 2040. Conclusion: Besides presenting the benefits of a comprehensive tobacco control strategy, the model identifies gaps in surveillance and evaluation that can help better focus tobacco control policy in Sweden.
Impact of smokeless tobacco use on smoking in northern Sweden
Journal of Internal Medicine, 2002
Rodu B, Stegmayr B, Nasic S, Asplund K (University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA and University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden). Impact of smokeless tobacco use on smoking in northern Sweden. J Intern Med 2002; 252: 398-404. (PR ¼ 6.18, CI ¼ 4.96-7.70), which was more prevalent at younger ages.
Smokeless tobacco use in Sweden and other 17 European countries
European journal of public health, 2016
The purpose of this study is to report prevalence and determinants of use of smokeless tobacco in a representative sample of men and women from Sweden, where Swedishsnussales are legal, and from 17 other European countries, where sales of smokeless tobacco are restricted. In 2010, a face-to-face survey including information on current smokeless tobacco use was conducted in a representative sample of around 1000 individuals aged ≥15 years per country in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, England, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sweden. In Sweden, the overall prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was 12.3% (20.7% in men, 3.5% in women). The corresponding estimate for other European countries combined was 1.1% (1.2% in men, 1.1% in women). Compared with never smokers, former smokers in Sweden were significantly more likely to use smokeless tobacco (odds ratio, OR: 2.67), whereas no difference in use was obse...
Global health action, 2011
In Sweden, the smoking prevalence has declined. In 2007, it was among the lowest in the industrialized world. A steady increase in the use of Swedish oral moist snuff, snus, has occurred in parallel. This development is neither solicited by authorities nor the medical establishment, but rather has occurred along with increased awareness of the dangers of smoking, and has been promoted by product development and marketing of snus. To evaluate time trends in patterns of tobacco use in northern Sweden during 1990-2007. Cross-sectional (99,381 subjects) and longitudinal (26,867 subjects) data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) 1990-2007 were analyzed. All adults in Västerbotten County are invited to a VIP health examination at ages 40, 50, and 60 years, and until 1995 also 30 years. Smoking and use of snus were evaluated by gender, age and educational groups. Intermittent smoking was categorized as smoking. From the period 1990-1995 to the period 2002-2007, smoking preva...
Effect of smokeless tobacco (snus) on smoking and public health in Sweden
Tobacco control
To review the evidence on the effects of moist smokeless tobacco (snus) on smoking and ill health in Sweden. Narrative review of published papers and other data sources (for example, conference abstracts and internet based information) on snus use, use of other tobacco products, and changes in health status in Sweden. Snus is manufactured and stored in a manner that causes it to deliver lower concentrations of some harmful chemicals than other tobacco products, although it can deliver high doses of nicotine. It is dependence forming, but does not appear to cause cancer or respiratory diseases. It may cause a slight increase in cardiovascular risks and is likely to be harmful to the unborn fetus, although these risks are lower than those caused by smoking. There has been a larger drop in male daily smoking (from 40% in 1976 to 15% in 2002) than female daily smoking (34% in 1976 to 20% in 2002) in Sweden, with a substantial proportion (around 30%) of male ex-smokers using snus when qu...