The dithizone, Timm's sulphide silver and the selenium methods demonstrate a chelatable pool of zinc in CNS (original) (raw)
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Brain Research, 1977
Okamoto 17 introduced dithizone (diphenylthiocarbazone) as a histochemical technique for the demonstration of zinc. Dithizone forms coloured complexes with a number of transition metals and group lib metals, and was found by Kadota 14 and Stampfl et al. z° to produce a reddish stain when administered intravitally. Maske 15 first demonstrated zinc in the mammalian hippocampus by means of spectrophotometry of the coloured zinc-dithizone complex. The details of the distribution of the red chelate in this region has been described by Fleischhauer and Horstmannll; and McLardy 16 demonstrated that the heavily stained region coincides with the hilus of the fascia dentata and the layer of mossy fibers (see also .
Zinc content in hippocampus and whole brain of normal rats
Brain Research, 1974
Maske 16 was the first to demonstrate zinc in the mammalian hippocampus, by means of the chelating agent dithizone. This compound forms colored complexes with a number of transition metals and group lib metals, and was found to selectively stain the hippocampal region after intravital injection (see also refs. 2, 3 and 12). After extraction of the colored compound with CC14, Maske identified it as zinc dithizonate by spectrophotometric methods. Hu and Friede 13 determined the amounts of zinc in various regions of the human and rat brain by means of conventional atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In most regions they found concentrations ranging from 10 to 30 p.p.m. (wet weight). Neither in the rat brain nor in human brains did they find significantly higher concentration in the hippocampus than in other regions of the brain, although they indicated that this might be due to lack of sensitivity of their procedure. Harrison et al. s carried out another atomic absorption study in which great precautions were taken to prevent contamination and to secure high sensitivity. In the hippocampus of human brains they reported a mean concentration of 95 p.p.m. (dry weight); other areas of the brain showed approximately similar concentrations, the lowest concentration (45 p.p.m.) being found in frontal white matter. Wong and Fritze 19 found, by neutron activation, the zinc content of calfhippocampus to be 70 p.p.m.; other areas of the brain varied from 19 p.p.m. (cerebellar white matter) to 112 p.p.m. (pineal body). These data are for dry weight.
Distribution of histochemically reactive zinc in the forebrain of the rat
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 1992
The nlajor cytoarchitectonic regions of the rat brain that stain with the Timm l)anscher metal slain ~ere tested with the flourescent probe for zinc, 6-methoxy 8-para toluene sulfonamide quinoline (ISQ). Throughout most of the striatum, cerebral cortex and limbic system, tile diffuse, even neuropil staining produced by the Timm Danscher method was mirrored by comparable fluorescence in TSQ-stained sections. Blockade of the TSQ fluorescence by prior treatment with sulphide indicated that tile limm Danschcr and tile TSQ procedures both labeled the same pool of endogenous metal, which is in fcrrcd to bc tile zinc that is in axonal boutons. It is concluded that the Tilnm l)anscher staining generally indicates zinc-containing axonal boutons. Tile distribution of the zinc-containing axonal boutons throughout the forcbram is described.
Influence of Zinc Over-Doses on Some Metals in Wistar Rats Brain
Zinc is an essential trace element and plays essential roles in metabolisms from human and animal organism. But over-doses of zinc can translocate other metals and disturbing the minerals' homeostasy. This experiment presents the concentration of some trace elements (Cu, Mn) and potential toxic metals (Al, Pb) after administration of zinc over-doses compare to Recommended Daily Intake (RDI), analyzed from brain of Wistar strain rats. We had three experimental groups and we administrated by gavage ZnCl 2 solution (2xRDI for Zn) at rats from E 1 group, ZnCl 2 solution (4xRDI for Zn) for E 2 group and tap water for control group (C). After experiment, concentration of Cu (3.42±0.79µg/g for E 1 and 2.40±0.45µg/g for E 2), Mn (0.54±0.16µg/g for E 1 and 0.53±µg/g for E 2), Al (3.69±1.05µg/g for E 1 and 3.72±1.18µg/g for E 2) and Pb (undetectable for E 1 and E 2), decrease at experimental groups (E 1 and E 2) compare to control group (Cu 3.98±0.97µg/g, Mn 1.25±0.60 µg/g, Al 6.17±1.76 a...
Effects of zinc on the cytoskeletal proteins in the central nervous system of the rat
Brain Research, 1981
To test for in vivo zinc neurotoxicity on the cytoskeleton of neurotubules and intermediate filaments, Zn wires were implanted into the brains of adult Lewis rats for periods of 1-35 weeks. After 16 weeks of implant, some neurons showed bundles of intermediate filaments which were often localized in the perinuclear area. At the same time, occasional 200 nm tubular-like structures were seen in swollen dendrites. These structures were morphologically similar to Zn ion-induced aggregates of pure tubulin and structures found in ZnSO4-treated dorsal root ganglion organotypic cultures. The 200 nm structures in dendrites and the intermediate filaments in neurons increased in frequency with time. After 35 weeks of Zn wire implant, few microtubules could be found in the lesion. All the animals showed an astrocyte and glial filament proliferation with axoglial membrane specialization. Other wires studied: Pt, Ni, Co, Mg, demonstrate that Zn wires have a specific effect on cytoskeletal proteins in the CNS of the rat and many of the effects can be explained by an interaction between Zn and tubulin.