Internationalizing Higher Education Worldwide: National Policies and Programs (original) (raw)
Internationalization of higher education: challenges of today
Comparative and International Education – 2021: Education Innovations in the context of European Integration and Globalisation, 2021
In today's changing world, the idea of internationalization of higher education especially in developing countries has been deduced from globalization of education process. The international aspect of higher education is becoming increasingly important, composite, and confusing. The higher education has an effect on the society through policy-making, funding, and planning. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the meaning, definition, importance, necessity, and pre-requisites of internationalization of higher education. This paper also studies the programs and strategies of internationalization of higher education. Key challenges for the future direction of internationalization are identified in this paper.
Higher education has long been recognised as a key driver of economic and social development worldwide. Motivated by a variety of academic, economic, political and social goals, governments around the world are implementing policies and programmes designed to spur higher education internationalisation. This article begins with a discussion of the motivations and goals underpinning government higher education internationalisation policies, and provides an overview of the relevant policymaking bodies worldwide. It then sets forth a typology of policies and programmes that categorises initiatives according to their primary focus areas and activities, and explore issues related to their effectiveness. Finally, it addresses the implications of national policies for campus practitioners, and how national-level policies and programmes can impact and be influenced by institutional internationalisation efforts.
Internationalization in higher education: global trends and recommendations for its future
Policy reviews in higher education, 2020
Internationalization as a concept and strategic agenda is a relatively new, broad, and varied phenomenon in tertiary education. During the past half-century, internationalization has evolved from a marginal activity to a key aspect of the reform agenda. This analysis addresses the following points: What are the historical developments of internationalization? What do we mean by internationalization? What are the key factors in international tertiary education that impact, and are impacted by, this phenomenon? What initiatives and policies are developed to enhance the internationalization of tertiary education? What are the key data, trends, and challenges that are crucial for the future of internationalization, abroad and at home, in a critical time of transformation as a result of nationalist-populist developments, climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic? ARTICLE HISTORY
Higher Education Internationalization: Concepts, Rationales, and Frameworks
2021
This article presents different analytical frameworks to understand the key concepts, elements and new developments in internationalization and to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this evolving multifaceted process. The analysis includes a discussion of the meaning of internationalization, key actors, changing rationales and expectations, strategies related to internationalization on campus and abroad, and a look at new developments and innovations. Any examination of internationalization needs to consider the differences among countries and regions of the world recognizing that priorities, rationales, approaches, risks and benefits differ between east and west, north and south, sending and receiving, developed and developing countries. Acknowledging the importance and uniqueness of local context is critical and suggests internationalization must be customized to the local situation and that a 'one size fits all' approach to internationalization is not appropriate.
Internationalization of Higher Education, Challenges and Opportunities for the Next Decade
European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade
Internationalization has evolved in higher education over the past 30 to 40 years from a marginal aspect to a key aspect of the reform agenda. It also has evolved in different directions and, in that process, some previous values have got lost, and past priorities have been replaced by others. Economic rationales have become more dominant, but as the society is facing extreme challenges, summarized in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, internationalization needs to respond to these challenges and goals.
Internationalization of Higher Education: Past and Future
International Higher Education, 2018
Over the past 25 years, internationalization has evolved from a marginal and minor component to a global, strategic, and mainstream factor in higher education. Has international higher education lived up to our expectations and its potential? What values have guided it? What have we learned from the past to guide us into the future? Is the strong appeal for internationalization of the curriculum a return to the former days of cooperation and exchange, or a call for a more responsible process of internationalization? Who could have forecasted that internationalization would transform from a process based on values of cooperation to one that is increasingly characterized by competition?
The Internationalization of Higher Education: Motivations and Realities
Journal of Studies in International Education, 2007
Globalization and internationalization are related but not the same thing. Globalization is the context of economic and academic trends that are part of the reality of the 21st century. Internationalization includes the policies and practices undertaken by academic systems and institutions—and even individuals—to cope with the global academic environment. The motivations for internationalization include commercial advantage, knowledge and language acquisition, enhancing the curriculum with international content, and many others. Specific initiatives such as branch campuses, cross-border collaborative arrangements, programs for international students, establishing English-medium programs and degrees, and others have been put into place as part of internationalization. Efforts to monitor international initiatives and ensure quality are integral to the international higher education environment.
IJARW, 2025
This literature review synthesizes existing research to examine the multifaceted landscape of internationalization in higher education. It explores the challenges and opportunities institutions face in adapting to an increasingly interconnected world. Key challenges include adapting institutional structures, addressing student mobility issues, navigating cultural and linguistic barriers, and securing sustainable funding. Simultaneously, internationalization offers opportunities such as enhanced global competitiveness, fostered research collaborations, heightened cultural exchange, and innovative educational models. The synthesis also considers the ethical dimensions of internationalization, emphasizing the need for equity, reciprocity, and respect for cultural diversity. Future research should focus on long-term impacts, ethical considerations, and the development of metrics that holistically capture the individual, institutional, and societal effects. This review provides insights for institutions seeking to effectively navigate the complexities of internationalization and capitalize on its transformative potential.