Modeling of Hysteresis Losses in Ferromagnetic Laminations under Mechanical Stress (original) (raw)
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Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2014
We propose a simplified dynamic hysteresis model for the prediction of magnetization behavior of electrical steel up to high frequencies, taking into account the skin effect. This model has the advantage of predicting the hysteresis loop and loss behavior versus frequency with the same accuracy provided by the Dynamic Preisach Model with a largely reduced computational burden. It is here compared to experimental results obtained in Fe-Si laminations under sinusoidal flux up to 2 kHz.
A Novel Hysteresis Core Loss Model for Magnetic Laminations
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2011
A general dynamic hysteresis core loss model has been developed. Experimental data for different lamination thicknesses have been measured and analyzed at various frequencies. Based on the analysis, a dynamic hysteresis finite element core loss model is established and validated by experiments. The developed dynamic hysteresis model is simple and efficient, and has been shown to be very accurate compared with the experiments. Moreover, the model can calculate core losses based on the input parameters obtained from experimental measurements at only one single frequency in a thin lamination. The model, to our best knowledge, is the first one that is capable of calculating core losses for different thicknesses of materials and different operating frequencies, without a massive experimental database. In addition, only the eddy current and hysteresis models are necessary for this calculation but with the important addition of the variation of the flux density within the lamination.
Journal of Applied Physics, 1997
Dynamic hysteresis loop shapes and magnetic power losses are studied in nonoriented Fe-Si laminations exhibiting significant excess losses. Measurements are carried out under controlled sinusoidal induction in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1.6 kHz, at various peak inductions from 0.25 to 1.5 T. Excess losses are found to obey a f 3/2 law up to frequencies of 200-400 Hz, depending on peak induction. Beyond this limit, definite deviations are observed, due to eddy current shielding. Detailed information on the flux and field distribution in this high frequency regime is obtained by finite element solutions of Maxwell equations employing the dynamic Preisach model to describe quasi-static hysteresis and dynamic wall processes. The agreement between theoretical predictions and measurements is discussed.
A multiscale model for magneto-elastic behaviour including hysteresis effects
Archive of Applied Mechanics, 2014
Magnetic and mechanical behaviour are strongly coupled: an applied stress modifies the magnetic behaviour, and on the other hand, magnetic materials undergo a magnetisation-induced strain known as the magnetostriction strain. These coupling effects play a significant role on the overall performance of electromagnetic devices such as magnetostrictive transducers or high-performance electric machines. In order to provide engineers with accurate design tools, magneto-elastic effects must be included into constitutive laws for magnetic materials. The origin of the magneto-elastic coupling lies in the competitive contributions of stress and magnetic field to the definition of magnetic domain configurations in magnetic materials. The magnetic domain scale is then suitable to describe magneto-elastic interactions, and this is the reason why multiscale approaches based on a micro-mechanical description of magnetic domain structures have been developed in the last decades. We propose in this paper an extension of a previous anhysteretic multiscale model in order to consider hysteresis effects. This new irreversible model is fully multiaxial and allows the description of typical hysteresis and butterfly loops and the calculation of magnetic losses as a function of external magneto-mechanical loadings. It is notably shown that the use of a configuration demagnetising effect related to the initial domain configuration enables to capture the non-monotony of the effect of stress on the magnetic susceptibility. This configuration demagnetising effect is also relevant to describe the effects of stress on hysteresis losses and coercive field.
Magnetic hysteresis in plastically deformed low-carbon steel laminations
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2007
Interstitial-free (IF) low carbon steel laminations have been subjected to plastic deformation either by tensile straining or cold rolling and their magnetic hysteresis behavior has been investigated for permanent elongation up to approximately 6%. Weaker magnetic hardening is observed, for a given strain level, in the cold-rolled (CR) materials, an effect chiefly ascribed to a more favorable profile of the residual stresses. Cold rolling leads to more homogeneous distribution of the internal compressive and tensile stresses compared to deformation by tension, and this results in a more uniform domain structure and softer magnetic behavior.
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000
A viscous-type dynamic hysteresis model (DHM) that is compatible with any static hysteresis model is described. In contrast to existing dynamic models, the DHM is characterized by fixed desired properties over an infinite frequency range and provides the possibility of changing the shape of the steady-state hysteresis loop. The way the DHM is combined with Maxwell equations makes it possible for the first time to separate all three components of the total loss in conducting ferromagnetic laminations. These are the static hysteresis loss, classical eddy-current loss, and the excess loss treated as a dynamic hysteresis component. The study of their frequency dependencies opens a possibility of accurate iron loss prediction based on the loss separation principle.
The role of material parameters and mechanical stresses on magnetic and magnetostrictive hysteresis
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 1999
The proposed micromagnetic model (Voltairas et al., Int. J. Engng. Sci., accepted for publication) is extended to account for shearing strains. We assume that the ferromagnetic material is a single cubic crystal, the magnetization reverses coherently and the strains are uniform. The equilibrium "eld equations are derived from the free energy functional. The role of the material parameters and the applied stresses (inverse magnetostriction ewect) on the magnetization and magnetostriction curves is examined in detail. (C.V. Massalas) 0304-8853/99/$ -see front matter 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 0 4 -8 8 5 3 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 4 2 6 -6
A new ferromagnetic hysteresis model for soft magnetic composite materials
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2011
A new ferromagnetic hysteresis model for soft magnetic composite materials based on their specific properties is presented. The model relies on definition of new anhysteretic magnetization based on the Cauchy-Lorentz distribution describing the maximum energy state of magnetic moments in material. Specific properties of soft magnetic composite materials (SMC) such as the presence of the bonding material, different sizes and shapes of the Fe particles, level of homogeneity of the Fe particles at the end of the SMC product treatment, and achieved overall material density during compression, are incorporated in both the anhysteretic differential magnetization susceptibility and the irreversible differential magnetization susceptibility. Together they form the total differential magnetization susceptibility that defines the new ferromagnetic hysteresis model. Genetic algorithms are used to determine the optimal values of the proposed model parameters. The simulated results show good agreement with the measured results.
Non-invasive local magnetic hysteresis characterization of a ferromagnetic laminated core
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
An alternative sensing solution is described to measure local magnetic hysteresis cycles through a laminated magnetic core. Due to the reduced space gap separating two successive laminations, it is impossible to interpose the usual oversize magnetic sensors (wound coil, Halleffect sensor). In this study, the space issue has been solved by printing the needle probe method for the magnetic state monitoring and by using a micrometric Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) for the magnetic excitation measurement. An instrumented magnetic lamination including the non-invasive monitoring solution has been built and moved successively to every lamination position of the whole laminated ferromagnetic core. A precise cartography of the hysteresis losses has been reconstructed from all these local measurements and the average values compared to the classic measurement methods obtained with a wound coil. The relative agreement between the experimental results observed opened doors to large improvement in the estimation of magnetic losses and in the design of magnetic circuits.
Special Issue of COMPEL, “Selected Papers from the 20th Symposium on Electromagnetic Phenomena in Nonlinear Circuits”, 2009
Purpose -For efficient magnetic field calculations in electrical machines, the hysteresis and losses in laminated electrical steel must be modeled in a simple and reliable way. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and discuss the potential of a simple complex-permeability model. Design/methodology/approach -A frequency dependent complex-permeability model as well as a more detailed model (describing hysteresis, classical eddy current effects, and excess losses separately) are compared to single-sheet measurements on laminated electrical steel. It is discussed under which circumstances the simple complex-m model is an adequate substitute for the more detailed model. Findings -A satisfactory agreement of the simple complex-m model was found with both detailed model and measurements, improving with increasing frequencies. This is true not only for the effective permeability function, but holds also for the detailed H-B characteristics (hysteresis). Originality/value -It is demonstrated that the complex-m model is a reliable and convenient starting point for the estimation of flux distribution and losses in complicated magnetic core geometries.