Experimental Test Campaign on a Battery Electric Vehicle: On-Road Test Results (Part 2) (original) (raw)
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World Electric Vehicle Journal
Until battery technology makes a leap, shortage of range is by far the greatest flaw in electric vehicle technology that is otherwise very effective and promising. However, energy use is also highly dependent on duty cycles, driving conditions and traffic situation. Furthermore, cabin heating in an EV will not be supported by energy losses as in an ICE-car. Therefore, actual range can differ substantially in real-life situations, and can be much shorter than the official figures given by the manufacturers. Project RekkEVidde is aiming at drafting a testing scheme to address EV driving in Nordic conditions, and produce realistic range estimates for the consumers to help them understand and make better use of this raising technology. Initial laboratory testing was imposed on a Citroën C-Zero EV using multiple different driving cycles and testing also at-20 °C, not just the normal ambient. First review of the results in this paper shows that the energy consumption was raised on average some 30 % at low ambient, resulting to a 15 to 30 % shorter range. This was due to only increasing the air drag component according to increase in air density, but further on-road testing will also give us more information on increase of rolling resistance because of snow and ice packed on road surface. Furthermore, use of cabin heating was not included in these numbers. Should it be turned on, the range will be further shortened as much as 50 % in slow-speed urban driving.
Battery Electric Vehicle Efficiency Test for Various Velocities
Vehicles, 2022
Since battery electric vehicle (BEV) sales are increasing, the calculation of necessary electric power supply, and energy consumption data, and vehicle range is important. The Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) currently in use can deliver data to collect comparable energy consumption data for different vehicles on defined chassis dynamometer test cycles. Nevertheless, the energy consumption and so the range of BEVs are also dependent on the individual trajectory of the user. Therefore, five velocity profiles are developed in this work. The maximum speeds are based on typical velocities in German city traffic and extra-urban traffic. The energy required to finish a single velocity profile is assumed to be constant despite varying maximum velocities. With this kind of driving profiles it is possible to create an individual and more precise statement on the energy consumption and the range of a BEV. In this work, the profiles are driven on a chassis dynamometer ...
2013 World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS27), 2013
Shortage of range is by far the greatest flaw in current electric vehicle technology. Furthermore, energy use is also highly dependent on duty cycles, driving conditions and traffic situation. Additionally, cabin heating in an EV will not be supported by energy losses as in an ICE-car. Therefore, actual range can differ substantially in real-life situations, and can be much shorter than the official figures given by the manufacturers. Project RekkEVidde is aiming at drafting a testing scheme to address EV driving in Nordic conditions, and produce realistic range estimates for the consumers to help them understand this raising technology and make successful purchase decisions. Both in-laboratory and field testing in actual winter weather conditions has been performed with almost all publicly available electric vehicles. The outcome of the project is a confirmation that in Nordic climate the adverse driving conditions and especially thermal management of the cabin for adequate driving comfort will seriously shorten the range. Therefore, additional testing to reflect this is definitely needed to complement the official regulatory test. However, it may not have to be very complex, as the testing workshop held in Northern Sweden proved. Already steady-speed driving with heater on and logging the cabin temperatures and energy consumption from the CAN-bus can provide valuable information on how the vehicle can perform in cold climate.
Comparison of Mileage Fuel Consumption with the Natural Operation of the Three Different Cycles
Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport, 2014
In the automotive industry in the world continuously being sought universal driving cycle. The test should closely match the fuel consumption and emissions of toxins in the fumes of the test vehicle in its real operating conditions [4]. However, in the previously developed solid driving tests established velocity profiles differ significantly from actual driving conditions. The difference in fuel consumption, comparing the natural operation of the NEDC test reaches an average of 18%. The new version of the driving cycle should be more realistic to the everyday use of additional equipment and gadgets that are installed in modern vehicles [1]. The impact on fuel consumption by vehicles may be conditioned not only by its size and weight, but also by the geometry of the track motion, forces causing the motion and the forces acting on the car when driving on curved tracks. The vehicle encounters and overcomes all the forces that act on it while driving-resistance movement. In the energy intake through the vehicle runs in the motor changes at the expense of the energy of fuel consumed. The driving force performs work on a given stretch of road balancing (predominant) friction. On the basis of the calculated resistance movement and the energy consumption of the movement in the selected object was a comparison of the actual consumption of fuel in the vehicle with the ignition spark. Analysis was performed and found differences in three cycles: urban, extra-urban and combined.
Energetic, environmental and economic performance of electric vehicles: Experimental evaluation
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2015
Fuelled by a rapidly rising human global population, an increasing demand for freedom to travel and the affordability made possible by modern manufacturing there has been an exponential rise in the number of automobiles -in the year 2013 there were in excess of a billion automobiles in use! Three factors that are of serious concern are the consequential energetic, environmental and economic impacts. One solution that is being seen by a number of national governments is the advent (or rather re-introduction) of electric vehicles (EVs). However, one of the key factors that will need to be explored will be the source of the required electricity for the EVs that will define the level of their sustainability.
1998
The Total Energy Cycle Assessment of Electric and Conventional Vehicles: An Energy and Environmental Analysis is a four volume report. Volume I: Technical Report contains the major results, a discussion of the conceptual framework of the study, and summaries of the vehicle, utility, fuel production, and manufacturing analyses. It also contains summaries of comments provided by external peer reviewers and brief responses to these comments. Volume 11: Appendices AD to Technical Report contains additional details on the vehicle, utiiity, and materials analyses and discusses several details of the methodology. Volume III: Appendix E to Technical Report, Comprehensive EYlTECA Results Tables presents the results of the total energy cycle model runs, which are summarized in Volume I. Volume IV: Peer Review Comments on
A new method to determine electric vehicle range in real driving conditions
International Journal of Vehicle Performance
The main goal of this paper is the development of a method that allows a control system to determine the electric vehicle (EV) driving range within the highest precision. The methodology has been developed for real driving conditions taking into account not only the kind of driving but also the road characteristics and the driving operational mode. Battery capacity change with discharge has been considered for the available energy. A simulation process has been developed to reproduce the driving characteristics of a daily trip considering the dynamic conditions and vehicle characteristics such as size, shape and mass. Five different driving modes are included in the study, acceleration, deceleration, constant speed, ascent and descent. Specific software has been developed to predict electric vehicle range under real driving conditions as a function of the characteristic parameters of a daily trip.
Design and Assessment of Electric Vehicle Performance Parameters based on Drive Cycle
ITM Web of Conferences, 2021
Electric vehicle plays a significant role, in the future transportation across the world. EV has the potential to reduce air pollution and emission of Greenhouse gasses significantly compared to the existing fossil-fuel-based vehicles. Even though substantial progress can be expected in the area of embarked energy storage technologies, charging infrastructure, customer acceptance of Electric Vehicles is still limited due to the problems of Driving range anxiety and long battery charging time. We can solve most of these problems with the infrastructure development ,optimum sizing and design of the vehicle components and extensive study on vehicle dynamics under various real-time driving conditions. This research focuses on the Matlab software based co-simulation of Electric Vehicle system, including the battery pack and motor, to predict the vehicle performance parameters like driving range, efficiency, power requirement, and energy characteristics under different driving scenarios. ...