Drive-style emission testing on conventional and hybrid vehicles to measure real road transport emissions (original) (raw)
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Drive-style emissions testing on the latest two Honda hybrid technologies
European Transport Research Review, 2009
Introduction Hybrid technology is seen by many as a potential solution to reduce vehicle emissions in cities. However type approval tests of hybrid vehicles measure emission levels comparable to those of conventional cars in the same market segment. It has been argued that type approval tests do not represent the reality of emission in cities therefore, to quantify the real emission of hybrids and to compare them with those of conventional vehicles in the same conditions, an emission measurement campaign was organised. Acquisition campaign Three Honda cars, one conventional (the Civic 2.0) and two hybrids (the Civic IMA and the Civic Hybrid), equipped to collect emissions as well as the engine and vehicle working parameters were driven three times by twenty drivers on the same urban route. Drivers were asked to drive normally and not requested to do anything special but to scrupulously follow the given itinerary. Results Two main results were obtained: average and maximum emission levels for the three cars are quantified; the effects of the drivers on such levels assessed. The conventional car (with two people and 250 kg of measurement tools onboard) consumes an average of 12.6 l/100 km, its CO2 emissions range between 200 g/km and 300 g/km with an average of 260 g/km. CO emissions range between 0.25 g/km and 6.25 g/km (Euro IV limit is 1 g/km) with an average of 2 g/km. The most recent of the two tested hybrids consume in average 8.23 l/100 km and emits between 150 and 230 g/km of CO2 with an average of about 180 g/km; it emits virtually no CO in the majority of cases but can reach up to 1.8 g/km and average CO emissions are about 0.2 g/km. The hybrid performs always better than the conventional; in terms of CO2 and consumption it can have up to a 30% reduction and in terms of CO up to 90% reduction. Conclusions The wideness of the measured ranges depends mostly on the drivers. Women tend to consume and emit less than men. The reason for this is the different way they use the accelerator pedal; they push it less and keep it steadier. In other word the standard deviation of the accelerator position (or throttle) is lower. It is here shown how a correlation exist between the throttle standard deviation and the emissions which justify using such parameter as the indicator of drive-style.
Energies
Air pollution is a major concern, particularly in developing countries. Road transport and mobile sources are considered the root causes of air pollutants. With the implementation of zero-carbon and zero-energy concepts at the district scale, cities can make great strides towards sustainable development. Urban planning schemes are moving from mere building solutions to the larger positive energy district (PED) scale. Alongside other technology systems in PEDs, increased uptake of electro-mobility solutions can play an important role in CO2 mitigation at the district level. This paper aims to quantify the exhaust emissions of six conventional and two fully hybrid vehicles using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) in real driving conditions. The fuel consumption and exhaust pollutants of the conventional and hybrid vehicles were compared in four different urban and highway driving routes during autumn 2019 in Iran. The results showed that hybrid vehicles presented lower fuel...
Vehicles Emissions Under Different Driving Conditions in Urban Areas
Revista de Chimie
The road traffic is one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution in urban areas. This study aims to identify the emissions level for different driving regimes of diesel-powered vehicles that run into urban areas. The study has been performed in laboratory conditions and simulates various driving modes. This paper investigates the effects of vehicle speed, fuel consumption, acceleration, vehicle load on gaseous pollutant emissions (NOx, CO2, CO). The different pollution levels with smoke are also analyzed between idling regimes (maximum opacity index for fast acceleration between minimum and maximum speed) and different loads. The paper states some recommendations concerning the optimal operating regimes of the cars in urban areas, based on the conclusions on the measured levels of pollution.
Influences of special driving situations on emissions of passenger cars
Combustion Engines
Testing of real driving emissions (RDE) offers the opportunity to collect the data about the emissions in special driving, or non-driving situations. These situations are: cold start, warm-up of the engine, stop & go and idling. In the present work, the definitions of the special driving situations were proposed, the emissions of 7 passenger cars (gasoline & Diesel) were extracted from the present RDE data and some special driving situations, particularly the stop & go operation with varying share of idling were reproduced on chassis dynamometer. As expected, the emissions of CO, NOx and PN are in the cold start and in the first part of the warm-up phase (c.a. 25s) considerably higher than in the rest of the investigated urban phase. The singular emitting situations like “stop & go” or idling occur frequently in the warm-up phase, i.e. in the city operation when the engine and the exhaust system are still not warm enough.
Energies, 2022
Road transport is a relevant source of greenhouse gas emissions. In order to meet the European decarbonisation targets, the share of electrified vehicles, including battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), is rapidly growing, becoming the second most popular powertrain in the European market. PHEVs are of interest since they are expected to deliver a reduction in gaseous pollutants such as NOx as well as in greenhouse gases such as CO2. Herein, we explored both categories of emissions for three PHEVs with gasoline direct-injection engines, meeting the latest European emission standards (Euro 6d and Euro 6d-TEMP). They were studied in laboratory and on the road, in different modalities and temperatures. All tested vehicles met the Euro 6 emission limits in the Worldwide Harmonised Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) and the real driving emissions (RDE) test procedure. Still, when their internal combustion engine ignited even for a few km, their em...
2016
Air pollution is becoming an important issue in big towns, in particular in city centres, where the density of traffic is high. Both, passenger cars and commercial vehicles are responsible for air quality. In the last decades more and more transportation companies changed their conventional vehicles into any kind of alternative vehicles. The aim of this paper is to investigate the economic and environmental effects of introducing alternative fuels and powertrains in cargo vans. All of the simulated vehicles were equipped with internal combustion engines, but they are operating with different fuels. Gasoline, methane, ethanol and hydrogen fuels are used in these engine models. Conventional and hybrid powertrains are compared too. Only the gasoline fuelled engine is simulated with hybrid driveline besides the conventional ones. Both micro- and full-hybrid vehicles are modelled. Instead of dynamical analysis we focused on efficiency and emission therefore tests drive cycles were simula...
Driving style and traffic measures-influence on vehicle emissions and fuel consumption
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2004
This paper describes the influence on vehicle emissions and energy consumption of different vehicle parameters and driving style as well as of traffic measures taken in order to increase transport safety or to reduce traffic jams. This should allow the Flemish Regional Government to perform more realistic modelling of the impact of transport on air pollution. The methodology is based on on-road measurements, roll-bench emission tests, vehicle simulations and regional emission modelling (for the Flemish Region, which encompasses the northern part of Belgium and is one of three entities that constitute the Federal Kingdom of Belgium). A vehicle simulation programme (VSP) has assisted in the assessment of the individual vehicle parameters (weight, gear shifts, tyre pressure, etc.). Different drive styles (sportive, EcoDriving, etc.) were measured on-road and evaluated on a roll-bench. Typical speed profiles corresponding to different traffic measures such as roundabouts, phased traffic...