Exercise training affects age-induced changes in SOD and heat shock protein expression in rat heart (original) (raw)
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Long-term exercise training affects age-induced changes in HSP70 and apoptosis in rat heart
2008
The aim of this study was to test the effects of age and long-term exercise training on antioxidant, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression and apoptosis by comparing the hearts of sedentary and trained rats. Training groups went under 3-, 6- and 9-months of regular exercise (25 m/min with a 0% slope, 60 min/day and 6 days/week). Level of glutathione increased with age in trained and sedentary control rats but level of this factor unchanged by training. Activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (mtSOD) increased in heart homogenates of 6- and 9-months trained animals as compared with their sedentary. The rates of apoptosis were increased with age but level of apoptosis in 9-months trained group was significantly lower than corresponding sedentary. Levels of HSP70 expression were significantly decreased with age while long-term training induced marked increase in HSP70 expression levels. These results show that a long-term regular exercise affects age-induced changes in mtSOD,...
Journal of sports science & medicine, 2007
This study investigated the onset of age-related changes in the myocardial antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis and the vulnerability of the myocardium to oxidative stress following exercise training. Few studies have investigated the influence of the most prevalent life-prolonging strategy physical exercise, on the age increment alterations in the myocardial antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis at mid age and to determine whether exercise-induced antioxidant defense system could attenuate lipid peroxidation. Thirty six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to exercise trained (n = 18) and sedentary (n = 18) groups. The rats in the training group went under 12, 24 and 36 weeks of moderate exercise trainings (25 m·min(-1) for 60-min with a 0% slope). Six sedentary controls were killed together with each exercise group at the end of the training programs. Levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase (CAT) activity in myocardial homogenates were unchanged by train...
Is Physical Activity Able to Modify Oxidative Damage in Cardiovascular Aging?
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2012
Aging is a multifactorial process resulting in damage of molecules, cells, and tissues. It has been demonstrated that the expression and activity of antioxidant systems (SOD, HSPs) are modified in aging, with reduced cell ability to counteract the oxidant molecules, and consequent weak resistance to ROS accumulation. An important mechanism involved is represented by sirtuins, the activity of which is reduced by aging. Physical activity increases the expression and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, with consequent reduction of ROS. Positive effects of physical exercise in terms of antioxidant activity could be ascribable to a greater expression and activity of SOD enzymes, HSPs and SIRT1 activity. The antioxidant effects could increase, decrease, or not change in relation to the exercise protocol. Therefore, some authors by using a new approach based on the in vivo/vitro technique demonstrated that the highest survival and proliferation and the lowest senescence were obtained by performing an aerobic training. Therefore, the in vivo/vitro technique described could represent a good tool to better understand how the exercise training mediates its effects on aging-related diseases, as elderly with heart failure that represents a special population in which the exercise plays an important role in the improvement of cardiovascular function, quality of life, and survival.
Age and attenuation of exercise-induced myocardial HSP72 accumulation
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2003
Overexpression of heat shock protein (HSP)72 is associated with cardioprotection. Hyperthermia-induced HSP72 overexpression is attenuated with senescence. While exercise also increases myocardial HSP72 in young animals, it is unknown whether this effect is attenuated with aging. Therefore, we investigated the effect of aging on exercise-induced myocardial heat shock factor (HSF)-1 activation and HSP72 expression. Male Fischer-344 rats (6 or 24 mo) were randomized to control, exercise, and hyperthermic groups. Exercise consisted of 2 days of treadmill running (60 min/day, approximately 75% maximal oxygen consumption). Hyperthermia, 15 min at approximately 41 degrees C (colonic temperature), was achieved using a temperature-controlled heating blanket. Analyses included Western blotting for myocardial HSP72 and HSF-1, electromobility shift assays for HSF-1 activation, and Northern blotting for HSP72 mRNA. Exercise and hyperthermia increased (P < 0.05) myocardial HSP72 in both young ...
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2006
We investigated whether 8-week treadmill training strengthens antioxidant enzymes and decreases lipid peroxidation in rat heart. The effects of acute exhaustive exercise were also investigated. Male rats (Rattus norvegicus, Sprague-Dawley strain) were divided into trained and untrained groups. Both groups were further divided equally into two groups where the rats were studied at rest and immediately after exhaustive exercise. Endurance training consisted of treadmill running 1.5 h day − 1 , 5 days week − 1 for 8 weeks. For acute exhaustive exercise, graded treadmill running was conducted. Malondialdehyde level in heart tissue was not affected by acute exhaustive exercise in untrained and trained rats. The activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes decreased by both acute exercise and training. Glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities were not affected. Total and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activities were not affected either. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased by acute exercise in untrained rats; however, this decrease was not observed in trained rats. Our results suggested that rat heart has sufficient antioxidant enzyme capacity to cope with exercise-induced oxidative stress, and adaptive changes in antioxidant enzymes due to endurance training are limited.
The goal of this study was to distinguish the impact of regular treadmill running on age-induced altered lipid profiles in different skeletal muscle fiber types of rats. Wistar strain male albino rats of two age groups, young (3 months, n = 12) and aged/old (18 months, n = 12) were divided into two groups such as, control (Con) and exercise trained (ExT; 23 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/ week for 12-week). After completion of the last training session, lipid metabolic profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), phospholipids and malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation marker) levels were monitored in soleus (SOL), red gastrocnemius (RG) and white gastrocnemius (WG) muscle fibers of rat. The TC, TG and MDA contents were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with advancement of age, while, phospholipid content was decreased with age in all muscle fiber types. However, here we found significantly (P < 0.05) decreased TC and TG levels, and increased phospholipid contents after treadmill exercise in all muscle fiber types of aged rats. The decreased TC content was more in young muscles (WG 31%), and the increased phospholipid content was more in old muscles fibers after treadmill running compared to their respective counter age group rats. However, increased MDA levels in old muscle fibers (SOL-132.13 ± 2, RG-129 ± 2 and WG-147 ± 2.5 µmoles/g) were not attenuated by exercise training (SOL-151 ± 2.4, RG-148 ± 2.7 and WG-157 ± 3 µmoles/g) in this study. These results demonstrated that decreased TC and TG, and increased phospholipid contents by regular treadmill running might be beneficial to counteract the age-associated malfunctions in different muscle fiber types and also avoid the musculoskeletal disorders in aged rats.
2007
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training on activities and mRNA levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Cu,Zn-and Mn-superoxide dismutases (SOD), TBARS content, and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, in soleus muscle from young and aged rats. The antioxidant enzyme activities and mRNA levels were markedly increased in soleus muscle with aging. TBARS content of soleus muscle from the aged group was 8.3-fold higher as compared with that of young rats. In young rats, exercise training induced an increase of all antioxidant enzyme activities, except for Cu,Zn-SOD. XO also did not change. The TBARS content was also increased (2.9-fold) due to exercise training in soleus muscle from young rats. In aged rats, the activities of CAT, GPX and Cu,Zn-SOD in the soleus muscle did not change with the exercise training, whereas the activities of Mn-SOD (40%) and XO (27%) were decreased. The mRNA levels of Mn-SOD and CAT were decreased by 42% and 24%, respectively, in the trained group. Exercise training induced a significant decrease of TBARS content (81%) in the soleus muscle from aged rats. These findings support the proposition that exercise training presents an antioxidant stress effect on skeletal muscle from both young and aged rats.
Oxidative Stress and Aging: Role of Exercise and Its Influences on Antioxidant Systems
Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, 1998
Strenuous exercise is characterized by an increased oxygen consumption and disturbance of intracellular prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. At least three biochemical pathways, that is, mitochondrial electron transport chain, xanthine oxidase, and polymorphoneutrophil have been identified as potential sources of intracellular free radical generation during exercise. These deleterious reactive oxygen species pose a serious threat to the cellular antioxidant defense system, such as diminished reserve of antioxidant vitamins and glutathione, and have been shown to cause oxidative damage in exercising and/or exercised muscle and other tissues. However, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants have demonstrated great versatility and adaptability in response to acute and chronic exercise. The delicate balance between prooxidants and antioxidants during exercise may be altered with aging. Study of the complicated interaction between aging and exercise under the influence of reactive oxygen species would provide more definitive information as to how much aged individuals should be involved in physical activity and whether supplementation of nutritional antioxidants would be desirable.
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2000
Both regular physical exercise and low levels of H 2 O 2 administration result in increased resistance to oxidative stress. We measured the accumulation of reactive carbonyl derivatives and the activities of proteasome complex and DT-diaphorase in cardiac muscle of trained and untrained rats after chronic i.p. administration of 1 ml t-butyl H 2 O 2 (1 mmol/kg for 3 weeks every second day). Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to a control group administered with saline, control administered with H 2 O 2 , and exercised administered either saline or H 2 O 2 . The activity of DTdiaphorase significantly increased in H 2 O 2 administered and exercised groups, indicating that an increase in H 2 O 2 levels stimulate the activity of this enzyme. The cardiac muscle of H 2 O 2 administered nonexercised animals accumulated significantly more carbonyl than control group (P < 0.05). The exercise and H 2 O 2 administration resulted in less oxidatively modified protein than found in nonexercised groups (P < 0.05). The peptide-like activity of proteasome complex was induced by the treatment of H 2 O 2 and exercise and exercise potentiate the effect of H 2 O 2 . On the other hand, the chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like activities were stimulated only by physical training and H 2 O 2 administration. The data suggest that chronic administration of H 2 O 2 after exercise training decreases the accumulation of carbonyl groups below the steady-state level and induces the activity of proteasome and DT-diaphorase. Hence, the stimulating effect of physical exercise on free radical generation is an important phenomenon of the exercise-induced adaptation process since it increases resistance to oxidative stress. Regular exercise training is a valuable physiological means of preconditioning the myocardium to prolonged oxidative stress.