Preliminary remarks on option pricing and dynamic hedging (original) (raw)

Option Pricing And Hedging For Stock Prices With Discrete Jumps And Stochastic Intensity Rate

anson.ucdavis.edu

We show that it is possible to avoid the discrepancies of continuous path models for stock prices and still be able to hedge options if one uses birth and death models. One needs the stock and another market traded derivative to hedge an option in this setting. However, unlike in continuous models, the number of extra traded derivatives required for hedging does not go up with the introduction of stochastic intensity. We derive the results explicitly when the intensity rate follows a two state Markov process and outline ways of generalizing this to other models for the evolution of the intensity rate. We establish the risk-neutral measure and describe the algorithm for inverting option prices to get values of the unknown parameters in the model. We show that one needs to use filtering equations for updating parameter values and present those equations for the general case.

The Hypotheses Underlying the Pricing of Options

This paper gives a critical investigation on the hypotheses underlying the pricing of options. Even in recent articles on this subject many authors overlook the gaps in the original proof of the Black-Scholes option pricing formula, so the main goal of this note is to clarify firstly under which assumptions the formula remains true, and secondly repeat a correct proof of the mentioned formula. Probably this is justified by the fact that up to date even many text-books on this subject reproduce the wrong argumentation using erroneously the Black-Scholes hedge portfolio : obviously they missed the fact, that contrary to the claim of Black-Scholes, the change in value of the hedge portfolio in a short time interval is not riskless, an observation which was - as far as I know - firstly done by Y. Z. Bergman in his PH.D. Thesis, Berkeley 1982 and later on independently by W. Boge in Heidelberg in 1993.

HEDGING BY SEQUENTIAL REGRESSION: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MATHEMATICS OF OPTION TRADING

1989

It is widely acknowledge that there has been a major breakthrough in the mathematical theory of option trading. This breakthrough, which is usually sum- marized by the Black-Scholes formula, has generated a lot of excitement and a certain mystique. On the mathematical side, it involves advanced probabilistic techniques from martingale theory and stochastic calculus which are accessible only to a

Option Pricing & Partial Hedging: Theory of Polish Options

The twin problems of hedging and pricing of options in discrete-time markets are analyzed. We consider trading strategies consisting of one stock and one bond. The bond price rises deterministically over time while the stock price can change in several (more than two) ways at each instant of trading. Given such stock price movements, perfect hedging is not possible, and arbitrage arguments alone are not su cient. We determine hedging and bid and ask prices by balancing expected gain against risk. Using a recent approach of Bouchaud and Sornette, we work out in detail the case where the mean rate of return of the stock di ers from that of the bond. We identify a new kind of strategy open to operators that are su ciently insensitive to risk. We nd a candidate for market price of risky options, which reduces to the Black-Scholes prescription when risk can be eliminated. We report on data on stock price movements on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, and show that they are well described by a simple model where prices on each day can either increase, decrease or stay the same. We work out the details of the option pricing and hedging problems in this case.

Dynamic hedging in a volatile market

2003

Abstract: In financial markets, errors in option hedging can arise from two sources. First, the option value is a nonlinear function of the underlying; therefore, hedging is instantaneous and hedging with discrete rebalancing gives rise to error. Frequent rebalancing can be ...

On the Nature of Options

2000

We consider the role of options when markets in its underlying asset are frictionless and when this underlying has a volatility process and jump arrival rates which are arbitrarily stochastic. By combining a static option position with a particular dynamic hedging strategy, we characterize the option’s time value as the (risk-neutral) expected benefit from being able to buy or sell one share of the underlying at the option’s strike whenever the strike price is crossed. The buy/sell decision can be based on the post jump price, so that a rational investor buys on rises and sells on drops. Thus, an option provides liquidity at its strike even when the market doesn’t. We next present two methods for extending this local liquidity to every price between the pre and post jump level. The first method involves holding a continuum of options of all strikes. The second method holds one option, but adjusts the dynamic hedging strategy. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each appro...

A jump telegraph model for option pricing

Quantitative Finance, 2007

In this paper we introduce a financial market model based on continuous time random motions with alternating constant velocities and with jumps occurring when the velocity switches. If jump directions are in the certain correspondence with the velocity directions of the underlying random motion with respect to the interest rate, the model is free of arbitrage. The replicating strategies for options are constructed in details. Closed form formulas for the option prices are obtained.

Options Pricing in Jump Diffusion Markets during Financial Crisis

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences, 2013

In this paper, we suggest a jump diffusion model in markets during financial crisis. Using risk-neutral pricing, we derive a partial differential equation (P.D.E.) for the prices of European options. We find a closed form solution of the P.D.E. in the particular case where the stock price is too large. Then, we use such a solution as a boundary condition in the numerical treatment of the P.D.E. for any range of stock price. The numerical method adopted is the unconditionally stable Crank-Nicolson method. Illustrative examples are presented.

1 Arbitrage Hedging Strategy and One More Explanation of the Volatility Smile

2016

We present an explicit hedging strategy, which enables to prove arbitrageness of market incorporating at least two assets depending on the same random factor. The implied Black-Scholes volatility, computed taking into account the form of the graph of the option price, related to our strategy, demonstrates the "skewness" inherent to the observational data.