Intra-amniotic inflammation predicts microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity but not spontaneous preterm delivery in preterm prelabor membrane rupture (original) (raw)
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Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2012
Objective: To analyse whether intraamniotic inflammation in response to bacteria is different below and above gestational age 32 weeks in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: A prospective study was performed, and 115 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM at gestational ages between 24 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks were included in the study. Transabdominal amniocenteses were performed. Amniotic fluid was analysed using polymerase chain reactions for genital mycoplasmas and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The concentrations of 26 proteins in the amniotic fluid were determined simultaneously using multiplex technology. Results: Bacteria were found in the amniotic fluid of 43% (49/115) of the women. The women were stratified into two subgroups according to gestational age 32 weeks. The amniotic fluid levels of four (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, CC chemokine ligands 2, and 3) and one specific (CC chemokine ligands 2) proteins were higher in women with the presence of bacteria in the amniotic fluid below and above 32 gestational weeks, respectively. Conclusions: An intraamniotic inflammatory response to bacteria in pregnancies complicated by PPROM seems to be different below and above 32 weeks of gestation.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2003
Objective-Idiopathic vaginal bleeding, a common complication of pregnancy, increases the risk of SGA neonate, pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery and can be the only clinical manifestation of intra-amniotic infection and/or inflammation (IAI). Placenta previa is thought to be protective against ascending intrauterine infection, yet an excess of histologic chorioamnionitis has been reported in this condition. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical significance of IAI in women with placenta previa and vaginal bleeding in the absence of preterm labor.
Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 2000
Introduction-Intra-amniotic inflammation is traditionally defined as an elevation of amniotic fluid interleukin (IL)-6. Previous case control studies have suggested an association between an elevated midtrimester amniotic fluid IL-6 and preterm delivery, although such an association has been recently challenged. Intra-amniotic inflammation can also be defined by an elevation of the T-cell chemokine, Interferongamma-inducible protein (IP)-10. An elevation in amniotic fluid IP-10 has been associated with chronic chorioamnionitis, a lesion frequently found in late spontaneous preterm birth and fetal death. In contrast, an elevation in amniotic fluid IL-6 is typically associated with acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between an elevation in amniotic fluid IL-6 in the midtrimester and preterm delivery at or before 32 weeks of gestation, and the amniotic fluid concentration of IP-10 and preterm delivery after 32 weeks of gestation.
Predictive value of intra-amniotic and serum markers for inflammatory lesions of preterm placenta
Placenta, 2011
Objective: To compare the relative predictive values of amniotic fluid (AF) matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) for histologic chorioamnionitis and intra-amniotic infection in women with preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Study design: This retrospective cohort study included 99 consecutive women with preterm labor or preterm PROM (21e35 weeks' gestation) who delivered within 72 h of transabdominal amniocentesis. The AF was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and for genital mycoplasmas and was assayed for MMP-9 and IL-6 levels. Maternal serum CRP was measured immediately after amniocentesis. The placentas were examined histologically. Main outcome measures: histologic chorioamnionitis and intra-amniotic infection. Results: The prevalence of histologic chorioamnionitis and a positive AF culture was 44% (44/99) and 28% (28/99), respectively. In predicting intra-amniotic infection, AF MMP-9 had a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC: 0.94 [95% CI, 0.87e0.98]) than AF IL-6 (0.87 [95% CI, 0.78e0.84]; P < 0.05) and serum CRP (0.76 [95% CI, 0.66e0.84]; P < 0.001) and a higher sensitivity and specificity than serum CRP (P < 0.01, respectively). However, in predicting histologic chorioamnionitis, there were no significant differences in AUCs among the three tests (AF MMP-9: 0.78 [95% CI, 0.68e0.85]; AF IL-6: 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66e0.84]; serum CRP: 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66e0.84]). In a sub-analysis of 71 women without intra-amniotic infection, histologic chorioamnionitis was associated with an elevated serum CRP level (P < 0.05), but not with the level of AF IL-6 or MMP-9 (P ¼ 0.232 and P ¼ 0.402, respectively). Conclusions: The AF MMP-9 has a better overall diagnostic performance than the AF IL-6 and maternal serum CRP in predicting intra-amniotic infection. However, the serum CRP level obtained up to 72 h before delivery appears to be an important marker for early identification of histologic chorioamnionitis in women without intra-amniotic infection.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2006
Elastase, a protease targeting at the degradation of intra-or extracellular proteins, is inhibited by secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI), which protects against microbial invasion. Adhesion molecules (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule--sICAM-1 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule--sVCAM-1) serve as markers of inflammation or tissue damage. We hypothesized that elevated midtrimester amniotic fluid concentrations of above substances, and decreased levels of SLPI could possibly be useful predictors of asymptomatic intra-amniotic inflammation and/or infection, eventually resulting in preterm labor and delivery. The study involved 312 women undergoing midtrimester amniocentesis. Thirteen cases, progressing to preterm delivery (<37 weeks), were matched with 21 controls (delivering >37 weeks) for age, parity, and gestational age at amniocentesis. Amniotic fluid levels of the above substances were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Only amniotic fluid ITAC and ADAM-8 levels were significantly higher (P = 0.005 and P < 0.02, respectively) in women delivering at <37 weeks than at >37 weeks. SLPI concentrations significantly increased in women going into labor without ruptured membranes irrespective of pre-or term delivery (P < 0.007, P < 0.001, respectively) and 440 MALAMITSI-PUCHNER et al.: AMNIOTIC FLUID AND PRETERM BIRTH 441 correlated with elastase (r = 0.508, P < 0.002). In conclusion, elevated midtrimester amniotic fluid levels of ITAC and ADAM-8 could predict occult infections/inflammations, possibly resulting in preterm birth.
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2013
To evaluate the maternal inflammatory response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) in women with preterm labor and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes using selected proteins in the maternal serum. A prospective cohort study. Labor ward from Salgrenska University Hospital. The evaluation of the maternal inflammatory response in the presence of MIAC in preterm labor and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. One hundred and sixteen women with preterm labor and 73 women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes between the gestational ages of 22(+0) and 33(+6) weeks. Twenty-seven maternal serum proteins were assayed by a multiple immunoassay. The maternal serum inflammatory response was evaluated according to the presence of MIAC. Data were stratified by gestational age. There were few differences in the maternal serum protein levels when MIAC was present in both preterm labor and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. In preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, highe...
Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and preterm delivery: a review*1
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2000
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Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2021
Introduction: Amniotic fluid (AF) interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration has been associated to preterm delivery and perinatal morbidity and mortality in women with preterm labor and intact membranes. Nevertheless, the clinical significance of this biomarker of intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) is still unclear due in part to the paucity of large studies. Methods: AF IL-6 concentrations were determined in 452 consecutive women with preterm labor and intact membranes, categorized into 3 groups: 302 without IAI (IL-6 of <2.6 ng/mL), 64 with mild IAI (IL-6 of 2.6–11.2 ng/mL), and 86 with severe IAI (IL-6 of ≥11.3 ng/mL). Results: The severe IAI group had a short pregnancy duration from amniocentesis to delivery (median 3 days) than in without IAI group (median 45 days); meanwhile, the mild IAI group had a latency that was intermediate to the severe and without IAI groups (median 9.5 days). As compared to women without IAI, women with mild and severe IAI had higher rates of preterm deliv...