Asian and Non-Asian Attitudes Toward Rape, Sexual Harassment, and Sexuality (original) (raw)
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Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1996
Seven hundred and two (346 non-Asian, 356 Asian) undergraduate volunteers were assessed in a confidential laboratory setting on levels of interpersonal sexual behavior (e.g., pettin~ intercourse), intrapersonal sexual behavior (e.g., fantasy, masturbation), and sociosexual restrictiveness (e.g., lifetime number of partners, number of "onenight stands"). The purpose was to examine possible differences in sexual behavior between Asian and non-Asian Canadian university students and to determine the association between North American residency and the sexual behavior of Asians. The role of gender on sexual behavior both across and within ethnic groups was also examined. Statistical analyses revealed that Asian students were significant~ more conservative than non-Asian students on all measures of interpersonal sexual behavior and sociosexual restrictiveness. Significant dtfferences were also noted between Asian and non-Asian students on most measures of intrapersonal sexual behavior, l~th the exception of two fantasy items, length of residency in Canada was unrelated to interpersonal sexual behavior, intrapersonal sexual behavior, or sociosexual restrictiveness among Asians. Although gender differences were substantial for intrapersonal sexual behaviors such as fantasy and masturbation, no significant gender differences were found for measures of interpersonal sexual experience, with the exception of reported number of one-night stands.
Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2012
Asian Americans have been understudied with respect to sexuality and rape and its contributory factors. Some attitudinal research has shown that Asian American college males tend to hold more rape-supportive beliefs than their White counterparts. Generally, this research treats ethnicity as a proxy for culture rather than examining specific facets of culture per se. The current study incorporated measures of misogynistic beliefs, acculturation, and ethnic identity to investigate these ethnic differences in rape-supportive attitudes. White (n = 222) and Asian American (n = 155) college men read an acquaintance rape vignette and evaluated it on four judgments: how much they blamed the perpetrator and the victim, how credible they viewed the victim's refusal, and to what degree they defined the event as rape. Consistent with previous research, Asian American men made more rape-supportive judgments than Whites. This relationship was partially mediated by misogynistic beliefs for all judgments except the extent to which they defined the vignette as rape. Among Asian Americans, acculturation was negatively associated with all four rape vignette judgments above and beyond generational status, and ethnic identity was positively associated with two of the four judgments above and beyond acculturation and generational status. These findings suggest that cultural constructs are relevant to understanding rape-supportive attitudes among Asian American men, and may be useful for promoting culturally enhanced theoretical models of rape and sexual assault pre-vention efforts, as well as a deeper understanding of cultural influences on sexuality.
Perception of Sexual Violence Against Women in Asian American Communitie
The study was a cross-sectional survey using a convenient sample of 186 respondents to examine the perception of sexual violence against women and help-seeking responses to sexual victimization among four Asian groups; Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Southeast Asian (Cambodian, Laotians, and Vietnamese). The authors examined respondents’ perception of the severity of the problem of sexual violence against women for Asian American populations, the perceived relationships between perpetrators and victims, the preferred preventive measures, and help-seeking responses. Findings indicated a split opinion among the four Asian groups regarding the perceived severity of the problem. There was a perceived insignificant role of family members in inflicting sexual violence, a general tendency of not choosing an immediate, confrontative stance against the perpetrator to stop sexual violence, and a preference to utilize help from the private domain in situations of sexual victimization. In addition, findings of the study supported the role of shame in deterring individuals from seeking outside professional help and demonstrated the existence of inter-group differences among various ethnic groups. At the same time, findings of the study raise important questions pertaining to the role of family members in sexual victimization of women, changing perceptions, inter-group differences, and the importance of localized knowledge in generating intervention efforts. In addition, findings of the study challenge a simplistic view of the reluctance of Asian American populations to utilize outside professional help. Implications for developing culturally relevant interventions for prevention and treatment as well as future research are discussed.
This study examined the cross-cultural differences of American and Asian undergraduate college students’ perceptions of sexual harassment in conversational appropriateness and effectiveness. We also examined cultural and gender differences between the two groups of students. The results were mixed and indicated that Asian and American students did not differ that much in their perceptions of sexual harassment in conversational appropriateness and conversational effectiveness. The regression analyses indicated that conversational appropriateness was more predictive of conversational effectiveness for both groups than conversational appropriateness.
Culture-specific models of men's sexual aggression: Intra- and interpersonal determinants
Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2000
The role of intra-and interpersonal variables was examined in samples of Asian American (N = 91) and European American (N = 377) men. A path model for Asian American men suggested 2 interpersonal paths and 1 intra personal path to sexual aggression. For Asian Americans, concern about social standing is a risk faaor among those who hold misogynous beliefs and who use alcohol before sex. Concern about the negative reputational impaa of sexual aggression is a protective fador among Asian Americans who do not hold these negative attitudes. A European American model suggested only an intrapersonal path to sexual aggression consisting of misogynous beliefs, with interpersonal variables not being predictive of sexual aggression. These results suggest both individualist and colleaivist determinants of Asian American sexual aggression, whereas only individualist determinants were found for European American sexual aggression. .sexual aggression. Asian Americans. colleaivism .individualism. loss of face .path analysis .
Comparing predictors of sexual harassment proclivity between Japanese and U.S. Men
Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2009
The authors report on data showing evidence of both similarities and differences between Japanese and U.S. men regarding sexual harassment. Data indicate that there is substantial overlap in the traits and beliefs that predict a proclivity for sexual harassment in Japanese and U.S. men. However, Japanese men scored higher overall on sexual harassment proclivity, which was anticipated due to the relatively high degree of male dominance in Japan. Path analysis revealed that rape myth acceptance and a dimension of empathy (called personal distress) mediated this cross-cultural difference. The authors interpret the results as supporting the individual differences model of sexual harassment.
Cross-cultural analysis of students' sexual standards
Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1978
Our purpose was to investigate, cross-culturally, university students' premarital sexual standards. A number of predictions were derived from the work of Christensen, Reiss, and Burr. Data were collected via selfladministered questionnaires from over 1100 English-speaking respondents in five "cultures" (four countriesJ. These cultural contexts had a strong effect on the attitudes and behavior of individual respondents. As predicted, the difference in the standards held by males and females was small in highly permissive societies. Negative consequences of premarital intercourse {i.e., guilt) were reported by the highest proportion of sexually experienced respondents in the most restrictive society. An unsuccessful effort was made to predict how the correlation between permissiveness and such variables as religiosity wouM change in different cultures. Across all five cultures, greater courtship participation, less religiosity, greater physical attractiveness, and spending less time with one's family were associated with greater permissiveness. Finally, students from high-status backgrounds were generally more permissive.
Sexually transmitted infections, 1999
To begin to map the reported behaviours and attitudes of young Britons of south Asian origin that may have implications for sexual health. "South Asian" refers to people able to trace their ancestry from the Indian subcontinent (that is, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh), henceforth referred to as "Asian". A cross sectional study of sexual behaviour using self report measures in a self complete section of a social survey administered by trained interviewers in 1996. Greater Glasgow, Scotland. Sample (n = 824) originally recruited aged 14-15 in 1992 in secondary schools in Greater Glasgow and subsequently traced through general practitioner registration for 1996 survey. 492 Asians and non-Asians aged 18-20 years old eventually interviewed in their own homes. Self reported experience of sexual intercourse, age at first intercourse, and contraceptive practice over year before interview. Measures of sexual behaviour and attitudes were elicited through a self complete ...