Extraction of jojoba oil by pressing and leaching (original) (raw)
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EXTRACTION OF JOJOBA OIL USING VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF TWO DIFFERENT SOLVENTS
The aim of this study was extraction of jojoba oil using different solvents. A mixture of waterhexane and water-ethanol are used as solvents to extract jojoba oil in a batch extraction process and compared with a pure solvent extraction process. The effects of particle size of crushed seeds, solvent-to-water ratio and time on jojoba oil extraction were investigated. The best recovery of oil was obtained at the boiling temperature of the solvent and four hour of extraction time. When seed particle size was 0.45 mm and a pure ethanol was used (45% yield of oil extraction), whereas, it was 40% yield of oil at 25% water-hexane mixture. It was revealed that the water-ethanol and water-hexane mixtures have an effect on the oil extraction yield. The particle size, had a great effect on the maximum oil extracted yields. The maximum yield of oil extraction using pure hexane (35%), while for pure ethanol, the maximum yield of the oil extraction (45%) for the solvent, by using the water-solvent mixture this percentage has significant increasing in water-hexane solvent system.
Solvent extraction of jojoba oil from pre-pressed jojoba meal
Grasas Y Aceites, 2004
The solvent extraction process of jojoba oil from the meal cake obtained after the mechanical pressing of jojoba seeds was studied. Commercial hexane and petroleum ether were used as solvents and the extraction was carried out at temperatures ranging from 30 to 55 °C using solvent-to-solid ratios, R between 2 and 15 L/kg. The equilibrium compositions of the solvent and solid phases were determined. Based on the equilibrium data, the partition coefficient or distribution ratio, D of the oil between both phases was estimated. Also, the number of extraction stages necessary to achieve a certain degree of oil recovery has been determined using different hexane-to-meal ratios. Jojoba oil was also tested for its physical and chemical properties including chemical composition, percentage fatty acid, peroxide value, flash point, fire point, pour point, refractive index, saponification and iodine values. The stability of jojoba oil during storage at room temperature and during heat treatmen...
High-Pressure Extraction of Jojoba Oil with Mixed- CO2/PROPANE Solvents
2013
Previous studies on the phase equilibria of jojoba oil and CO2+propane mixtures have shown that this solvent mixture is a good separation agent for the extraction of jojoba oil from seeds. High solvent load capacities can be obtained using a solvent mixture with CO2 concentrations up to 70 wt%, working at 313 K and 200 bars. In this work the extraction of jojoba oil with high pressure liquid CO2/propane solvent mixtures was studied experimentally. First, jojoba oil was extracted at 313 K using different liquid solvent concentrations (30 wt%, 50 wt% and 70 wt% CO2) at pressures of 70 bars and 200 bars, to assess the influence of the solvent composition and phase behavior on extraction rate. A great influence of the phase condition on the extraction rate was determined. Similar results were obtained when the high-pressure liquid extractions of jojoba oil from milled seeds were carried out using solvent mixtures containing 30 wt% and 50 wt% CO2 at 313K and 70 bars. A mixed CO2 + propan...
Enzymatic pretreatment of jojoba seeds to facilitate oil extraction
Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 1998
A short enzymatic pretreatment of crushed jojoba seeds enabled centrifugal extraction of more than 25% of the oil contained within the seed matrix. Commercially available hydrolytic enzymes, including glucanases and proteases, were selected on the basis of their capability to release soluble sugars and proteins and then examined for their effect on release of the oil from the seed particles. Pectinases and xylanases led to a release of 5-15% of the total sugars within the seeds, and enabled extraction of 10 15% of the oil. Treatment with proteases released 10-15% of the protein contained in the seeds, but was significantly more effective in releasing 25% of free oil. Only proteases activity caused the entrapment of about 60% of the oil in the form of extremely stable emulsion. Several denaturing treatments of the seed matrix were performed to prevent the formation or destabilize the emulsion phase. Autoclaving the seeds to denature proteins in their matrix yielded more than 50% rel...
Renewable Oil from Solid Jojoba Biomass Waste
Oils of a significant value both as fuels as well as for cosmetic applications can be extracted from the fruits of the jojoba plant. After extracting the oil, the remains of the fruit can still be further utilized as a solid fuel in furnaces or feedstock to animals. In the present work, the solid waste jojoba remains have been processed chemically to extract more biodiesel oil. The physical and chemical properties of jojoba solid waste, before and after extracting the biofuel have been measured and presented. Also the properties of raw biofuel extracted from the solid and its methyl ester have been measured and presented. It has been shown that 10% by mass of oil can be extracted from the solid waste. The biofuel produced has been tested in a diesel engine and the solid waste has been also burnt in a furnace for more energy production.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2020
Jojoba oil is widely used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and lubricant applications. It can also be used as a feedstock in biodiesel production or as a substitute to fuels to improve their properties. Due to its unique characteristics, the present study was focused on the optimization of the oil extraction yield from jojoba seeds in a screw expeller while retaining the oil quality. The seeds used were harvested from the new experimental jojoba plantation grown on Mesaoria Plain of Cyprus Island. The effects of the seed size, humidity level and temperature together with residual discharge opening of the expeller were studied in details and optimized using Taguchi method. The larger-the-best signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) analysis together with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used during optimization. The order of influences was found as (1) seed temperature, (2) seed size, (3) seed humidity level and (4) residual discharge opening according to the S/N ratio analysis. The ANOVA...
Evaluation of the Effect of Elite Jojoba Lineson the Chemical Properties of their Seed Oil
Molecules
Jojoba oil (JO) extracted from seeds has outstanding properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities, and can be stored forlong periodsof time. The unique properties of jojoba oil depend on its chemical composition; therefore, the effect of the jojoba genotype on the chemical properties and active components of the seed oil was evaluated in this study. Oil samples were collected from 15 elite Egyptian jojoba lines. The chemical composition, such as moisture, crude fiber, crude oil, ash, and crude protein of elite lines’ seeds was determined to investigate the variation among them based on the jojoba genotype. In addition, the iodine value was obtained to measure the degree of jojoba oil unsaturation, whereas the peroxide number was determined as an indicator of the damage level in jojoba oil. Fatty acid composition was studied to compare elite jojoba lines. Fatty acid profiles varied significantly depending on the jojoba genotype. Gadoleic acid exh...
Supercritical fluid extraction of jojoba oil
Journal of The American Oil Chemists Society, 2004
Supercritical fluid extraction of jojoba oil from Simmondsia chinensis seeds using CO2 as the solvent is presented in this study. The effects of process parameters such as pressure and temperature of extraction, particle size of jojoba seeds, flow rate of CO2, and concentration of entrainer (hexane) on the extraction yield were examined. Increases in the supercritical CO2 flow rate, temperature, and pressure generally improved the performance. The extraction yield increased as the particle size decreased, indicating the importance of decreasing intraparticle diffusional resistance. The maximum extraction yield obtained was 50.6 wt% with a 0.23-mm particle size and a 2 mL/min CO2 flow rate at 90°C and 600 bar. Use of an entrainer at a concentration of 5 vol% improved the yield to 52.2 wt% for the same particle size and also enabled the use of relatively lower pressure and temperature, i.e., 300 bar and 70°C.
An improved detoxification method using liquid-liquid extraction of karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil is developed. Only 2 stage extractions [using oil and HCl (1:0.35 w/v)] followed by 3 extractions [using oil and alkaline MeOH (1:2 w/ v)] can completely detoxify oil. After HCl extraction, if alkaline isopropanol (IPA), dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetonitrile are used for extraction, total HCl and corresponding solvent requirement would be (w/v) 1:1.0, 1:6.0; 1:0.2, 1:1.2; and 1:0.4, 1:1.6 respectively. When only acetonitrile is used, 5 stage extraction using oil: acetonitrile (1:0.5, w/v) per batch makes total acetonitrile requirement 2.5 times (v/w) of oil for complete detoxification. Physicochemical characteristics of refined oils are acceptable. Overall oil yield (75-80% w/w) is obtained when alkaline MeOH, IPA and DMF are used, but higher yield (85-88%, w/w) is obtained when acetonitrile is used.