Lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in rats fed with high-fat or high-fructose diets (original) (raw)
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Long-term high fructose and saturated fat diet affects plasma fatty acid profile in rats
Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B, 2012
As the consumption of fructose and saturated fatty acids (FAs) has greatly increased in western diets and is linked with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a moderate (10 weeks) and a prolonged (30 weeks) high fructose and saturated fatty acid (HFS) diet on plasma FA composition in rats. The effects of a few weeks of HFS diet had already been described, but in this paper we tried to establish whether these effects persist or if they are modified after 10 or 30 weeks. We hypothesized that the plasma FA profile would be altered between 10 and 30 weeks of the HFS diet. Rats fed with either the HFS or a standard diet were tested after 10 weeks and again after 30 weeks. After 10 weeks of feeding, HFS-fed rats developed the metabolic syndrome, as manifested by an increase in fasting insulinemia, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as well as by impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore, the plasma FA profile of the HFS group showed higher proportions of monounsaturated FAs like palmitoleic acid [16:1(n-7)] and oleic acid [18:1(n-9)], whereas the proportions of some polyunsaturated n-6 FAs, such as linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] and arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)], were lower than those in the control group. After 30 weeks of the HFS diet, we observed changes mainly in the levels of 16:1(n-7) (decreased) and 20:4(n-6) (increased). Together, our results suggest that an HFS diet could lead to an adaptive response of the plasma FA profile over time, in association with the development of the metabolic syndrome.
The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2017
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are occurring at epidemic-like rates, and these epidemics appear to have emerged largely from changes in daily diet. In the present study, we compared effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and fructose-rich diet (FRD) in WBN/Kob-Lepr(fa) (WBKDF) rats that spontaneously develop obesity, dyslipidemia and T2DM. After a 4-week feeding of each diet, WBKDF-HFD and WBKDF-FRD rats exhibited aggravated obesity and dyslipidemia compared with WBKDF rats fed standard diet (STD). In contrast, hyperglycemia developed in WBKDF-STD rats was significantly inhibited in WBKDF-FRD rats, but not in WBKDF-HFD rats. The present study demonstrated that the 4-week feeding of HFD and FRD caused diet-induced obesity with a distinct phenotype in the glucose metabolism in WBKDF rats.
Adaption of Sprague Dawley rats to long-term feeding of high fat of high fructose diets
European Journal of Nutrition, 2000
Background Present animal models used to emulate type 2 diabetes may not accurately reflect the metabolic changes that occur in humans. Aim of the study The purpose of this research was to evaluate diets reported to induce insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism in rats as a potentially useful model for studying type 2 diabetes. Methods Three groups of male Sprague Dawley rats (n=7) were fed either a control diet, based on AIN recommendations (53 % cornstarch, 10 % sucrose and 7 % soybean oil), a high fat diet (25 % soybean oil, 35 % cornstarch) or a high fructose diet (53 % fructose, 10 % sucrose) for a 3 month period. Glucose tolerance tests were carried out in week 3 and week 9 of the experiment. At the termination of the experiment, serum insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triacylglycerols were measured. Glucose incorporation into glycogen and glycogen synthase activity were measured in soleus muscles. Results Similar weight gain was observed for all three groups of rats. Glucose tolerance curves and fasting glucose levels were not significantly different at any time point in the experiment. Insulin levels were unchanged for the controls (171±21 pM), high fructose (164±16 pM) and high fat (181±30 pM) diets. Fasting serum triacylglycerols and cholesterol levels were not significantly elevated by dietary treatment. In soleus muscles, rats on all three diets had a significant increase in glycogen synthesis in response to insulin, but synthesis was similar in all three groups. Glycogen synthase activity was also not significantly affected by long-term dietary intervention. Conclusions In this study, healthy Sprague Dawley rats fed high fat or high fructose diets for 3 months adapted to the nutritional intervention without developing classical signs of insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance.
Animal Models with Metabolic Syndrome Markers Induced by High Fat Diet and Fructose
Medical Laboratory Technology Journal, 2020
Metabolic syndrome is lipid and non-lipid metabolism disorder due to the association of several factors such as physiological, clinical, biochemical, and interrelated factors. People with metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed by fulfilling 3 of 5 criteria, including obesity and increased waist circumference, increased TG levels, increased blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and increased High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) serum. The high-fat diet disrupts tissue lipid metabolism, so insulin resistance occurs due to lipotoxicity. Besides, some studies use a combination of mixtures (fructose, sucrose) and fat-rich food components to build metabolic characteristics in mice that affect human characteristics. The purpose of this study was to make an animal model with a metabolic syndrome marker induced by the High Fat Diet (HFD) consisting of pork oil and chicken egg yolk, as well as fructose from simple and economical ingredients. This study was an experimental study using experimental animals of ...
A high-fructose diet induces insulin resistance but not blood pressure changes in normotensive rats
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2001
Rats fed a high-fructose diet represent an animal model for insulin resistance and hypertension. We recently showed that a high-fructose diet containing vegetable oil but a normal sodium/potassium ratio induced mild insulin resistance with decreased insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in the liver and muscle of normal rats. In the present study, we examined the mean blood pressure, serum lipid levels and insulin sensitivity by estimating in vivo insulin activity using the 15-min intravenous insulin tolerance test (ITT, 0.5 ml of 6 µg insulin, iv) followed by calculation of the rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance (K itt) in male Wistar-Hannover rats (110-130 g) randomly divided into four diet groups: control, 1:3 sodium/potassium ratio (R Na:K) diet (C 1:3 R Na:K); control, 1:1 sodium/potassium ratio diet (CNa 1:1 R Na:K); high-fructose, 1:3 sodium/potassium ratio diet (F 1:3 R Na:K), and high-fructose, 1:1 sodium/potassium ratio diet (FNa 1:1 R Na:K) for 28 days. The change in R Na:K for the control and high-fructose diets had no effect on insulin sensitivity measured by ITT. In contrast, the 1:1 R Na:K increased blood pressure in rats receiving the control and high-fructose diets from 117 ± 3 and 118 ± 3 mmHg to 141 ± 4 and 132 ± 4 mmHg (P<0.05), respectively. Triacylglycerol levels were higher in both groups treated with a high-fructose diet when compared to controls (C 1
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2006
High fructose consumption is suspected to be causally linked to the epidemics of obesity and metabolic disorders. In rodents, fructose leads to insulin resistance and ectopic lipid deposition. In humans, the effects of fructose on insulin sensitivity remain debated, whereas its effect on ectopic lipids has never been investigated. We assessed the effect of moderate fructose supplementation on insulin sensitivity (IS) and ectopic lipids in healthy male volunteers (n = 7). IS, intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL), and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were measured before and after 1 and 4 wk of a high-fructose diet containing 1.5 g fructose . kg body wt(-1) . d(-1). Adipose tissue IS was evaluated from nonesterified fatty acid suppression, hepatic IS from suppression of hepatic glucose output (6,6-2H2-glucose), and muscle IS from the whole-body glucose disposal rate during a 2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. IHCL and IMCL were measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fructos...
Effect of a High-Fructose Weight-Maintaining Diet on Lipogenesis and Liver Fat
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2015
Consumption of high-fructose diets promotes hepatic fatty acid synthesis (de novo lipogenesis [DNL]) and an atherogenic lipid profile. It is unclear if these effects occur independent of positive energy balance and weight gain. We compared the effects of a high-fructose (25% of energy content) weight-maintaining diet to those of an isocaloric diet with the same macronutrient distribution but in which complex carbohydrate (CCHO) was substituted for fructose. Eight healthy men were studied as inpatients for consecutive nine-day periods. Stable isotope tracers were used to measure fractional hepatic DNL and endogenous glucose production (EGP) and its suppression during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Liver fat was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Weight remained stable. Regardless of the order in which the diets were fed, the high-fructose diet was associated with both higher DNL (average 18.6±1.4% vs. 11.0±1.4% for CCHO, P=0.001) and higher liver fat (median +137% of ...
SERUM LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS OF WISTAR RATS WITH FRUCTOSE-INDUCED METABOLIC SYNDROME
Bayero Journal of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 2019
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of cardio-metabolic risk factors including obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the serum lipids and lipoprotein levels in Wistar rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Method: Twenty rats were randomly divided into two groups of 10 each: controlgroup on drinking water and standard rodent chow ad-libitum for 32 weeks andtest group treated with 10% fructose in drinking water (w/v) and standard rodent chow ad-libitum for 32 weeks. Baseline body weight, body mass index (BMI) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured. At the end of the experiment, the rats were fasted for 12 hours and blood samples collected under chloroform anaesthesia for the estimation of fasting serum lipid lipids, lipoproteins and plasma glucose. Data generated was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean for the rats in each group. Value of the variables were analysed using independent sample t-test while the differences were considered significant when P is equal to or less than 0.05 (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The results indicate significantly increased BMI and plasma glucose in MetS rats group compared to controls. The result also showed that with the exception of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) which showed a significant decrease (p = 0.040), the levels of serum cholesterol (TC), lipoproteins (VLDL and LDL) and triglyceride (TG) significantly (p < 0. 001, p = 0.004 respectively) increase in MetS compared with controls, while serum atherogenic index (AIX) levels were similar in MetS rats and controls. Conclusion: The current study demonstrate that excessive fructose consumption alters serum lipids and lipoprotein fractions and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of components of metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and obesity. Measurement of serum lipids and lipoprotein profile and other biochemical components of metabolic syndrome may provide cost-effective means for the recognition of a pathophysiological process and early identification of metabolic syndrome.
The effects of glucose and fructose on body weight and some biochemical parameters in rats
Progress in Nutrition, 2018
Objective: Dietary fructose from added sugar as high fructose corn syrup may causes major risks in obesity, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, hyperuricemia and fatty liver. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of high fructose and high glucose intake on body weight and some biochemical parameters in rats. Subject and methods: The study was conducted on adult, 32 Wistar albino male rats (300-350 g weeks) which fed with standard laboratory chow. In each group, 8 rats was selected randomly and which was be composed four groups. The rats in each group, in addition to standard meal, different amount of glucose and fructose containing solutions (10% and 30% glucose-fed group, 10% and 30% fructose-fed group) was given by oral gavage for 6 weeks. At baseline and after 6 weeks total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, AST and ALT as biochemical parameters and liver histopathological examination of rats were determined. Body weight of t...
Metabolic syndrome signs in Wistar rats submitted to different high-fructose ingestion protocols
British Journal of Nutrition, 2009
In search of an adequate model for the human metabolic syndrome, the metabolic characteristics of Wistar rats were analysed after being submitted to different protocols of high fructose ingestion. First, two adult rat groups (aged 90 d) were studied: a control group (C1; n 6) received regular rodent chow (Labina, Purina) and a fructose group (F1; n 6) was fed on regular rodent chow. Fructose was administered as a 10 % solution in drinking water. Second, two adult rat groups (aged 90 d) were evaluated: a control group (C2; n 6) was fed on a balanced diet (AIN-93G) and a fructose group (F2; n 6) was fed on a purified 60 % fructose diet. Finally, two young rat groups (aged 28 d) were analysed: a control group (C3; n 6) was fed on the AIN-93G diet and a fructose group (F3; n 6) was fed on a 60 % fructose diet. After 4-8 weeks, the animals were evaluated. Glucose tolerance, peripheral insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profile and body fat were analysed. In the fructose groups F2 and F3 glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were lower, while triacylglycerolaemia was higher than the respective controls C2 and C3 (P,0·05). Blood total cholesterol, HDL and LDL as well as body fat showed change only in the second protocol. In conclusion, high fructose intake is more effective at producing the signs of the metabolic syndrome in adult than in young Wistar rats. Additionally, diet seems to be a more effective way of fructose administration than drinking water.