Analysis and Control of Saline Water Intrusion into a Coastal Aquifer in West Bengal, India (original) (raw)
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Hydrogeological Investigation on Saline Water Intrusion into a Coastal Aquifer of West Bengal, India
The paper summarizes the field based study on the sub-surface characteristics and water quality variation in the coastal region of the district of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India from the view-point of saline water intrusion. For hydrogeological characterization, individual locations were selected and detailed investigations were carried out on subsoil condition and groundwater quality. Based on the field test results, contours and bar charts were plotted. The 3-Dimensional views of the premonsoon and post-monsoon average piezometric surfaces had also been developed. Owing to heterogeneity of the aquifer in the selected locations, the spatial irregularity in salinity was observed to be significant.
Analysis and Control of Saline Water Intrusion into Contai, West Bengal, India
Saline water intrusion into fresh groundwater aquifers takes place in the vicinity of coastal regions having hydraulic continuity with sea. India has significantly long coastal belt and contamination in the aquifers in these regions by saltwater intrusion has been seen. Such intrusion is likely to cause serious consequence if such aquifers are tapped for domestic water supply, irrigation or for any other specific purpose. This paper is based on extensive field study on subsurface and groundwater characterisation in Contai which is a small town near the coast of West Bengal, India. An innovative methodology was developed to control the saline water intrusion into coastal aquifers.
Geological Controls on Saline Water Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifers of the East Coast of India
Hydrogeology and the rate at which freshwater is taken from coastal aquifers controls the intrusion of saline water. The phenomenon is common in the extensive coastal sedimentary deposits and the deltas of major rivers of the east coast of West Bengal. Extensive work on saline water intrusion and hydrogeology has been carried out on the Indian coast and several other places. These have guided the theoretical and practical assumptions that were used for studying and analyzing the data collected from boreholes in the area. The east coast of India was divided into five geological regions from which three hydrogeochemical provinces were created. Methods of controlling saline water intrusion and managing groundwater exploitation in the coastal areas are suggested. The paper also suggests further studies and research work that can lead to sustainable use and management of groundwater resources in coastal areas.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2018
The coastal groundwater storage of Purba Midnapur district in West Bengal, India is deteriorated as regards to quality and quantity as a severe risk to excessive overdraft due to ingression of saline water into fresh water aquifers. Here it is found that the upper soil horizon is of quaternary origin and consists of alternating deposits of clay and sand of marine origin. As with all marine deposits, rounded grains and high porosity are dominant characteristics. The mixture of alluvial and marine deposits soil characteristics has been found in the northern part of district. Also there is a great spatial heterogeneity in the aquifer. The coastal line up to 5 to 40 km wide tract has been contaminated due to the movement of saline water in the fresh water aquifers, as result groundwater becomes unused for irrigation and drinking fo r domestic purposes. The groundwater samples from the northern side of Purba Midnapur near the Rupnarayan River have been collected and analyzed at the chemical laboratory of State Water Investigation Directorate, Government of West Bengal. From the chemical analysis, it is clear that the values of concentration of dissolved solids, chloride and iron exist above or more than permissible limits. The contour lines for chloride concentration are drawn based on the chemical analysis. The above properties are compared with the drinking water standards set by World Health Organization. Based on the results, it is concluded that various prevention and control techniques would be implemented into the study area. This paper also suggests methodology for controlling saline water intrusion in the area concern.
Modeling saline water intrusion in Nagapattinam coastal aquifers, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract Unexpected mistreatment of groundwater from coastal aquifers may possibly cause salt water intrusion in coastal aquifers. Coastal areas are mostly overpopulated with productive agricultural lands and expanded irrigated farming actions. Field and modeling studies were started to consider the special effects of possible seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifers. Groundwater levels were measured at 61 locations in Nagapattinam and Karaikal coastal region, identified flow direction pointing toward the coast with no major change in groundwater table. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major ionic parameters, represented higher concentration of conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium and chloride along the coastal parts of the study area. A computer package for the simulation of dimensional variable density groundwater flow, SEAWAT, has been used to model the seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers of the study area. The model was stimulated to predict the amount of seawater incursion in the study area for a period of 50 years. The simulation results signify saline water intrusion mainly due to up coning of saline water owing to over drafting of groundwater.
Saline Water Intrusion in Coastal Areas: A Case Study from India
An innovative method of control of saltwater intrusion into the coastal aquifers has been suggested in this paper. A new method consists of withdrawal by Qanat-well structures with reasonable compensation by rainwater harvesting by means of recharge ponds and recharge well. The salient features of the methodology are described by considering a design example adopted in the Contai Polytechnic Institute Campus of the district of Purba Midnapur in the state of West Bengal, India. Access to groundwater zones with vertical wells are often hindered by obstacles such as buildings, paved surfaces, or other topographical obstructions.
Saline Water Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers of Orissa, India
The Balasore coastal groundwater basin in Orissa, India is under a serious threat as regards to The Balasore coastal groundwater basin in Orissa, India is under a serious threat as regards to groundwater quantity and quality due to saline water intrusion. The soil of Balasore district is mostly groundwater quantity and quality due to saline water intrusion. The soil of Balasore district is mostly alluvial and lateritic. The aquifer is severely contaminated by saline water intrusion within a 5 to 9km alluvial and lateritic. The aquifer is severely contaminated by saline water intrusion within a 5 to 9km wide tract along the coastline, leaving the groundwater unfit for drinking and irrigation purposes. wide tract along the coastline, leaving the groundwater unfit for drinking and irrigation purposes. Chemical analysis of water samples of different blocks of Bhadrak and Balasore Districts of Orissa have Chemical analysis of water samples of different blocks of Bhadrak and Balasore Districts of Orissa have been conducted. High values of chloride, iron and total dissolved solids have been noticed in the been conducted. High values of chloride, iron and total dissolved solids have been noticed in the coastal area. It is concluded that urgent measures are necessary to control saline water encroachment coastal area. It is concluded that urgent measures are necessary to control saline water encroachment into the basin. Measures like rainwater harvesting, reducing pumping, rearrangement or re-into the basin. Measures like rainwater harvesting, reducing pumping, rearrangement or redistribution of points of extraction are needed. distribution of points of extraction are needed.
Saline Water Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers: A Case Study from Bangladesh
The magnitude of salinity intrusion in coastal areas depends on sensible balance between fresh water flow and saltwater from the sea. The interface between freshwater and saline water is influenced by geology, hydrogeology, ground water heads and groundwater well pumping rates. But fresh water is important issue to counterbalance salinity intrusion at the upstream water intake. To quantify that required fresh water, indeed detailed understanding of the physical phenomena (tidal motion, wind mixing etc, river flow) is a prerequisite. The coastal zone of Bangladesh comprises of part of the flat Ganga Delta, which is crisscrossed by large tidal rivers discharging into the Bay of Bengal. The estuaries and tidal river systems of coastal zone have been formed by long periodical deltaic accretion which was dominated by the historical morphological changes of Ganga and Brahmaputra. The major estuarial rivers of the south-central region are interlinked and fed by numerous smaller channels. The approximate population in the coastal area is 40 million and they are very much vulnerable to the natural disaster along the about 720 km coastline. Saline water intrusion is the main problem in the south-western zone. About 60 and 15 percent of arable land (total 1.0 mha croplands) of southwestern and southeastern respectively are affected by salinity in the dry period. This salinity is caused by cyclone and storm surges, high spring tide inundation and capillary actions. Its affect the soil surface and root zones, which decreases the crop production about 0.13 M.T. in every year. The increase of salinity intrusion and decrease of arability will be prevailing due to climate change effect and reducing of flood plain and it may propagate in all over the country. In this situation management of salinity intrusion is the vital issue for Bangladesh. With the mission of saline water proofing by structural management like coastal embankment projects, dam, sluices etc and coastal area zoning as non-structural management to change the land use and other activities can be the vision of sustainable livelihood and environment of Bangladesh.
Status of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifer of Gujarat, India: a review
SN Applied Sciences
Seawater intrusion (SWI) is a universal concern, intensified and aggravated due to over-exploitation of groundwater, sea-level rise, and climate change in the coastal province. According to the Ghyben-Herzberg principle, the stability between freshwater and saltwater is caused by the density difference between the two, until the pressure equalizes. The keystone of India's geography, economy, biodiversity, and the environment are its extended and vast coastline, which occupies the most precious as well as potential aquifer system. This review mainly fascinated on the status, knowledge, and vulnerability of SWI within the aquifers of the coastal region of Gujarat, India. Foregoing investigations reveal that the meteoric intensification in the salinity of coastal regions of Gujarat is the chief provenance of socioeconomic development and environmental degradation. Different studies are performed to analyze and mitigate the SWI problem. In this region, groundwater over-exploitation is the foremost driver of SWI. There are miscellaneous developmental and management skills and techniques to diminish the SWI in coastal regions of the world. Numerous models are fabricated and established to analyze and epitomize the complications associated with it. Numerical models suggest some valuable techniques to manage groundwater-related problems. This study also delivers some advanced management strategies such as dilution of salinewater by artificial recharge techniques, construction of physical barriers in the subsurface to reduce the intrusion etc. feasible to the coast of Gujarat.
Modeling and control of saltwater intrusion in a coastal aquifer of Andhra Pradesh, India
Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 2009
The saltwater intrusion in a coastal aquifer is a highly complex and nonlinear process. The management of coastal aquifers requires careful planning of withdrawal strategies for control and remediation of saltwater intrusion. Prediction and control of future saltwater distribution in coastal aquifer may be possible by simulating the processes utilizing mathematical models. A finite element based flow and transport simulation model is implemented for a coastal aquifer in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The model is calibrated for two years of time period between July 2000 and July 2002, both in terms of hydraulic heads and salt concentration. The calibrated model is validated for next two years in terms of head and salt concentration with the available data for July 2002 and July 2004. The limited data availability in this study area may represent a typical real life situation. The calibrated and partially validated simulation model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of planned pumping strategies to locally control the saltwater intrusion in the study area. These limited evaluations show the potential for using a planned pumping strategy and therefore hydraulic control measures to affect the saltwater intrusion process. These simulations are also useful for evolving planned pumping strategies for control of saltwater intrusion in a coastal aquifer.