Study of Yield Advantage of Intercropping Over Sole Cropping Under Rainfed Condition (original) (raw)
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2015
Cereal with legume intercropping is common but oilseed and legume crops are not tested in the form of intercropping with a suitable nutrient management and moisture conservation practices. Hence, present study was conducted during mustard and chickpea intercropping system with moisture conservation practices and different levels of phosphorus and sulphur in order to evaluate the intercropping system and analyze the competition and the interrelationship between component crops than their pure stands. Relative dry matter yield of Ethiopian mustard throughout the growth stages was greater than that of chickpea at all levels of phosphorus and sulphur nutrition. Ethiopian mustard/ chickpea intercropping system recorded higher mustard equivalent yield over sole mustard and sole chickpea with the application of moisture conservation and phosphorus and sulphur fertilizer. The relative yield total, relative crowding coefficient, actual yield loss (AYL), and system productivity index values were greater with moisture conservation practices and higher dose of phosphorus and sulphur nutrition indicating an advantage of intercropping. In intercropping, the values of relative crowding coefficient, AYL, aggressivity, and competitive ratio indicated that the Ethiopian mustard was more competitive than chickpea. This study suggests that Ethiopian mustard/ chickpea intercropping system was more productive and profitable with phosphorus and sulphur nutrition if proper moisture conservation practice could be adopted by the farmers as alternative options under moisture scarce conditions.
Abstract: The research work on intercropping has mostly focused on the suitable special arrangement and nutrient levels on mustard plus chickpea intercropping system. Meager attention has been paid to nitrogen level in isolation which is also an important aspect of intercropping system as the component crops are different in nature of growth and nitrogen needs. Therefore this study was carried out on the effect of Nitogen levels on Mustard plus chickpea intercropping system during the Rabi season of 1998-99 on the rainfed upland sandy loam soil of Birsa Agricultural University, Farm, Ranchi. The experiment was laid in split plot design in intercropping of Mustard plus chickpea with two ratio (1:1 and 2:1) row ratio, which constitute main plot and three levels of Nitrogen (control- no fertilizer, 20 kg Nitrogen and 40 kg Nitrogen per hectare). A uniform dose of Phosphorous at the rate of 40 kg P2O5 per hectare in the form of SSP and 20 kg K2O per hectare as Murate of Potash was applied at the time of sowing. In addition to intercropping two sole crops of Mustard and Chickpea were allocated randomly in each replication for comparison. Salient feature of the results of the experiment are given below. The periodic plant height of mustard was not influenced by intercropping system, the maximum height (127 cm) of mustard was recorded at harvest while the levels of Nitrogen greatly influenced the height of mustard plants. The maximum height of mustard plant was obtained with the application of 40 kg Nitrogen per hectare which was significantly more than that obtained with other treatment. Similar results were also obtained at 60 and 75 days after sowing. Yield components (primary and secondary branches), seeds/siliquae pod, siliquae or pod per plant and 1000 seed weight) were influenced by intercropping and levels of Nitrogen. Application of 40 kg Nitrogen per hectare gave maximum equivalent yield (1850 kg/ha), economic return (Rs. 23173/- per hectare) and bioenergetic (energy use efficiency by grain 2.79). Although sole chickpea produced the highest net return (Rs. 33180/- per hectare) and benefit cost ratio 5.99. Sole chickpea left more available nitrogen in soil as compared to that recorded in intercropping system, which was followed by the intercropping of mustard + chickpea (1:1 ratio). Under different nitrogen levels, application of 40 kg Nitrogen left more available nitrogen than any other treatments. There was no effect on availability of phosphorous, potassium and organic carbon. Moreover, the availability of potassium and phosphorous was maximum in control plots. The application of 40 kg Nitrogen gave the maximum net return which was at par with the application of 20 kg Nitrogen per hectare.
Chickpea + mustard is a prominent intercropping system of Indian sub continent under resource constraint conditions. The population ratio and nutrient management strategies have significant bearing on the performance and economic feasibility of component crops in mixed stands. An investigation was therefore undertaken on "Population Compatibility and Nutrient Management Strategies in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) +Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Intercropping Systems" at "Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology", Meerut (U.P.) during rabi season 2017-18, to optimize planting geometry and devise effective nutrient management options. The experiment plot soil was sandy loam in texture with low organic carbon & available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus & potassium with slightly alkaline pH. Twenty treatments consisting of combinations of 04 intercropping systems viz., Chickpea + mustard in 3:1 and 4:1 row ratio and both in additive and replacement series and 05 nutrient management options viz., recommended dose (RD) to chickpea and mustard both (N1), N1 + biofertilizers (N2), N2 +FYM (N3), N1 but mustard with 150% RD (N4) and N4 with biofertilizers (N5) along with sole stand of component crops tested in RBD with 3 replications. Recommended doses were 100 kg DAP +20kg S ha -1 for chickpea and 120 kg N +40 kg P2O5+20 kg S for mustard. Nutrient application to mustard was made as per plant population against sole cropping. Chickpea seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium and mustard with Azotobacter while PSB was soil applied. The results revealed that except plant height all other growth parameters of mustard viz., number of branches, dry matter accumulation, yield attributes like number of seeds siliqua -1 , number of siliqua plant -1 and yield were maximum in intercropping. A reverse trend was however noted in chickpea except for plant height. Nutrient management options had significant effect on performance of component crops being best in chickpea with recommended dose of nitrogen to component crops along with biofertilizers & FYM and mustard gave its best when its recommended dose was enhanced to 150% along with biofertilizers. Thus, chickpea yields got reduced under intercropping but mustard as intercrop not only compensated the chickpea yield losses but also gave additional yields and returns. Mustard raised in 4:1 additive series with chickpea proved to be remunerative with application of 100 kg DAP +20kg S ha -1 to chickpea + Rhizobium inoculation and 30 kg N, 10 kg P2O5& 5kg S ha -1 to mustard +Azotobacter inoculation along with soil application of PSB.
National Academy Science Letters, 2016
The traditional practice of mixed cropping has gained popularity in recent years in the form of intercropping with a suitable modification in planting pattern. Intercropping legumes with non-legume crops is a common practice in the semi-arid tropics of India. Present study was conducted on Ethiopian mustard and chickpea intercropping system with moisture conservation practices and different levels of P and S. Effect on yield attributes and yield of the crops in intercropping system was also examined. Higher seed and stover yield was obtained in sole stand of both crops, but yield attributes of intercropping system remained at par with sole stand of crops except dry matter production. Moisture conservation and P and S nutrition also improved yield attributes of both the crops except their respective seed weight and test weight. Highest seed yield of both the crops (Ethiopian mustard-1.69 and chickpea-1.58 t ha-1) was obtained with application of 60 kg P 2-O 5 ? 30 kg S ha-1. Intercropping system of Ethiopian mustard and chickpea when provided with moisture conservation like FYM@ 5 t ha-1 ? Organic mulch ? Kaolin 6 % spray and P and S application @60 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 ? 30 kg S ha-1 , respectively, would be a viable option to increase the productivity of these crops in dryland areas.
International Journal of Applied Research, 2016
An experiment was conducted during winter cropping (rabi) season at the farmer's field of Jamuna Char area of Gutail, Islampur in Jamalpur district of Bangladesh. The experiment comprised of 30 cm × continuous planting systems of wheat and the intercrops such as mustard, garden pea; grass pea, spinach, lentil and chickpea were grown with wheat following randomized complete block design in three replications. There were seven treatment combinations viz. T1= Sole wheat (100%) (30 cm × continuous), T2= 100% wheat + one row mustard between two rows of wheat, T3= 100% wheat + one row garden pea between two rows of wheat, T4= 100% wheat + one row grass pea between two rows of wheat, T5= 100% wheat + one row lentil between two rows of wheat, T6= 100% wheat + one row spinach between two rows of wheat, T7= 100% wheat + one row chick pea between two rows of wheat. From the experiment it revealed that intercropping of vegetables and pulses with wheat is more profitable than sole cropping of wheat. Wheat yield differed significantly among the different intercropping combinations. The maximum and minimum wheat yields 3.80 t ha-1 and 2.80 t ha-1 were obtained from sole wheat and wheat intercropped with mustard combinations, respectively. Wheat equivalent yields in the intercrops ranged from 3.80-5.38 t ha-1. The maximum cost of cultivation Tk. 82,540 ha-1 was obtained from wheat + chick pea intercropping system while the minimum cost of cultivation Tk. 66,960 ha-1 was obtained from sole wheat planting system. The treatment wheat + chickpea intercropping system produced the maximum gross return Tk. 1,78,950 ha-1 followed by Tk. 1,72,600 ha-1 in wheat + garden pea and Tk. 1,72,000 ha-1 in wheat + grass pea intercropping system respectively while the minimum gross return Tk. 1,31,100 ha-1 from wheat + mustard intercropping system. The maximum gross margin Tk. 97,460 ha-1 was obtained from the wheat + grass pea intercropping system followed by Tk. 96,410 ha-1 and Tk. 91,660 ha-1 was obtained from wheat + chickpea and wheat + garden pea intercropping systems respectively. Wheat + grass pea intercropping system contribute the maximum benefit cost ratio (2.30) followed by wheat + chick pea (2.20), wheat + garden pea (2.10) and wheat + spinach (2.10).
Research Paper, 2023
Abstract: Intercropping system enhances crop productivity and profitability by growing different species together on the same piece of land in distinct row combinations. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to study the most suitable combination of mustard based intercropping with different crops at students’ instructional farm, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during Rabi season 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatment combinations viz., T1 Sole Mustard, T2 Mustard: Chickpea (1:1), T3 Mustard: Chickpea (2:1), T4 Mustard: Lentil (1:1), T5 Mustard: Lentil (2:1), T6 Mustard: Linseed (1:1), T7 Mustard: Linseed (2:1), T8 Mustard: Field Pea (1:1) and T9 Mustard: Field Pea (2:1) with replicated thrice. The results revealed that the significant impact of intercropping system on the growth, yield attributes, and overall yield of mustard when intercropped with chickpea, lentil, linseed, and pea. Plant population of intercrops showed non-significant differences, but at later stages, a 1:1 ratio consistently led to higher plant populations. Plant height, primary branches, and dry weight were generally higher in the 1:1 ratio compared to the 2:1 ratio in all intercrops. Yield attributes, including the number of pods or capsules and seeds per pod or capsule, favoured the 1:1 ratio. The highest yield was observed in the 1:1 ratio, contrasting with the minimum in the 2:1 ratio of mustard + intercrops. Overall, the 1:1 ratio demonstrated superior performance in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield, emphasizing the importance of intercrop ratio in optimizing crop growth and productivity.
2018
This field study was conducted during Rabi season 2009-10 and 2010-11 to study the effect of different levels of phosphorus, sulphur, irrigation and intercropping on yield and quality of mustard and chickpea at agronomic research farm of Amar Singh (P.G.) College, Lakhaoti, Bulandshahr (U.P.). On the basis of results of the experiment it may be concluded that the 60 kg P2O5 ha and 40 kg S ha with two time irrigation, one each at pre-flowering and grain filling stages of mustard in mustard and chickpea intercropping system could be necessary for obtained higher yield, oil content in mustard, protein content in chickpea and maximum benefit: cost ratio.
2018
To study the effect of phosphorus, sulphur and irrigation on mustard + chickpea intercropping system, a field experiment was conducted at A.S. (P.G.) College, Lakhaoti, Bulandshahr, (U.P.) during rabi season of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. The experiment was carried out in split plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of four levels (no irrigation, one irrigation at pre-flowering, one irrigation at grain filling and two irrigations one each at pre-flowering and grain filling stage of mustard) of irrigation in main plots, and three levels (0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5 ha) of phosphorus and three levels (0, 20 and 40 kg S ha) of sulphur in sub-plots. The results showed that in both the years of experimentation, application of two irrigations significantly increased number of primary and secondary branches plant over other levels of irrigation, which resulted in significantly higher grain and biological yield with two irrigations as compared to one irrigation in mustard + chi...
MULTILOGIC IN SCIENCE, 2020
The field experiment was conducted at Main agricultural Research station of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka during rabi season of 2017-18 to study the effect of row arrangement on growth analysis and yield parameters of mustard in chickpea + mustard intercropping system. There were ten treatments consisting of two sole crops of chickpea and mustard with different seeding ratios viz., 2:1, 3:3, 4:1, 4:2, 4:4, 6:2 and 8:2.The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that, sole mustard recorded all the growth analysis viz., Absolute growth rate, Crop growth rate, Relative growth rate, Net assimilation rate, Leaf area duration, Leaf area ratio and Biomass duration and yield parameters viz., Number of siliqua per plant, Number of seeds per siliqua and 1,000 seed weight. Among different seeding ratio, 5:1 row ratio of chickpea and mustard recorded higher values of all growth analysis and yield parameters
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2017 at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to evaluate different row ratio of chickpea and mustard intercropping system on growth, yield and economics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) intercropping system. Study had ten treatments including two sole crops (chickpea and mustard) and eight intercrop combinations of chickpea intercropped with mustard in different row ratios. Results revealed that, sole chickpea recorded higher total dry matter production (24.70 g plant-1), leaf area (3.55 dm2 plant-1), leaf area index (1.18), number of primary branches (5.7), higher grain yield (1749 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1969 kg ha-1) and harvest index (46.5 %). Among the intercropping, 8:2 row ratio of chickpea + mustard recorded higher grain yield (1610 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1890 kg ha-1), gross returns (₹ 86,091 ha-1), net returns (₹ 53,706 ha-1) and B: C (2.66).