What are the differences in exercise motivation between individual exercisers, paired exercisers, group exercisers, and exercisers with no preference? (original) (raw)
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The effect of choice of exercise mode on psychological responses
Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2004
Objectives: Choice has been linked to both motivation and psychological responses to exercise. This paper investigates participants' psychological responses when they completed an exercise session where there was a high-preference exercise mode as opposed to a low-preference exercise mode. High-and lowpreference were established by participants indicating their preferred choice of exercise from three standard modes used for aerobic work.
2005
Individuals differ in the intensity of exercise they prefer and the intensity they can tolerate. The purpose of this project was to develop a measure of individual differences in the preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity. The steps involved in (a) item generation and face validation, (b) exploratory factor analysis and item selection, (c) structural validation, (d) examination of the internal consistency and test-retest reliability, (e) concurrent validation, and (f) construct validation are described. The Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q) is a 16-item, 2-factor measure that exhibits acceptable psychometric properties and can be used in research aimed at understanding individual differences in responses to exercise and thus the psychological processes involved in the public health problem of exercise dropout.
Motivation and affective experience in exercise participants
Motivation and affective experience in exercise participants Abstract Purpose of study. This study examined self-determined motivation and achievement goal motivation in relation to positive and negative affect during exercise in exercise participants. The effects of motivation on exercise participation, adherence and other exercise outcomes have been the subject of numerous prior studies. The current study however looked at a possible role and the possible significance of positive and negative affect in relation to motivation. Materials and methods. Self-determined motivation was analyzed with the Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire 2 (BREQ-2). Achievement goal motivation was examined with the Goal Orientations in Exercise Scale (GOES). Positive and Negative affect were determined with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). A sample of 60 exercise participants consisting of 27 females and 33 males between the ages of 19 and 70 completed the questionnaires.
Motives for exercise participation: The role of individual and psychological characteristics
Cogent Psychology, 2017
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sex, body mass index (BMI), psychological characteristics (self-esteem, trait anxiety, social physique anxiety) on motives for exercise participation in the context of recreation and leisure. The sample consisted of 306 exercise participants. The results showed significant sex and BMI differences. More specifically, exercise motives were based on competition/ego for males, whereas females preferred psychological condition and appearance motives. Also, individuals low in BMI were motivated by physical appearance to participate in exercise programs. Psychological factors were also studied indicating that self-esteem was a significant predictor of competition/ego, affiliation, and physical condition motives, trait anxiety predicted motives of psychological condition, and to meet others' expectations, whereas social physique anxiety predicted the appearance motive. Individuals with increased levels of the above psychological characteristics were not motivated to participate in exercise programs by intrinsic motives.
Annals of Behavioral …, 2012
Background A key barrier to achieving recommended intensity and duration of physical activity is motivation. Purpose We investigated whether a virtually present partner would influence participants' motivation (duration) during aerobic exercise. Method Fifty-eight females (M age 020.54±1.86) were randomly assigned to either a coactive condition (exercising alongside another person, independently), a conjunctive condition (performance determined by whichever partner stops exercising first) where they exercised with a superior partner, or to an individual condition. Participants exercised on a stationary bike at 65 % of heart rate reserve on six separate days. Results Across sessions, conjunctive condition participants exercised significantly longer (M021.89 min, SD0±10.08 min) than those in coactive (M019.77 min, SD0± 9.00 min) and individual (M010.6 min, SD0±5.84 min) conditions (p<0.05). Conclusion Exercising with a virtually present partner can improve performance on an aerobic exercise task across multiple sessions.
Development of a recreational exercise motivation questionnaire
2000
, I am extremely grateful. Tony helped me initiate the thesis, complete studies 2 and 3, and assemble and fine tuning of the manuscript. Vance guided me through the literature review and the first study. Both did a tremendous job and were always available to assist me when I called. I would also like to give thanks to my family for their patience and support. In particular, to my husband Andrew, who endured every up and down and put up with many hours of preoccupation on weekends and weeknights, and still encourage me to continue. Also, to my mother who gave me both professional and emotional boosts. Finally, to my son, bom in the middle of the whole process, who provided me with much happiness and the determination to finish. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES viii
Independent Effect of Self-selected versus Imposed Exercise Intensity on Affect
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2011
Background: The affective response to self-selected and imposed exercise intensities of differing physical stimuli has been previously compared in adults and children. Purpose: The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare the affective response to self-selected (SS) and imposed (IMP) exercise of the same intensity in young, recreationally active adult males. The secondary purpose was to determine if a significant proportion of subjects self-selected exercise intensity above 50% of oxygen uptake reserve (VO 2 R). Methods: 32 males [mean(SD) age 22.3(2.2), VO 2PEAK 3.38(0.59)] participated in the investigation. All subjects performed a load-incremented VO 2PEAK test and a 20-min, SS exercise trial on a cycle ergometer. One week later, subjects performed the IMP exercise trial. Subjects in the experimental group (n=16) were unaware that the IMP intensity was the same as that previously self-selected. These subjects were told the intensity was "selected by the investigators." Control subjects (n=16) were aware that the intensity of the IMP trial was the same as the SS trial. The affective response measured using Feeling Scale ratings (FS-R) was obtained prior to, during, and following the SS and IMP trials. ΔFS-R values, calculated by subtracting FS-R estimated during the SS trial from that of the IMP trial at each time point, were analyzed using a mixed-model ANOVA. The proportion of subjects who self-selected intensities above 50% VO 2 R was tested using a chi-squared analysis. Results: The ANOVA revealed no significant main effects or interaction. The chisquared analysis revealed that a significant (p<0.05) proportion of subjects (28 of 33) selfselected exercise intensities above 50% VO 2 R. Conclusions: In the current investigation, the
Basic Psychological Needs in Predicting Exercise Participation
Advances in Physical Education, 2013
This study examined propositions stemming from self-determination theory , which contends that motivational consequences and positive outcomes are predicted by the needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy. Participants completed the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise scale and had their gym access activity monitored for six weeks. Regression analyses revealed that only competence emerged as a statistically significant predictor of exercise participation, and that this prediction was true for women only (p = .04). These findings suggest that exercise and health professionals must take care to ensure that this need is met, particularly in their female clients who may be impacted by traditional gender roles in sport contexts.