Specificity and sensitivity of transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: prospective cohort study in 196 patients (original) (raw)
Related papers
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 2015
Introductions: Transcranial sonography (TCS) of the substantia nigra is a new and promising method to diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD) but its effectiveness is controversial. Methods: All 55 PD patients involved in the study underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging using the labeled dopamine transporter radiotracer 99m Tc-TRODAT-1 to assess nigrostriatal dopaminergic function. The echogenicity of the substantia nigra was measured by TCS in all patients who received DAT-SPECT scanning. Finally, statistical analysis was carried out to determine the diagnostic accuracy of TCS as well as its correlation with 99m Tc-TRODAT-1 SPECT, its positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: Contralateral striatal 99m Tc-TRODAT-1 uptake was significantly reduced compared to ipsilateral striatal uptake, and had a negative correlation with UPDRS-Ⅲ(r=-0.334, p=0.013), disease duration (r=-0.393, p=0.003) and H-Y stage (r=-0.330, p=0.014). After TCS measurement, the contralateral SN echogenic area was similar to the ipsilateral SN echogenic area (27.77±13.19 vs 25.98±11.94mm 2 , p=0.402, n=24). No correlation was identified between TCS and UPDRS-Ⅲ (r=0.383, p=0.065), disease duration (r=0.371, p=0.075) or H-Y stage (r=0.259, p=0.222). The sensitivity and specificity of SN TCS for the diagnosis of PD were calculated as 64.70% and 60% according to DAT-SPECT, respectively, while the positive predictive value and negative predictive value was calculated as 91.67% and 20%, respectively.
Scientific reports, 2016
A large number of articles have reported substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in Parkinson's disease (PD) and have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of transcranial sonography (TCS); however, the conclusions are discrepant. Consequently, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to consolidate the available observational studies and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical utility of TCS in PD. Totally, 31 studies containing 4,386 participants from 13 countries were included. A random effects model was utilized to pool the effect sizes. Meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were performed to explore potential heterogeneity. Overall diagnostic accuracy of TCS in differentiating PD from normal controls was quite high, with a pooled sensitivity of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.81-0.85) and a pooled specificity of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85-0.88). The positive likelihood ratio, the negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated 6.94 (95% CI: 5.09-9.48), 0.19 (95% CI: 0....
Transcranial sonography in Parkinson’s disease
Aging Health, 2009
Transcranial sonography has become a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes. This is a non-invasive, low cost procedure. The main finding on transcranial sonography in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease is an increased echogenicity of the mesencephalic substantia nigra region. This hyperechogenicity is present in more than 90% of cases, and reflects a dysfunction in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. This study discussed how the hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra may facilitate the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 2016
Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity is a promising biomarker for Parkinson disease (PD). Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity has previously been established as a useful diagnostic criterion in several European and Asian patient cohorts. However, diagnostic cutoff values for substantia nigra hyperechogenicity remain unknown for most patient populations. This study validated the diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in a large cohort of patients with PD in Estonia. The study included 300 patients with PD from Estonia, representing 10% of the national PD patient population, and 200 healthy control participants. To define the optimal cutoff value in the PD cohort, data from a single assessment versus repetitive assessments by transcranial sonography were compared. With the use of 3 repetitive assessments, the diagnostic accuracy of the data was measured. In addition, calculations for percentile values were used to define substantia nigra hyperechogenicity among control...
Developments in the Role of Transcranial Sonography for the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonism
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 2015
In the last two decades transcranial sonography (TCS) has developed as a valuable, supplementary tool in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of movement disorders. In this review, we highlight recent evidence supporting TCS as a reliable method in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism, combining substantia nigra (SN), basal ganglia and ventricular system findings. Moreover, several studies support SN hyperechogenicity as one of most important risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). The advantages of TCS include short investigation time, low cost and lack of radiation. Principal limitations are still the dependency on the bone window and operator experience. New automated algorithms may reduce the role of investigator skill in the assessment and interpretation, increasing TCS diagnostic reliability. Based on the convincing evidence available, the EFNS accredited the method of TCS a level A recommendation for supporting the diagnosis of PD and its differential diagnosis from secondary and atypical parkinsonism. An increasing number of training programmes is extending the use of this technique in clinical practice.
sonography (TCS) is a reliable method in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD)and the differential diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism. Finding of hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN), which is the result of iron deposition in this midbrain structure, is highly suggestive of PD. We performed a study on 67 PD patients and 33 healthy controls in order to determine sensitivity and specificity of TCS in diagnosis of PD. Due to insufficient or completely impenetrable acoustic temporal bone TCS could not be performed in 10.2% of PD patients and 15.1% of healthy controls. Significant SN hyperechogenicity was recorded in 77.6% of PD patients and 12.1% of healthy controls. The sensitivity of TCS was 86.6% and specificity 86.2%, with the positive predictive value of 92.8%. In the PD group, SN hyperechogenicity was generally more pronounced on the side which was contralateral to the side of dominant clinical presentation. Our results are in line with the data reported by other inv...
Correlation between substantia nigra features detected by sonography and Parkinson disease symptoms
Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 2010
The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between substantia nigra (SN) echogenic features and area and the clinical symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Clinical examinations and transcranial sonographic evaluations of the SN were performed in 115 consecutive patients with PD. The presence of tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait disorders, speech disorders, and hypomimia was evaluated according to the motor portion of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. The Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, analysis of variance, and multivariate analysis were applied when assessing statistical significance. An enlarged and hyperechoic SN existed in 84.0% of patients with bilateral rigidity but in only 70.6% of patients with unilateral rigidity (P < .05). Similarly, 85.0% of patients with bilateral bradykinesia in comparison with 65.7% of patients with unilateral bradykinesia had an enlarged and hyperechoic SN (P < .05). A significant correlation was...
Is transcranial sonography useful for diagnosing Parkinson's disease in clinical practice?
Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 2018
Transcranial sonography (TCS) is an emerging ancillary examination for diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD). To evaluate TCS features in patients with PD and its mimics, and establish their accuracy in predicting the final clinical diagnosis after follow-up. We retrospectively studied 85 patients with an initial clinical suspicion of PD, atypical parkinsonism or essential tremor, all of whom underwent TCS. Two specialists reviewed the follow-up clinical visit records and determined the final clinical diagnosis. The accuracy analysis of the TCS was determined using Bayesian statistical methods. The finding of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (> 20 mm2) showed high sensitivity (93.4%) and specificity (86.6%). The positive likelihood ratio showed 6.93-fold greater odds for diagnosing PD than an alternative condition when this finding was present. This study revealed the practical usefulness of TCS in differentiating PD from its prevalent mimics when the clinical diagnosis was i...
Medical Archives
Introduction. Transcranial sonography (TCS) is a relatively new ultrasound modality which could display echogenicity of human brain tissue through the intact skull. TCS may be useful in differentiation of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) from other parkinsonian disorders. Therefore, we studied different ultrasound markers by TCS in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Patients and Methods. We performed TCS in 44 patients with PD and 22 patients with other parkinsonian disorders. Echogenic sizes of the substantia nigra (SN) and the lentiform nuclei (LN), as well as the width of the third ventricle and the frontal horns of the lateral ventricle, were measured. We also analyzed the echogenicity of the brainstem raphe (BR). Results. An unilateral hyperechogenic SN was observed in 31 (70%) patients with PD and only in 2 patients (9%) with other parkinsonian disorders (P<0.0001). Hyperechogenicity of the LN was no observed in patients with PD; however, it was present in 7 (32%) patients with other parkinsonian disorders (P=0.0002). Diameter of third ventricle (8.6+/-2.2 mm vs. 6.9+/-1.7mm, P=0.001), right (18.5+/-2.6 mm vs. 16.5+/-2.3 mm, P=0.003) and left frontal horn of lateral ventricle (19.0+/-3.7 mm vs. 16.2+/-2.6 mm, P=0.0006) was significantly wider in patients with other parkinsonian disorders compared with patients with PD. There was no difference in presence of hypoechogenic or interrupted BR in patients with PD and patients with other parkinsonian disorders (39% vs. 27%, P=0.4). Conclusion. TCS is a promising diagnostic technique and can be very helpful in differentiating between idiopathic Parkinson's disease and other parkinsonian disorders.