Morphology, Secoiridoid Content and RAPD Analysis of Plants Regenerated from Callus of Centaurium erythraea RAFN (original) (raw)
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Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues Vol. II, 2006
Plant species that belong to the genus Centaurium are widespread in International traditional medicine. Centaurium erythraea Rafn. (European Centaury) is a biennial plant, with attractive pink flowers, and for potential as a medicinal-ornamental used in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases, in the treatment of fever and anaemia, and for increasing appetite. The effects of some plant growth regulators, nutrient medium components and different light treatments on modification of the morphogenetic response of this plant were examined. The seeds collected in their natural habitat were surface sterilised, and germinated and establish in vitro. Seedlings were cultivated on MS basal medium. Root segments (average 15 mm long) isolated from seedlings were used as an initial material for establishing non-transformed root cultures. After ten days of growth on the basal medium, somatic embryos were observed to form on the initial explants. Towards the end of the subculture period, a large number of adventitious buds also formed at the basal part of explants, beside somatic embryos. Both morphogenetic processes are asynchronous. Histological studies revealed that somatic embryos were formed directly from epidermal cells and adventitious buds from meristematic cells derived from root cortex tissues. C. erythraea seedlings were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4M70GUS so as to set up a transformed root culture. In vitro plant material, was analysed by PCR and results were compared to plants collected in nature. The results showed that in vitro culture of C. erythraea produced greater amount of secoiridoid glucosides and xanthones.
Plant Science, 2005
An efficient shoot multiplication method from shoot tips of Centaurium erythraea using liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.1 mg l À1) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1.0 mg l À1) was developed. Under these conditions, almost 60 microshoots per explant were produced within 4 weeks. This is three times more as compared to shoots obtained on agar-solidified medium. Shoots taken from liquid culture were rooted with frequency 85% and 77% on hormone-free full-strength and halfstrength MS medium, respectively within 6 and 4 weeks. The plantlets were transferred into soil and they survived acclimatization with 90% success, producing healthy plants, morphologically similar to plants derived from shoots grown on solid culture during their multiplication stage. The shoots of 10-week-old micropropagated plants of C. erythraea accumulated secoiridoid glucosides (gentiopicroside, swertiamarin and sweroside) up to 149 mg g À1 dry weight. The value was significantly higher than those achieved for other tested plant materials, such as shoot cultures and aerial parts of wild-grown plants. It is hoped, that the system using liquid shoot culture could be useful for large-scale micropropagation of C. erythraea plants with high production of pharmacologically important products.
Plant Cell Reports, 2006
Hairy roots of Centaurium erythraea were obtained by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain LBA 9402. They spontaneously regenerated adventitious shoots in Woody Plant liquid medium without growth regulators. The shoots were grown continuously in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid or agar solidified media supplemented with 0.1 mg l −1 indole-3-acetic acid and 1.0 mg l −1 6-benzylaminopurine. These shoots produced roots 4 weeks after transfer into agar-solidified MS medium without phytohormones. Regenerated plants grown and flowered under greenhouse conditions. The transgenic value of the regenerated plants was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction amplification. Transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes alters plant morphology and production of secoiridoid glucosides. The level of secoiridoids was also modified by development stage of transformed plants. The total content of the compounds (expressed as the sum of gentiopicroside, sweroside and swertiamarin) in 10-week old pRi-transformed regenerants was 280 mg g −1 dry weight and was 8-times the content in the sample of commercially available C. erythraea herb.
Centaurium erythraea Cultivation Method for Optimal Yield and Product Quality
Centaurium erythraea Cultivation Method for Optimal Yield and Product Quality, 2017
The effect of cultivation methods on plant development, yield, secoiridoid glycoside content, and physical and microbiological contamination of centaury (Centaurium ery- thraea) were investigated. Plants were cultivated in uncov- ered soil, soil covered with mulch film, or in pots. There was no difference in dry matter yield of plants grown on a mulch film (665 g.m–2) and without mulch film (680 g.m–2), whereas the outdoor cultivation in pots resulted in lower yield (330 g.m–2). The physical and microbiological contam- ination was lowest in plants cultivated in pots and highest when cultivated without soil cover. The total concentration of secoiridoid glycosides in the plants was not affected by the cultivation methods. The use of mulch film combined high yield and low microbiological and physical contamina- tion, and had no effect on the content of desired bioactive compounds.
Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis in Centaurium erythraea Rafn
Plants, 2021
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a developmental process during which plant somatic cells, under suitable conditions, produce embryogenic cells that develop into somatic embryos (se). SE is the most important method for plant propagation in vitro, having both fundamental and applicative significance. SE can be induced from different tissues and organs, but when se are used as explants, the process is recognized as secondary or cyclic SE. We induced secondary SE in Centaurium erythraea by application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU). A medium containing 0.1 mgL−1 2,4-D and 0.25 mgL−1 CPPU was optimal in terms of the number of primary SE explants forming se, the number of well-developed se per explant, and morphological appearance of the obtained se. These concentrations allowed SE to progress through three cycles, whereas at higher concentrations of 0.2 mgL−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mgL−1 CPPU, only two cycles were achieved. Histological an...
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2015
Phytohormones are important regulators of numerous developmental and physiological processes in plants. Spontaneous morphogenesis of the common centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn.) is possible on nutrition medium without addition of any plant growth regulator depending solely on endogenous phytohormone levels. Thus, this plant species represents a very good model system for the investigation of numerous physiological processes under phytohormonal control in vitro. We analysed the total amount of endogenous cytokinins (CKs) including the contents of their individual groups in shoots and roots of C. erythraea plants grown in vitro. The total amount of endogenous CKs was 1.4 times higher in shoots than in roots. Inactive or weakly active N-glucosides found to predominate in both organs of centaury plants, whereas free bases and O-glucosides represented only a small portion of the total CK pool. Consequently, centaury roots showed higher IAA content as well as IAA/ free CK base ratios compared to shoots. Centaury tissues also showed increased levels of ''stress hormones''. In contrast to SA, considerably higher levels of ABA were found in centaury shoots than in roots. Our results could serve as a basis for understanding and elucidating spontaneous de novo shoot organogenesis and further plant regeneration of C. erythraea in vitro. Keywords Common centaury Á Root explants Á Hormone metabolism Á Cytokinins Á Auxins Á Plant development Á Stress hormones Milana Trifunović-Momčilov and Václav Motyka have contributed equally to this work.
Biologia Plantarum, 2007
Direct somatic embryogenesis and adventitious shoot formation were successfully achieved from root explants of Centaurium erythrea Gillib. cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with half-strength macronutrients, full-strength micronutrients and vitamins, 3 % sucrose, 0.7 % agar, 100 mg dm−3 myo-inositol and without growth regulators. Histological studies revealed that somatic embryos were formed directly from epidermal cells and adventitious buds were developed from meristematic cells in root cortex tissues. Somatic embryos as well as adventitious shoots developed into whole plantlets.