Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms. American Heart Association (original) (raw)
Related papers
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1995
Objective. To provide guidelines for the treatment of endocarditis in adults caused by the following microorganisms: viridans streptococci and other streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and fastidious gram-negative bacilli of the HACEK group. Participants. An ad hoc writing group appointed by the American Heart Association under the auspices of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Evidence. Published studies of the treatment of patients with endocarditis and the collective clinical experience of this group of experts. Consensus Process. The recommendations were formulated during meetings of the working group and were prepared by a writing committee after the group had agreed on the specific therapeutic regimens. The consensus statement was subsequently reviewed by standing committees of the American Heart Association and by a group of experts not affiliated with the working group. Conclusions. Sufficient evidence has been published that recommendations regarding treatment of the most common microbiological causes of endocarditis (viridans streptococci, enterococci, Streptococcus bovis, staphylococci, and the HACEK organisms) are justified. There are insufficient published data to make a strong statement regarding the efficacy of specific therapeutic regimens for cases of endocarditis due to microorganisms that uncommonly cause endocarditis. As a useful aid to the practicing clinician, the writing group developed a consensus opinion regarding management of endocarditis caused by the most commonly encountered microorganisms and regarding those cases due to infrequent causes of endocarditis.
Circulation, 2015
Infective endocarditis is a potentially lethal disease that has undergone major changes in both host and pathogen. The epidemiology of infective endocarditis has become more complex with today's myriad healthcare-associated factors that predispose to infection. Moreover, changes in pathogen prevalence, in particular a more common staphylococcal origin, have affected outcomes, which have not improved despite medical and surgical advances. This statement updates the 2005 iteration, both of which were developed by the American Heart Association under the auspices of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease of the Young. It includes an evidenced-based system for diagnostic and treatment recommendations used by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association for treatment recommendations. Infective endocarditis is a complex disease, and patients with this disease generally require management by a tea...
Infective Endocarditis : A Brief Overview
2015
Bacterial endocarditis is a serious infection of the heart valves caused mainly by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcusviridans. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review of the main guidelines for the AHA and work related to bacterial resistance and the applicability of these standards in clinical cases. It was infective endocarditis. Concluded that, although relatively uncommon, is a disease que causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Although the advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved antimicrobial, prevention is still an important factor.
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS DIAGNOSIS ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY AND MANAGEMENT
IASET, 2013
Infective Endocarditis (IE) is the inflammation of inner heart tissue and its valves, caused by infecting micro-flora. The median age of patients has increased from 30 years to currently 57.9 years. The disease is uncommon in children unless associated with cardiac defects, surgical procedures or nosocomial catheter related bacteremia. The characteristic lesion of IE is the vegetation, amorphous mass of platelets and fibrin with dense bacteria, and inflammatory cells enmeshed. In IE infecting organisms are viridans group of Streptococci, Streptococci, Staphylococci, HACEK group of organisms and fungi. Diagnosis of IE is by modified Duke Criteria, evidence of infecting bacteria and evidence of endocarditis by two dimensional echocardiography .Treatment of IE with IV bactericidal antibiotics, penicillin, ceftriaxone and an amino glycoside added for Enterococci. Fungal infection may be treated with amphotericin and flucocytosine. IE may be associated with high mortality.
Current diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2003
The incidence of infective endocarditis continues to rise with a yearly incidence of around 15,000 to 20,000 new cases in the USA. As a result, rapid diagnosis, effective treatment and prompt recognition of complications are essential to desirable clinical outcomes. Recent guidelines such as the Duke criteria have incorporated echocardiography for diagnosis of infective endocarditis, making this diagnostic test mandatory for patients with suspected infective endocarditis. The diversity of pathogens that can cause infective endocarditis, some of which cannot be cultured easily, makes diagnosis even more difficult. Coagulase-negative staphylococci and viridans streptococci groups continue to be the major causative microorganisms of infective endocarditis. In the case of culture-negative endocarditis or infective endocarditis caused by fastidious microorganisms, the polymerase chain reaction and probe-based diagnostic methods are available to clinical reference laboratories.
Prophylaxis and treatment of infective endocarditis in adults: a concise guide
Clinical Medicine, 2005
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a lifethreatening disease with substantial morbidity and mortality which affects individuals with underlying structural cardiac defects who develop bacteraemia, often as a result of dental, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, respiratory or cardiac invasive/surgical procedures. Prompt recognition of the clinical diagnosis by a wide variety of medical personnel, early involvement of specialist cardiologists, cardiac surgeon and a microbiologist, and prompt treatment with the most appropriate antimicrobial agents offer the greatest chance of improving the outcome for these patients. The guidance given here to clinicians involved in the management of patients with IE briefly covers diagnosis, antibiotic prophylaxis, medical treatment and the indications for surgery.
Cureus
Infective endocarditis in the adult is life-threatening. Bacterial endocarditis is an inner infection lining the heart muscle (endocardium). The scientific study of the causes of diseases is known as etiology. The agents that cause disease fall into five groups: bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and helminths (worms). Risk factors are past heart defects, damaged or abnormal heart valves, new valves after surgery, chronic hemodialysis, and immunosuppressed state (chemotherapy, HIV, etc.). Infective endocarditis is categorized into two clinical forms: bacterial acute and subacute endocarditis. Acute bacterial endocarditis is usually caused by staphylococci (staph) and streptococci (strep). And occasionally by listeria and brucella bacterial strains. Invasive medical technology has increased the responsibility of healthcare-associated infective endocarditis (HAIE). Microscopy of the disease is the chronic aggressive cells in the deeper zone of nonspecific, composed of fibrin and platelets covering colonies of bacteria. Tuberculous valvular endocarditis due to mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rare clinical entity. Syphilitic endocarditis is pathologically the cutaneous lesions of secondary syphilis. It is caused by infection with the microorganismTreponema pallidum. Fungal endocarditis is a rare and fatal condition. They are infected with fungi such as Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Aspergillus species. Fatal endocarditis associated with Q fever (query fever). Q fever is a chronic or prolonged disease caused by the rickettsiallike bacillus Coxiella burnetii, a rare form of rickettsia in the endocarditis. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection causes chronic and repeated febrile illness. They are followed by pharyngitis, malaise, and a vesicular rash. Chronic Q fever usually manifests as endocarditis or hepatitis. The therapy given to simplify the complications is antimicrobial therapy. The medicines prescribed are ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, vancomycin, metronidazole, and tobramycin. High medicinal antibiotics are used to control the spread of infective endocarditis.
A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis
The Cochrane library, 2020
Background Infective endocarditis is a microbial infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. Antibiotics are the cornerstone of treatment, but due to the di erences in presentation, populations a ected, and the wide variety of microorganisms that can be responsible, their use is not standardised. This is an update of a review previously published in 2016. Objectives To assess the existing evidence about the clinical benefits and harms of di erent antibiotics regimens used to treat people with infective endocarditis. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase Classic and Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, and the Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science on 6 January 2020. We also searched three trials registers and handsearched the reference lists of included papers. We applied no language restrictions. Selection criteria We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the e ects of antibiotic regimens for treating definitive infective endocarditis diagnosed according to modified Duke's criteria. We considered all-cause mortality, cure rates, and adverse events as the primary outcomes. We excluded people with possible infective endocarditis and pregnant women. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently performed study selection, 'Risk of bias' assessment, and data extraction in duplicate. We constructed 'Summary of findings' tables and used GRADE methodology to assess the quality of the evidence. We described the included studies narratively. A comparison of di erent antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (Review)