877 IN VIVO MRS ANALYSIS OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL FOR THE METABOLIC SYNDROME (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of the Possible Contribution of Antioxidants Administration in Metabolic Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2011
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common, and its associated risk burdens of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are a major public health problem. The hypothesis that main constituent parameters of the MetS share common pathophysiologic mechanisms provides a conceptual framework for the future research. Exercise and weight loss can prevent insulin resistance and reduce the risk of diseases associated with the MetS. Interrupting intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction could also contribute to normalizing the activation of metabolic pathways leading to the onset of diabetes, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular (CV) complications. On the other hand, it is difficult to counteract the development of CV complications by using conventional antioxidants. Indeed, interest has focused on strategies that enhance the removal of ROS using either antioxidants or drugs that enhance endogenous antioxidant defense. Although these strategies have been effective in laboratory experiments, several clinical trials have shown that they do not reduce CV events, and in some cases antioxidants have actually worsened the outcome. More research is needed in this field.
Lipids in Health and Disease
Background: Nutraceuticals represent a new therapeutic frontier in the treatment of metabolic syndrom (MetS) and related cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of Armolipid Plus (AP) (berberine 500 mg, red yest rice, monacolin K 3 mg and policosanol 10 mg) on insulin resistance, lipid profile, particularly on small and dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C), representing the most atherogenic components, as well as its effects on high sensitivity C-reactive protein, a notable marker of cardiovascular risk, blood pressure and cardiac remodeling in subjects affected by MetS, with left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods: The study was a prospective, multi-center, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred and fifty eight patients, aged between 28 and 76 years old, were enrolled and randomized to receive either one tablet of AP or placebo (PL) once daily for 24 weeks. Anthropometric and vital parameters, total cholesterol (tot-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceridemia (TG), non-HDL cholesterol (NHDL-C) and sdLDL-C were evaluated. Results: After 24 weeks of treatment, the analysis performed on 141 subjects (71 in AP arm and 70 in PL arm), showed a significant improvement of lipid profile in the AP group, with reduction in tot-C (− 13.2 mg/dl), LDL-C (− 13.9 mg/dl) and NHDL-C (− 15.3 mg/dl) and increase in HDL-C (+ 2.0 mg/dl). These changes were equally significant compared with placebo (tot-C: AP − 13.2 mg/dL vs PL + 2.7 mg/dL, p < 0.01; LDL-C: AP-13.9 mg/dl vs PL + 1.5 mg/dl, p < 0.01; NHDL-C: AP-15.3 mg/dl vs PL + 2.8 mg/dl, p < 0.01), Although no significant difference was observed between the two arms in the reduction of HDL-C nevertheless it increased significantly in the AP group (AP + 2 mg/dL p < 0.05, PL 0.13 mg/dL). Conclusion: The results of this study, applicable to a specific local population show that, in a population of subjects affected by MetS, treatment with AP improves the lipid profile and the most atherogenic factors, thus suggesting a reduction in the risk of development and progression of atherosclerosis, particularly in subjects with high atherogenic risk, due to the presence of sdLDL-C.
A Review into Biochemistry of Metabolic Syndrome (Met S)
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.8\_Issue.6\_June2018/IJHSR\_Abstract.045.html, 2018
Metabolic Syndrome (Met S) is an emerging health problem and affects approximately 20-25% of the population globally. The syndrome is also described as “Syndrome X”, “The Deadly Quartet” and “The Insulin Resistance Syndrome”. Physical inactivity, intake of an atherogenic and diabetic diet is risk factors leading to the syndrome (Met S). Clinical symptoms of the disease are obesity, dysglycemia, elevated blood pressure, increased triglycerides levels, decreased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, pro-inflammatory and thrombotic states. Insulin resistance and obesity are considered as the main reasons for the development of Metabolic Syndrome (Met S). Biochemical biomarkers which aid as indicators are leptin, adiponectin, leptin: adiponectin ratio, plasminogen activator inhibitor-I, uric acid, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin -10, oxidized LDL and paraoxonase- I. Metabolic Syndrome (Met S) shows specific biochemical effects in the human body and the metabolic abnormalities can be explained genetically by two hypotheses. Various types of diet have their effects on Metabolic Syndrome (Met S). Overall whole, unprocessed plant foods rich in phytochemicals are considered to provide immense benefit. There are also some single nutrients and bioactive compounds which provide direct benefits like ascorbate, hydroxytyrosol, quercetin, resveratrol, tocopherol and anthocyanins. Changes in lifestyle which includes proper pharmacological treatment, dietary changes promoting weight loss, prevention of obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, decreased salt and alcohol intake prove beneficial in management of Metabolic Syndrome ( Met S). Thus, the syndrome although multifactorial causing immense morbidity and mortality can be treated by effective management of such patients.
Journal of Clinical and Scientific Research, 2012
Background: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes and cardiovascular complications of metabolic syndrome. Endothelial dysfunction which is the key feature of metabolic syndrome and its vascular complication is intimately linked to insulin resistance. This relationship is partly due to oxidative stress. Methods: Twenty five patients with metabolic syndrome (mean age 47.3 ± 2.6 years, 13 males) diagnosed on the basis of National Cholesterol Education Programme/Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP/ATPIII) criteria along with 25 age and gender matched healthy controls (mean age 42.1 ± 1.8 years, 11 males) were studied. Malondialdehyde (MDA), as an index of changes in lipid peroxidation was estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) along with plasma total antioxidant capacity as ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). Results: A significant increase (p=0.001) in MDA levels in the study group was observed when compared to the control group, where as FRAP levels were decreased in the study group compared to the control group (p=0.001). Among the components of metabolic syndrome hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension and waist circumference positively correlated with MDA levels whereas hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and waist circumference correlated negatively with FRAP. Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest the presence of oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome which further increases the cardiovascular risk in these patients. Antioxidant therapy monitored with a simple assay like FRAP would definitely add to the existing measures like reducing abdominal obesity in preventing the cardiovascular sequelae and hence CVD risk in these patients.
Oxidative stress and metabolic diseases: Relevance and therapeutic strategies
Frontiers in Nutrition
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a prominent cause of death worldwide, posing a threat to the global economy and public health. A mechanism that causes the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is associated with metabolic abnormalities. Various processes are involved in oxidative stress (OS) of lipoprotein. Although the concept of the syndrome has been fiercely debated, this confluence of risk factors is associated with a higher chance of acquiring type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance has been found to play a significant role in the progression of these metabolism-associated conditions. It causes lipid profile abnormalities, including greater sensitivity to lipid peroxidation, contributing to the increased prevalence of T2DM and atherosclerosis. This review aims to cover the most recent scientific developments in dietary OS, the consequence of metabolic disorders, and their most significant clinical manifestations (T2DM and atherosclerosis). It wi...