Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia and the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire in acute low back pain (original) (raw)
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Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies
Background: The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) is considered a valid and reliable tool to assess the fear-avoidance behavior in patients. There is a valid and reliable Persian version of the TSK-17. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the internal consistency as a measurement for the test reliability and factor (domain) validity of the Persian version of the TSK-17 to determine whether a modified form can be proposed. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 295 individuals with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess internal consistency (reliability). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to evaluate factor validity which is an aspect of the construct validity. The Chi-square divided by the degrees of freedom, the goodness of fit index (GFI), the confirmatory fit index (CFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) indices were utilized as the goodness-of-fit criteria. Dat...
Journal of Rehabilitation, 2010
Objective: One of the main factor sinfluencing chronicity and disability in low back pain is pain related fear and fear of movement. It was shown that fear of pain is more disabling than the pain itself. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia – Iranian version (TSK-IV) which is one of the most common instruments for measuring fear of movement and reinjury. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and methodologic study which is a tool making and validity testing research, 232 low back pain patients were selected simply from some hospitals and clinics in Tehran. Among these patients 61 patients, participated for retest after seven days. To evaluate psychometric properties of TSK–IV, internal consistency, item-total correlation, test-retest reliability and construct validity were measured. The tools which were used included TSK to measure fear of movement, VAS for measuring pain intensity, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionna...
Black Sea Journal of Health Science
The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale-Short Form in individuals with low back pain. A total of 111 volunteer patients aged between 30 and 65 years (mean 48±12 years) and diagnosed with mechanical low back pain were included in the study. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to the data to test the construct validity. Item-total correlations were calculated to test item discrimination and Cronbach-α values were calculated to test reliability. To determine the criterion validity, the Turkish versions of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the SF-36, the Fear-Avoiding Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) as well as the TSK-11, which was translated into Turkish, were administered. There was no difference between the TSK-11 test and retest measurement results (P>0.05). Cronbach α levels for test and retest were calculated a...
European Journal of Pain, 2004
The present study attempted to replicate the robustness of a two-factor model of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and fibromyalgia patients, by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Construct and predictive validity of the TSK subscales were also examined. Results clearly indicated that a two-factor model fitted best in both pain samples. These two factors were labelled somatic focus, which reflects the belief in underlying and serious medical problems, and activity avoidance, which reflects the belief that activity may result in (re)injury or increased pain. Construct validity of the TSK and its subscales was supported by moderate correlation coefficients with self-report measures of pain-related fear, pain catastrophising, and disability, predominantly in patients with CLBP. Predictive validity was supported by moderate correlation coefficients with performance on physical performance tests (i.e., lifting tasks, bicycle task) mainly in CLBP patients. Implications of the results are discussed and directions for future research are provided.
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 2017
Spine / Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 60S (2017) e16-e21 negative correlations according Shirado test (r = −0.51, P < 0.001) and Sorensen test (r = −0.39, P = 0.004) on a moderate to low level. Discussion/Conclusion Given these results, Kinesiophobia presents a real problem in chronic low back pain patients since it has been significantly correlated with functional abilities and physical deconditioning. We intend to propose multidisciplinary therapeutic management programs. These programs will rely on psychological education and cognitive-behavioral therapies that allow patients to change their erroneous beliefs and to promote functional recovery. Keywords Kinesiophobia; Functional disability; Physical deconditioning; Chronic low back pain Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Pain, kinesiophobia and quality of life of low back pain patients
Revista Dor, 2014
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic low back pain is a musculoskeletal problem with high prevalence and frequent associated conditions, which causes major impact on patients' daily life and quality of life. This study aimed at evaluating pain perception, fear of movement and adherence to treatment of patients with low back pain and surgical indication. METHODS: This is a prospective study with convenience sample made up of low back pain patients, called test group: chronic non-cancer pain patients who were randomly selected and were waiting for surgery. Control group was made up of patients screened by the Pain Clinic, with low back pain, however asymptomatic. Tools were the visual analog scale, the Morisky & Green questionnaire to check adherence to treatment and the Roland-Morris questionnaire to evaluate functional incapacity. Fear of movement was evaluated by the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and quality of life by the Study Short form 12 Health Survey (SF-12) (Medical Outcomes). RESULTS: Mean age of the test group was 38.8±6.5 years with prevalence of females, impaired labor situation and mean education of 8.5±3.8 years. Both mental and physical components had lower quality of life scores in the test group, in addition to more severe pain, functional incapacity and fear of movement. Non-adherence to treatment was seen in 65% of test group patients. CONCLUSION: Fear of movement, functional incapacity and pain observed in test group may have implications in the quality of life of low back pain patients who will be submitted to surgery and may be predictors for the incorporation of different strategies to contribute to more effective approaches.
Pain-related fear: a critical review of the related measures
Pain research and treatment, 2011
In regards to pain-related fear, this study aimed to: (1) identify existing measures and review their measurement properties, and (2) identify the optimum measure for specific constructs of fear-avoidance, pain-related fear, fear of movement, and kinesiophobia. Systematic literature search for instruments designed to measure fear of pain in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain. Psychometric properties were evaluated by adjusted Wind criteria. Five questionnaires (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Fear-Avoidance of Pain Scale (FAPS), Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ), Pain and Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)) were included in the review. The main findings were that for most questionnaires, there was no underlying conceptual model to support the questionnaire's construct. Psychometric properties were evaluated by diverse methods, which complicated comparisons of different versions of the same questionnaires. Construct v...
Norming of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia across pain diagnoses and various countries
Pain, 2011
The present study aimed to develop norms for the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), a frequently used measure of fear of movement/(re)injury. Norms were assessed for the TSK total score as well as for scores on the previously proposed TSK activity avoidance and TSK somatic focus scales. Data from Dutch, Canadian, and Swedish pain samples were used (N = 3082). Norms were established using multiple regression to obtain more valid and reliable norms than can be obtained by subgroup analyses based on age or gender. In the Dutch samples (N = 2236), pain diagnosis was predictive of all TSK scales. More specifically, chronic low back pain displayed the highest scores on the TSK scores followed by upper extremity disorder, fibromyalgia, and osteoarthritis. Gender was predictive of TSK somatic focus scores and age of TSK activity avoidance scores, with male patients having somewhat higher scores than female patients and older patients having higher scores compared with younger patients. In the Canadian (N = 510) and Swedish (N = 336) samples, gender was predictive of all TSK scales, with male patients having somewhat higher scores than female patients. These norm data may assist the clinician and researcher in the process of decision making and treatment evaluation.
Qual Quant, 2009
The purpose of this study was to qualitatively evaluate patients understanding and interpretation of the wording used in test items of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK was developed to measure fear of movement in patients suffering from low back pain. The TSK is being increasingly used for other pain conditions. Patients with sub-acute neck pain experience problems while completing this questionnaire. The aim of this study was to elicit these problems. The study was conducted within the framework of a randomised controlled trial. The Three-Step Test Interview (TSTI) was used to collect data on the thoughts or considerations of respondents while completing the TSK. In the analysis, each transcribed interview was divided into three segments. The thoughts and considerations were then analysed and categorised per item. During the TSTI two problems were identified. One concerned the meaning of specific words used, like "dangerous" and "injury". The other problem was that several implicit assumptions within some items make it difficult for respondents to answer these items. It was concluded that in the development and validation of questionnaires like the TSK, not only quantitative psychometric properties are important, but also qualitative research has an important contribution to enhance applicability.