Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Digital Photogrammetry as Tools for the Archaeological Recording – The Case of Convento de Cristo (original) (raw)
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ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Conservation planning is a complex process involving a wide range of agents such as architects, engineers, conservators and archaeologists. Their integrated inputs contribute to the definition of criteria for the conservation project and the conservation strategy. In this process, graphical documentation is a common denominator to all involved areas-of-expertise. It provides the basis for the dialog between agents coming from different fields of knowledge that often don't speak the same technical language nor share the same codes. The way this dialog can be improved through documentation is the main motivation of our study. In this paper we analyze the requirements of digital documentation in Cultural Heritage (CH) conservation strategies, and we tackle the fundamental role of photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and integrated implementation throughout the several steps, from the fieldwork to the conservation planning for CH sites. The described process is demonstrated through the case study of 'the conservation project of the historic walls of Lagos', in south Portugal. After introduction and related work, the study is structured in four main sections. In the second section, we present the case study and conduct an analysis of existing data and preliminary synthesis of heritage values related to the historic walls of Lagos. Second section corresponds to an overview of the project workflow. This spans from recording and documentation, considering geometry, colour, light, materials and degradation forms; to their analysis and diagnosis, resulting in criteria and guidelines for the intervention actions. Third section emphasises on how the simultaneous use of photogrammetry and TLS in the documentation process, and its relationship with other methods and techniques, introduces a distinctive character in the conservation project. Fourth section is about the documentation process with photogrammetry and TLS. Finally, fifth section focus in the analysis and architectural project.
This paper is about a complete photogrammetric record of St. Domingo de Silos' Church (XIV th century), in Alcala la Real (Jaen, Spain). It was declared National Monument in 1931. At present it is a ruin heavily damaged and near to collapse. So, local authorities have decided urgent actions for the reconstruction. Previous to the restoration works, different surveying and photogrammetric techniques were used for a reconstruction project and cataloguing of an important historical building, but at moderate costs with the extensive use of non metric and semi-metric instrumentation. A wide variety of photogrammetric methods and instruments has been applied: analytical and digital plotters; terrestrial metric, semi-metric (reseau plate) and non metric cameras (analogical and digital). Stereoscopic pairs, when possible, were taken with the help of a device which allowed for stereoscopic shots. Convergent photographs were also taken in order to reach a favourable geometry for bundle adjustment (selfcalibration) and control point densification. Both photogrammetric and desktop scanners were used. To maintain low costs, the main final products, in case of planar surfaces, were mosaics of rectified photographs. Cross sections, modelling and structural analysis of deformation of walls and a vault were also made in order to support the final architectural restoration project.
Cultural heritage documentation projects very often combine different acquisition methods as tacheometry, photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning. In this paper we compare these three methods for recording of heritage buildings. Our test object is the medieval castle of Haut-Andlau (Alsace, France), documented in 2006-2008. This castle is of particular interest for our investigations since its architecture is the result of different construction styles completed over the centuries. Old buildings are rarely regularly shaped and most of their facades are made of very complex curved structures. The documentation of the castle became a true challenge, regarding the constraints implied on the one hand by the steep and abrupt terrain surrounding the castle and on the other hand by the dense and broadening vegetation close to the castle. It became rapidly obvious that a unique technique would not overcome the vegetation and relief obstacles. The main part of the data capture was based on TLS. For completion of the laser scanner data at occluded building parts and for accuracy assessment, stereoscopic as well as multi-image models have been captured. Advantages and disadvantages of the different methods will be discussed in this paper. A quality assessment leads to the analysis of the models derived from each technique and to a crucial experience for further campaigns.
Terrestrial Photogrammetry Applied to Architectural Restoration and Archaeological Surveys
2000
This paper describes and illustrates with examples, the continuous evolution in methods and tools used at the Institute of Photogrammetry of the University of de Los Andes, for applications of Terrestrial Photogrammetry in Architectural Restoration, and Archaeological Surveys. Since the late seventies, when this branch of photogrammetry was initiated at our institute, a series of works have been realised, each time with more complexity. Actually we are using techniques involving the use of CAD software for the 3-D representation of objects, and image processing to incorporate photographs of facades in the restitution, archaeological surveys using small format aerial photographs and terrestrial cameras, and self developed software for the image treatment. The combined use of those techniques, allows to conduct its applications in the field of architecture and archaeology to vanguard levels, according to the actual trends in photogrammetry.
Studies in Archaeometry, 2020
The introduction of new technologies in recent decades has opened new methodological avenues and theoretical approaches that are of great interest to archaeological research and conservation of historical heritage. This study delves into two of these, Structure from Motion photogrammetry by drone and LiDAR, and describes their advantages and disadvantages in the framework of Architecture and Landscape analyses. Case studies of each type were carried out on two medieval fortresses, Órgiva and Poqueira (and their surroundings) perched on steep slopes of Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain). Each of the studies took into account questions of graphic quality, geometric precision, coverage and handling costs and offer a method allowing integration of the microspatial scale of Archaeology of Architecture into the macrospatial scale of Landscape Archaeology. These new remote sensing technologies are of great use in obtaining quality and precise records that enable offering new data and perspectives to old historical and archaeological problems.
Integration of photogrammetric and terrestrial laser scanning techniques for heritage documentation
Virtual Archaeology Review, 2011
This paper presents the preliminary works of the Integration of Photogrammetric and Terrestrial Laser Scanner Techniques for Heritage Documentation Research Project (IFOTEL TIN2009-09939; Ministry of Science and Innovation, National Programme R+D+I, 2008-2011). The IFOTEL project aims with the improvement and optimization of heritage documentation by means of combination and integration of different methods and techniques, mainly close range photogrammetry (both terrestrial and aerial with light platforms), terrestrial laser scanner and surveying, joining the advantages of the different methods but also minimizing the disadvantages of each single technique.
Applied Sciences
The discovery of a Roman mosaic from the 2nd century AD in Cantillana (Seville) generated interest and the need for exhaustive documentation, so that it could be recreated with real measurements in a 3D model, not only to obtain an exact replica, but with the intention of analyzing and studying the behavior of two main geomatics techniques. Thus, the objective of this study was the comparative analysis of both techniques: near object photogrammetry by SfM and terrestrial laser scanner or TLS. The aim of this comparison was to assess the use of both techniques in archaeological excavations. Special attention was paid to the accuracy and precision of measurements and models, especially in altimetry. Mosaics are frequently relocated from their original location to be exhibited in museums or for restoration work, after which they are returned to their original place. Therefore, the altimetric situation is of special relevance. To analyze the accuracy and errors of each technique, a tota...
Heritage, 2022
The cloister from the old monastery of San Francisco (Cazalla de la Sierra, Seville) has been suffering a series of remodeling transformations from its original construction in the 16th century to the current day. Thus, a study of building archaeology needed to be accomplished by using photogrammetric techniques by SfM (Structure from Motion) and laser scanning or TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning), which ensure the geometric exactitude and high resolution of the facings surveying. For that, over 500 images were taken for the 4 existing facings (about 78 lineal meters) from which a photogrammetric model was obtained of over 50 million polygons, as well as a cloud of over 40 million points from the laser scanning. It can be concluded that by using the techniques of SfM, the task of documenting, analyzing and studying the facings of the historical building in order to establish its evolutional process gains not only precision and exactitude but also opens the possibility to go further by obtaining products that are capable of helping us conserve, restore and protect the historical heritage, as well as generate the 3D virtualizations planned for the diffusion.
SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings, 2017
In the process of documenting cultural heritage, traditional techniques have left their place to digital techniques, as their efforts to acquire the right data in the shortest time have developed in technology in recent years.The most common of these techniques is the terrestrial laser scanning technique and the terrestrial photogrammetry technique. In the documentation of cultural heritage, the level at which these methods are used today is quite pleasing. The greatest advantage of these methods is that it enables the observer to obtain the 3D model very precisely in a very short time without touching the object (minimum contact). The terrestrial photogrammetric modeling of the historical Şekerfuruş mosque in Konya has enabled the resulting product to be richer in terms of visual information, allowing the acquired data to be updated, shared and archived at any time.
CIPA, 2003
We present here the first steps towards the development of a tool for architectural and patrimonial survey which combines the laser scanning techniques, close range photogrammetry and a fine analysis closer to the studied field, here architecture and archaeology. The present work is the result of a join cooperation between, INN.TEC.srl, an Italian Innovation Technology Consortium, with a Center of Competence (Topotek) specialized in geomatic problems and in particular in the treatment of cloud of 3D points coming from Laser scanner, a French CNRS laboratory working on close range photogrammetry in the context of architecture and archaeology and a laboratory from the university of Rome III, specialized in the representation of architecture. We present a knowledge based survey tool which combines mixed means of Laser Scanner and photogrammetry measurement. The statement is articulated in three phases: