The phylogenetic relationships of cynopterine fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae: Cynopterinae) (original) (raw)
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American Museum Novitates
Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Yinpterochiroptera: Pteropodidae) are a diverse radiation endemic to the tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, and nearby island archipelagos. Recent molecular analyses have provided considerable resolution of phylogenetic relationships within this group, but many points of uncertainty have remained including the position of several enigmatic taxa (e.g., Notopteris, Eidolon), relationships among species in more diverse subfamilies and genera (e.g., Pteropodinae, Pteropus, Epomophorus), and topology of the backbone of the tree. Here we provide a new, synthetic analysis including representatives of all 45 currently recognized genera and enhanced sampling in several speciose genera. Our matrix included four nuclear genes regions (vWF, RAG1, RAG2, and BRCA1) and four mitochondrial gene loci (Cytb, tRNA valine, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA) for a total of >8000 bp including new sequence data for 13 species. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses resulted in trees supporting recognition of six main suprageneric clades similar in content to those identified in our previous studies. We did not recover strong support for relationships among the main clades along
Phylogenetic Relationships of Fruit Bats (Family: Pteropodidae). 2006
The taxonomic relationships of the Old World fruit bat family, Pteropodinae, by Anderson (1912) using morphological characters have been challenged by several authors. Previous studies using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) found major disagreement between morphology and molecular data in inferring the phylogeny of the fruit bats. Fifty-eight samples from 14 species of the Malaysian fruit bats (Family: Pteropodidae) was used in this study to examine on the phylogenogenetic relationship between species of fruit bats using 395 base pairs of partial mtDNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene. Our phylogenetic analysis using neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony methods failed to support the monophyly of both the rousettine and cynopterine groups of the Subfamily Pteropodinae.
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2011
Background: The family Pteropodidae comprises bats commonly known as megabats or Old World fruit bats. Molecular phylogenetic studies of pteropodids have provided considerable insight into intrafamilial relationships, but these studies have included only a fraction of the extant diversity (a maximum of 26 out of the 46 currently recognized genera) and have failed to resolve deep relationships among internal clades. Here we readdress the systematics of pteropodids by applying a strategy to try to resolve ancient relationships within Pteropodidae, while providing further insight into subgroup membership, by 1) increasing the taxonomic sample to 42 genera; 2) increasing the number of characters (to >8,000 bp) and nuclear genomic representation; 3) minimizing missing data; 4) controlling for sequence bias; and 5) using appropriate data partitioning and models of sequence evolution.
… and fifty years …, 2005
The taxonomic relationships of the Old World fruit bat family, Pteropodinae, by Anderson (1912) using morphological characters have been challenged by several authors. Previous studies using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) found major disagreement between morphology and molecular data in inferring the phylogeny of the fruit bats. Fifty-eight samples from 14 species of the Malaysian fruit bats (Family: Pteropodidae) was used in this study to examine on the phylogenogenetic relationship between species of fruit bats using 395 base pairs of partial mtDNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene. Our phylogenetic analysis using neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony methods failed to support the monophyly of both the rousettine and cynopterine groups of the Subfamily Pteropodinae.
Cladistics, 2003
The phylogeny of megachiropteran bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) has been investigated using several different molecular datasets. These studies differed widely in taxonomic and locus sampling, and their results tended to lack resolution of internal nodes and were themselves largely incongruent. To address this, we assembled a data set of 5 loci (up to 3.5 kbp from 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, tDNA-valine, cytochrome b, and the nuclear gene c-mos) for 43 species of megachiropterans and 6 microchiropteran outgroups. We analyzed these data with direct optimization under equal costs for substitutions and indels. We used POY in a parallel setting, and searches consisted of replicated swapping + refinements (ratcheting, tree fusing, and iterative pass optimization). Our results indicate that Megachiroptera and all recognized genera (including Pteropus) are monophyletic, and that Melonycteris is the sister group of the clade containing all the other genera. Clades previously proposed using molecular data, as well as many new and traditional groups, were well-supported, and various sources suggest that the degree of conflict with morphological data may be considerably less marked than previously supposed. Analysis of individual loci suffer 70% loss in the number of compatible groups recovered across all analyses with respect to combined analyses. Our results indicate that, within Megachiroptera, nectarivory and cave-dwelling originated several times, but echolocation (used for obstacle detection) evolved only once. Megachiropterans likely originated in SE Asia-Melanesia, and colonized Africa at least four times.
Australian Journal of Zoology, 1995
We constructed DNA-hybridisation matrices comparing 18 genera of Megachiroptera and an outgroup microchiropteran, and eight species of Pteropus and two related genera. Three species each of Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera, two of Primates, and an outgroup armadillo were compared in another matrix; additional representatives of other mammalian orders figured in a further set of experiments. Among the megachiropterans examined, Nyctimene and Paranyctimene comprise the sistergroup to other pteropodids. Of the 'macroglossines', only Macroglossus and Syconycteris are associated apart from typical pteropodines, while the four remaining nectar-feeders (Eonycteris, Megaloglossus, Melonycteris, Notopteris) are independently linked with non-nectar-feeding clades. Thus, Megaloglossus is the nearest relative of Lissonycteris, with Epomophorus and Rousettus successive sister-groups to both, while Eonycteris is the sister of all four; Melonycteris and Pteralopex form a trichotomy with the closely related Acerodon and Pteropus, and Notopteris is the sister-taxon to all four. It therefore appears that anatomical specialisations for nectar-and pollen-feeding evolved (or were lost) several times within Pteropodidae. Cynopterus and Dobsonia represent additional clades within the Pteropodinae, with which Thoopterus and Aproteles are respectively paired. Comparisons among species of Pteropus and related genera suggest that Acerodon may be congeneric with Pteropus, but that Pteralopex clearly is not. The ordinal-level matrices support bat monophyly: no order tested is closer to either of the chiropteran suborders than they are to each other, and bats are separated from Primates by at least two nodes. On the basis of previous rate determinations for mammals, we estimate that the African grouping (Epomophorus, Megaloglossus, Lissonycteris) is mid-Miocene in origin, that the two major pteropodid subfamilies (Nyctimeninae and Pteropodinae, including 'Macroglossinae') separated in the Early Miocene, and that the divergence of chiropteran suborders dates from the latest Cretaceous or earliest Palaeocene. Arrangement of genera within Pteropodidae supports the family's Australo-Pacific or southeast Asian origin.
The taxonomic relationships of the Old World fruit bat family, Pteropodinae, by Anderson (1912) using morphological characters have been challenged by several authors. Previous studies using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) found major disagreement between morphology and molecular data in inferring the phylogeny of the fruit bats. Fifty-eight samples from 14 species of the Malaysian fruit bats (Family: Pteropodidae) was used in this study to examine on the phylogenogenetic relationship between species of fruit bats using 395 base pairs of partial mtDNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene. Our phylogenetic analysis using neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony methods failed to support the monophyly of both the rousettine and cynopterine groups of the Subfamily Pteropodinae.
Australian Journal of Zoology, 1995
We constructed DNA-hybridisation matrices comparing 18 genera of Megachiroptera and an outgroup microchiropteran, and eight species of Pteropus and two related genera. Three species each of Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera, two of Primates, and an outgroup armadillo were compared in another matrix; additional representatives of other mammalian orders figured in a further set of experiments. Among the megachiropterans examined, Nyctimene and Paranyctimene comprise the sister-group to other pteropodids. Of the 'macroglossines', only Macroglossus and Syconycteris are associated apart from typical pteropodines, while the four remaining nectar-feeders (Eonycteris, Megaloglossus, Melonycteris, Notopteris) are independently linked with non-nectar-feeding clades. Thus, Megaloglossus is the nearest relative of Lissonycteris, with Epomophorus and Rousettus successive sister-groups to both, while Eonycteris is the sister of all four; Melonycteris and Pteralopex form a trichotomy with...
The taxonomic relationships of the Old World fruit bat family, Pteropodinae, by Anderson (1912) using morphological characters have been challenged by several authors. Previous studies using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) found major disagreement between morphology and molecular data in inferring the phylogeny of the fruit bats. Fifty-eight samples from 14 species of the Malaysian fruit bats (Family: Pteropodidae) was used in this study to examine on the phylogenogenetic relationship between species of fruit bats using 395 base pairs of partial mtDNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene. Our phylogenetic analysis using neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony methods failed to support the monophyly of both the rousettine and cynopterine groups of the Subfamily Pteropodinae.
Phylogeny of fruit bats inferred using 12S and 16S rRNA. 2008. Scopus Index
2008
Fourteen species of the Malaysian fruit bats (Pteropodidae) were used in this DNA taxonomy using 1,334bp of the 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) valine and 16S rRNA gene segments. Previous studies using DNA found contradictions between morphology and molecular data in inferring the phylogeny of the fruit bats proposed by Andersen (1912). Our phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining and the maximum parsimony methods did not support the monophyly of the subfamily Macroglossinae and the cynopterine group of the subfamily Pteropodinae as proposed by classical taxonomists. This is congruent with previous molecular studies. Here, we provide the first registered 12S rRNA, tRNA valine and 16S rRNA sequence records for Dyacopterus spadiceus in the GenBank database. This study represents the first attempt to infer the phylogenetic relationship of fruit bats from Malaysia using molecular methods.