Degradable biomaterials based on magnesium corrosion (original) (raw)
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Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys: A Review of Material Development and Applications
Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials, and Tissue Engineering, 2012
Magnesium based alloys possess a natural ability to biodegrade due to corrosion when placed within aqueous substances, which is promising for cardiovascular and orthopedic medical device applications. These materials can serve as a temporary scaffold when placed in vivo, which is desirable for treatments when temporary supportive structures are required to assist in the wound healing process. The nature of these materials to degrade is attributed to the high oxidative corrosion rates of magnesium. In this review, a summary is presented for magnesium material development, biocorrosion characteristics, as well as a biological translation for these results.
Biocompatibility and degradation study of magnesium alloys: a review
2020
Metallic materials like stainless steel, Co-based and Ti alloys are being used as biomedical implants. The problem of stress shielding and metal ion releases exhibits with these metals, which affects biocompatibility and corrosion behaviour of implants. Also, the secondary removal surgery is one of the biggest reasons behind the exposure of the body to the toxic contents. This leads to the development of biodegradable metallic biomaterials which eliminates secondary surgery to remove the implant. Magnesium (Mg) as a trace element of human body possesses excellent properties to be a biodegradable medical implant like low density and young’s modulus, good biocompatibility and Osseo-integration, also it is non-toxic in body fluids. Magnesium alloys also having good mechanical properties reliable to bear body loads. In this review, the effects of alloying elements and surface treatment such as coating on corrosion behaviour of Mg alloys are summarized which describes the degradation rat...
Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2017
Magnesium (Mg) alloys are attracting increasing interest as the most suitable metallic materials for construction of biodegradable and bio-absorbable temporary implants. However, Mg-alloys can suffer premature and catastrophic fracture under the synergy of cyclic loading and corrosion (i.e., corrosion fatigue (CF)). Though Mg alloys are reported to be susceptible to CF also in the corrosive human body fluid, there are very limited studies on this topic. Furthermore, the in vitro test parameters employed in these investigations have not properly simulated the actual conditions in the human body. This article presents an overview of the findings of available studies on the CF of Mg alloys in pseudo-physiological solutions and the employed testing procedures, as well as identifying the knowledge gap.
Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2016
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been extensively explored as potential biodegradable implant materials for orthopaedic applications (e.g. Fracture fixation). However, the rapid corrosion of Mg based alloys in physiological conditions has delayed their introduction for therapeutic applications to date. The present review focuses on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications of biodegradable Mg alloys for orthopaedic applications. Initially, the corrosion behaviour of Mg alloys and the effect of alloying elements on corrosion and biocompatibility is discussed. Furthermore, the influence of polymeric deposit coatings, namely sol-gel, synthetic aliphatic polyesters and natural polymers on corrosion and biological performance of Mg and its alloy for orthopaedic applications are presented. It was found that inclusion of alloying elements such as Al, Mn, Ca, Zn and rare earth elements provides improved corrosion resistance to Mg alloys. It has been also observed that sol-gel and synthetic aliphatic polyesters based coatings exhibit improved corrosion resistance as compared to natural polymers, which has higher biocompatibility due to their biomimetic nature. It is concluded that, surface modification is a promising approach to improve the performance of Mg-based biomaterials for orthopaedic applications.
In vitro studies of biomedical magnesium alloys in a simulated physiological environment: A review
In spite of the immense potential of biodegradable magnesium alloys, the fast degradation rates of Mg-based biomedical implants in the physiological environment impose severe limitations in many clinical applications. Consequently, extensive in vitro studies have been carried out to investigate the materials’ performance and fathom the associated mechanisms. Here, an up-to-date review of the in vitro studies on biomedical magnesium alloys in a simulated physiological environment is provided. This review focuses on four topics: (1) materials selection and in vitro biocompatibility of biomedical magnesium alloys; (2) in vitro degradation of biomedical magnesium alloys in simulated physiological environments, specifically discussing corrosion types, degradation rates, corrosion products and impact of the constituents in body fluids on materials degradation; (3) selection of suitable test media for in vitro assessment; and (4) future research trends.
Corrosionand Biocompatibility Assessment of Magnesium Alloys
Journal of Biomaterials and …, 2012
Magnesium due to its good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, necessity in metabolic processes and lightness in weight, is an ideal candidate for biodegradable implants. The major concerns with magnesium and its alloys are that of rapid and non-uniform corrosion. In this investigation, magnesium based binary, ternary and quaternary alloys were studied for their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In vitro corrosion resistance of the alloys was studied in accordance with ASTM G 102-89 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37˚C. The surface morphology of the alloys was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the wettability of the alloys was determined by contact angle measurements. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the leached metal ions on the viability of osteoblast was evaluated bysulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.
Magnesium as a biodegradable and bioabsorbable material for medical implants
JOM, 2009
For many years, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, and titanium alloys have been the primary biomaterials used for load-bearing applications. However, as the need for structural materials in temporary implant applications has grown, materials that provide short-term structural support and can be reabsorbed into the body after healing are being sought. Since traditional metallic biomaterials are biocompatible but not biodegradable, the potential for magnesium-based alloys, which are biodegradable and bioabsorbable, in biomedical applications has gained more interest. Biodegradable and bioabsorbable magnesium-based alloys provide a number of benefits over traditional permanent implants. This paper summarizes the history and current status of magnesium as a bioabsorbable implant material. Also discussed is the development of a magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy that demonstrates promising degradation behavior relative to a commercially available Mg and magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy.
Biodegradable magnesium implants for orthopedic applications
The clinical application of degradable ortho-pedic magnesium implants is a tangible vision in medical science. This interdisciplinary review discusses many different aspects of magnesium alloys comprising the manufacturing process and the latest research. We present the challenges of the manufacturing process of magnesium implants with the risk of contamination with impurities and its effect on corrosion. Furthermore, this paper provides a summary of the current examination methods used in in vitro and in vivo research of magnesium alloys. The influence of various parameters (most importantly the effect of the corrosive media) in in vitro studies and an overview about the current in vivo research is given.
Corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue behavior of magnesium alloy bioimplants
Corrosion Reviews, 2022
The use of magnesium and its alloys as temporary implants has gained interest in the last two decades due to their good mechanical properties and bio-degradability in the in-vivo conditions. However, the issues of higher corrosion rate and stress corrosion cracking persist, which are responsible for the implants' early failure. This review paper focuses on the challenges involved in the use of magnesium-based implants and the advancements in mitigating the corrosion-related issues for in-vivo use of biodegradable magnesium alloy implants. Herein we review the degradation behavior of three groups of magnesium alloys, i.e., aluminumcontaining Mg alloy, rare earth element (REE) containing Mg alloy, and aluminum-free Mg alloy in a variety of testing media. We also review various surface modification techniques such as mechanical methods, physical methods, and chemical methods adopted to address the shortcomings of the Mg alloys. Furthermore, recent developments in Mg based bioimplants such as Mg-based open porous scaffolds, nanostructured Mg alloys and Mg based bulk metallic glasses are reviewed. In the end, recent clinical trials of the Mg-based implant were reported in detail.
Novel Magnesium Alloys Developed for Biomedical Application: A Review
There is an increasing interest in the development of magnesium alloys both for industrial and biomedical applications. Industrial interest in magnesium alloys is based on strong demand of weight reduction of transportation vehicles for better fuel efficiency, so higher strength, and better ductility and corrosion resistance are required. Nevertheless, biomedical magnesium alloys require appropriate mechanical properties, suitable degradation rate in physiological environment, and what is most important, biosafety to human body. Rather than simply apply commercial magnesium alloys to biomedical field, new alloys should be designed from the point of view of nutriology and toxicology. This article provides a review of state-of-the-art of magnesium alloy implants and devices for orthopedic, cardiovascular and tissue engineering applications. Advances in new alloy design, novel structure design and surface modification are overviewed. The factors that influence the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys are discussed and the strategy in the future development of biomedical magnesium alloys is proposed.