Animal model of Mycoplasma fermentans respiratory infection (original) (raw)
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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1998
A correlation was found between the expression of a specific Mycoplasma fermentans surface antigen (Pra, proteinase-resistant antigen) and the site of isolation of the organism from the infected host. Strains which expressed Pra were most frequently associated with cells of bone marrow origin, and strains which lacked expression of Pra were most commonly isolated from the respiratory tract, genital tract, and arthritic joints, i.e., epithelial cell surfaces. Pra was previously shown to be resistant to degradation by proteinases and was hypothesized to play a protective role at the organism surface and perhaps to influence which host tissue site was colonized by the organism. The methods used for this phenotyping scheme required isolation and growth of the mycoplasma in quantities sufficient for immunoblot analysis using monoclonal antibodies. We wanted to determine a more rapid and less cumbersome technique to supplement this method for determining the Pra phenotype directly in clin...
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae: An overview
RSSL Life Science Insights, 2024
Mycoplasmas are very simple bacteria. They have a minimalist genome and no protective cell wall (due to the absence of peptidoglycan). In fact, mycoplasmas possess the smallest genomes of any organism able to replicate itself. Mycoplasma genitalium is said to be the world's smallest free-living bacterium with only 525 genes, as opposed to the 4,288 of the bacterium Escherichia coli.1 Nevertheless, mycoplasmas are common and successful pathogens that can cause infections in the lungs, joints, breasts and udders of animals (including atypical pneumonia). Sandle, T. (2024) Mycoplasma Pneumoniae: An overview, RSSL Life Sciences, 25th October 2024: https://www.rssl.com/insights/life-science-pharmaceuticals/mycoplasma-pneumoniae-an-overview/
Clearance of different strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis from the respiratory tract of C3H/HeN mice
Infection and Immunity
Pathogen-free C3H/HeN mice were exposed by aerosol to Mycoplasma pulmonis PG34(ASH), UAB 5782C, Ml, UAB T, or UAB CT, and clearance of mycoplasmas from the nasal passages, trachea, and lungs was determined during the first 72 h postinoculation (PI). There were differences among strains of mycoplasmas in physical removal of organisms and in killing by nonspecific factors in the nasal passages and trachea. The avirulent strain, PG34(ASH), was quickly removed from the nasal passages and trachea. Physical removal of the other mycoplasmal strains occurred slowly, with 60 to 89% of the radioactive label remaining in the nasal passages and trachea even after 72 h. There were significant differences in killing among mycoplasmal strains by nonspecific host mechanisms in the nasal passages, trachea, and lungs. Strain UAB T was quickly killed at all levels of the respiratory tract. Strains UAB 5782C and Ml were killed at all three sites by 2 to 4 h PI. The most virulent strain, UAB CT, was killed much more slowly than the other strains. However, there was no statistical difference in the relative numbers of mycoplasmas present in the lungs at 72 h PI among strains UAB CT, UAB 5782C, and Ml. These studies showed that the different mycoplasmal strains were cleared from the respiratory tract by different mechanisms and suggest that the differences in virulence among the mycoplasma strains can be explained, in part, by the differences in elimination of the organisms from the respiratory tract by nonspecific host defense mechanisms.
Mycoplasma Infections in Humans
Military Medical Science Letters, 2013
Members of the genus Mycoplasma are parasitic bacteria that are widespread in nature. Several Mycoplasma species are important causative agents of various infections of mucosal surfaces in humans, especially in the urogenital or respiratory tracts. Pathogenetic mechanisms of mycoplasmas are intensively studied. The "gold" standard of mycoplasma detection is cultivation, which is very difficult and time-consuming. The other options for identifying mycoplasmas include direct antigen detection or molecular-biology methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, DNA-hybridization and sequencing. Mycoplasmas are naturally resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics because of lack of cell wall. Tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones are regarded as the first choice in the treatment of mycoplasma infections. Several reports have documented resistance of mycoplasmas to macrolides worldwide. This report summarizes our current knowledge of laboratory diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasma infections.
Experimental arthritis induced by a clinical Mycoplasma fermentans isolate
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2002
Background Mycoplasma fermentans has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, it was detected in the joints and blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not clear yet how the bacteria enter the body and reach the joints. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of M. fermentans to induce experimental arthritis in rabbits following inoculation of the bacteria in the trachea and knee joints. Methods P-140 and PG-18 strains were each injected in the knee joints of 14 rabbits in order to evaluate and compare their arthritogenicity. P-140 was also injected in the trachea of 14 rabbits in order to test the ability of the bacteria to reach the joints and induce arthritis. Results M. fermentans produced an acute arthritis in rabbits. Joint swelling appeared first in rabbits injected with P-140, which caused a more severe arthritis than PG-18. Both strains were able to migrate to the uninoculated knee joints and they were detected viable in the joints all along the duration of the experiment. Changes in the synovial tissue were more severe by the end of the experiment and characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils and substitution of adipose tissue by connective tissue. Rabbits intracheally injected with P-140 showed induced arthritis and the bacteria could be isolated from lungs, blood, heart, kidney, spleen, brain and joints. Conclusion M. fermentans induced arthritis regardless of the inoculation route. These findings may help explain why mycoplasmas are commonly isolated from the joints of rheumatic patients.
Isolation of Mycoplasma species from respiratory infections of sheep and goats
The present study is carried out on isolation of Mycoplasma species from respiratory infections of sheep and Goats because Mycoplasma is also one of the major etiological agent in the production of respiratory infections which produces economic losses to small-scale farmers. In the present study a total of 188 Mycoplasma suspected samples, 95 (44 nasal swabs, 49 lung tissues and 2 pleural fluids) from sheep and 93 (56 nasal swabs, 33 lung tissues and 4 pleural fluids) from goats were collected. Isolation carried out on PPLO broth and PPLO agar. Positive samples produce color change in broth from brown to yellow and production of two different types of colonies on agar. One type is typical fried egg colony and other type is nipple-like with prominent tip. Conformation also done by PCR targeting Mycoplasma genus yielding 280 bp product size.
Mycoplasma muris and Mycoplasma pulmonis infections in Genital and Respiratory Tracts
2018
1. Research and development Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Educationand Extension Organization, Hesarak, Karaj, Alborz, Iran. 2. Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazanderan, Tonekabon, Iran. 3. Mycoplasma reference laboratory, Razi vaccine and serum research institute, Agricultural Research, Educationand Extension Organization, Hesarak, Karaj, Alborz, Iran. 4. Quality Assurance, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Agricultural Research, Educationand Extension Organization, Hesarak, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.