Development of neurotransmitter modulation on aggression and dominance hierarchy in cricket, Gryllus Bimaculatus (original) (raw)
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Neural Modeling of Social Adaptive Behaviors of Insects
All the life forms such as humans, animals and insects, can behave adaptively even in diverse and complex environment in various types of behaviors. Such adaptive behaviors are considered to emerge from the interaction of the body, brain, and environment, which is induced by the active mobility of the cognitive subject. Base on the consideration, we call the intelligence for generating adaptive motor function mobiligence. The Mobiligence project started from 2005 as s five-years project to understand the mechanisms for the generation of intelligent adaptive behaviors. In the group C of the mobiligence project, we focus on mechanism whereby a cognitive subject adapt to other cognitive subjects or its society. In this paper, some neural models of the social adaptive behaviors of insects are introduced, such as on proportion control in caste differentiation of termites, and on behavior selection in fighting behaviors of male crickets.
The Journal of experimental biology, 1995
Octopamine has been called the 'fight or flight' hormone of insects. We tested this hypothesis by measuring octopamine levels in the haemolymph of field crickets after fighting, flying, courting and escape behaviours. Octopamine levels in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus increased during aggressive (agonistic) behaviour from baseline levels of 4.5 +/- 2.1 pg microliters-1 haemolymph to 24.3 +/- 15.2 pg microliters-1 haemolymph, regardless of whether the cricket won or lost the encounter. Octopamine levels also increased after 5 min of flying (to 44.6 +/- 22.3 pg microliters-1) and during courtship. However, crickets did not exhibit an increase in their haemolymph octopamine levels after performing an escape run. Therefore, neurohormonal octopamine shows some, but not all, of the characteristics that would be expected if it were a component of a nonspecific 'arousal' system. Rather, octopamine may be released as a neurohormone to prepare the animal for a period of exte...
Octopamine has been called the 'fight or flight' hormone of insects. We tested this hypothesis by measuring octopamine levels in the haemolymph of field crickets after fighting, flying, courting and escape behaviours. Octopamine levels in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus increased during aggressive (agonistic) behaviour from baseline levels of 4.5±2.1 pg l Ϫ1 haemolymph to 24.3±15.2 pg l Ϫ1 haemolymph, regardless of whether the cricket won or lost the encounter. Octopamine levels also increased after 5 min of flying (to 44.6±22.3 pg l Ϫ1 ) and during courtship. However, crickets did not exhibit an increase in their haemolymph octopamine levels after performing an escape run. Therefore, neurohormonal octopamine shows some, but not all, of the characteristics that would be expected if it were a component of a nonspecific 'arousal' system. Rather, octopamine may be released as a neurohormone to prepare the animal for a period of extended activity or to assist the animal in recovering from a period of increased energy demand. Antennal contact with conspecifics may provide a sensory cue that results in the release of octopamine into the haemolymph.
The biological principles of swarm intelligence
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Neurochemistry as a bridge between morphology and behavior: Perspectives on aggression in insects
Aggression is a common behavioral trait shared in many animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the type and intensity of agonistic encounters and displays can vary widely both across and within species, resulting in complicated or subjective interpretations that create difficulties in developing theoretical models that can be widely applied. The need to easily and objectively identify quantifiable behaviors and their associated morphologies becomes especially important when attempting to decipher the neurological mechanisms underlying this complex behavior. Monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones have been implicated as important neuromodulators for agonistic displays in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Additionally, recent breakthroughs in insect research have revealed exciting proximate mechanisms important in aggression that may be broadly relevant, due to the relatively high conservation of these neurochemical systems across animal taxa. In this review, we present the latest research demonstrating the importance of monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones as neuromodulators for aggression across a variety of insect species. Additionally, we describe the stalk-eyed fly as a model system for studying aggression, which integrates physiological, morphological, and neurochemical approaches in exploring detailed mechanisms responsible for this common yet complex behavior. We conclude with our perspective on the most promising lines of future research aimed at understanding the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying aggressive behaviors.
Insect Sensory Systems Inspired Communications and Computing (II): An Engineering Perspective
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing, 2008
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From Animals to …, 2006
In mixed societies of robots and cockroaches, several insect-likerobot (Insbot) and animals interact in order to perform collective decisionmaking. Many gregarious species are able to collectively select a resting site without any leadership. The key process is based on the modulation of the probability of leaving the shelter according to the total population under this shelter and its light intensity. It is important that cockroaches perceive the robot as a "congener". This recognition is mainly based on a chemical blend. The aim of this study is to validate experimentally (1) the behavioral patterns expressed by the cockroaches in presence of shelters and of an Insbot, and (2) the important role played by the chemical blend on collective decisionmakings.
Effects of Serotonergic and Opioidergic Drugs on Escape Behaviors and Social Status of Male Crickets
Naturwissenschaften, 1999
We examined the effects of selective serotonin depletion and opioid ligands on social rank and related escape behavior of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. Establishment of social rank in a pair of males affected their escape reactions. Losers showed a lower and dominants a higher percentage of jumps in response to tactile cercal stimulation than before a fight. The serotonin-depleting drug amethyltryptophan (AMTP) caused an activation of the escape reactivity in socially naive crickets. AMTP-treated animals also showed a lower ability to become dominants. With an initial 51.6B3.6% of wins in the AMTP group, the percentage decreased to 26B1.6% on day 5 after injection. The opiate receptor antagonist naloxone affected fight and escape similarly as AMTP. In contrast to naloxone, the opioid agonist [d-Ala 2 , N-Me-Phe 4 , Gly 5 -ol]-enkephalin decreased escape responsiveness to cercal stimulation in naive and subordinate crick-ets. We suggest that serotonergic and opioid systems are involved in the dominance induced depression of escape behavior.