Bacterial vaginosis in sexually experienced and non-sexually experienced young women entering the military (original) (raw)
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Journal of Adolescent Health, 2002
mendations. Articles were identified via Medline searches for 19 of the 24 of the GAPS recommendations. (We did not review physical activity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, tuberculosis and immunizations as these topics have been or are being reviewed elsewhere). Searches were restricted to English language articles, published since 1990, and containing subjects age 13 to 18 years old. We identified study content on the burden of illness related to the target behavior; correlation of the target behaviors with outcomes; clinical trials evaluating interventions related to the targeted behavior and design/strength of evidence. Results: 4124 abstracts were identified and 518 articles were reviewed. A final sample of 234 articles were identified that met inclusion criteria for our review. Articles about injury prevention (n ϭ 46) and parental health guidance (n ϭ 31) accounted for 33% of the articles identified. Only 29 (12%) of the articles identified reported on clinical interventions trials and only 16 of these articles were randomized clinical trials. Injury prevention (n ϭ 7) and sexual behavior guidance (n ϭ 5) interventions accounted for 41% of the clinical interventions trials identified. At least one new clinical intervention trial was found for 12 of the 19 guidelines examined. Conclusion: Prevention is key to adolescent healthcare but relatively few clinical preventive service trials have been done in the last 10 years. More trials are needed to improve the efficacy of clinical care for adolescents and to improve the evidence base for adolescent preventive services.
Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and factors associated among women who have sex with women
Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 2018
Objective: to describe the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and factors associated among women who have sex with women. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study with 150 women. The vaginal microbiota profile was analyzed by microscopic examination of vaginal swabs according to the Gram method. Endocervical samples were collected with cytobrush for the investigation of endocervicitis by Chlamydia trachomatis. The polymerase chain reaction was used to diagnosis Human Papillomavirus infection. Socio-demographic data, sexual behavior and clinical history were obtained through an interview. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors independently associated with bacterial vaginosis. Results: among the 150 participants, 71 (47.3%) presented some alteration in the vaginal microbiota, 54 (36.0%) bacterial vaginosis and 12 (8.0%) Flora II. The variable independently associated with bacterial vaginosis was the use of sexual accessories [2.37(1.13-4.97), p=0.0...
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2001
The accuracy and suitability of use of a single intravaginal swab (SIS) for polymerase chain reaction detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and human papillomavirus infection was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 841 active-duty military women. The SIS, compared with standard diagnostic tests, allowed detection of more gonorrhea, more chlamydial infection, and more trichomoniasis. Sensitivity and specificity of SIS detection compared with adjudicated true-positive diagnoses were 95.8% and 97.8%, respectively, for gonorrhea, 94.6% and 99.3% for chlamydial infection, and 92.2% and 98.2% for trichomonal infection. Results with SISs were comparable to those with cervical swabs tested for human papillomavirus. Assay of clinician-collected and self-collected SISs yielded prevalences similar to those of standard diagnostic tests for all sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, the use of SISs is acceptable for the simultaneous diagnosis of multiple sexually transmitted infections and has potential for use as a selfadministered diagnostic tool with widespread applicability among women. Several recent studies have reported that rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in active-duty military women are higher than those among the general US female population aged 14-44 years [1-5]. The prompt diagnosis and treatment of STIs among female soldiers should minimize complications and sequelae,
Bacterial vaginosis: prevalence, risk profile and association with sexually transmitted infections
Revista de Epidemiologia e Controle de Infecção
Background and Objectives: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in the world. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and to identify risk factors associated with bacterial vaginosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ouro Preto, Brazil, between February and December 2017. Three hundred and forty-one women aged 18 years or older, users of the Brazilian Unified Health System, participated in this study. Women who used oral or topical antibiotics in the four weeks prior to the sample collection and women who had undergone a total hysterectomy were excluded from the study. After signing the Informed Consent Form and filling out a questionnaire containing sociodemographic, behavioral and sexual data, the participants were directed to the collection room, where the nurse collected the samples for the preventive examination of the cervix and also two vaginal swabs. Vaginal swabs and cervical samples were analyzed for cytological abnorma...
Sexually transmitted infections in the military environment
International Maritime Health, 2020
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have always been a major health issue affecting military personnel in all types of services and in all armed forces around the world, especially during deployments and in operational settings. Although the research shows that STIs are still reported in the military, the epidemiological risk for contracting a sexually transmitted infection is much lower nowadays than it was in the past. It is important, however, that service members are routinely screened for sexually transmitted diseases. Because of a high prevalence of STIs in the general population as well as the asymptomatic nature of some infections (e.g. HIV, Chlamydia trachomatis), screening of the sexually active service personnel is recommended as a practical method of preventing the spread of STIs and their sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility in women or epididymitis, prostatitis, infertility in men. The rates of STIs in service members have been on the increase in recent years, which may be associated with the fact that more and more women are now seeking a career in the armed forces. Currently, STIs do not only affect male soldiers or their civilian sexual partners (either long-term or casual), but both male and female soldiers alike, especially if they are serving together. The article focuses on the prevalence of STIs in the military in the past and at present, the common STI risk factors and prevention measures.
African Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2016
Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial, superficial vaginal infection involving a reduction in the amount of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus and overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. Common symptoms include increased fishy smelling vaginal discharge which is usually white or gray in color. Burning with urination may occur and itching is uncommon. Risk factors include douching, new or multiple sex partners, antibiotics, and use of intrauterine device among others. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among sexually active women aged 15-45 years. Vaginal swabs were obtained with the use of sterile swab sticks which were later smeared on clean glass slides and then Gram stained. The stained smears were observed for bacterial morphotypes with the X100 oil immersion objective and the Nugent scoring system was used to determine BV. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 17.0 and were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 100 women participated in the study with the overall prevalence of BV rated 38%. The prevalence of BV with respect to associated factors was also investigated and it was observed that BV was more prevalent in the age groups 20-25 (48.1%) and 25-29 (44.4%), those who had attained only primary education (60.5%), married women, (68.4%), pregnant women (71.0%), and women who practiced vaginal douching, (97.4%). However, no statistical significant difference was observed in the prevalence between these parameters (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Conclusively, the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in our study population is 38% and highest among women aged between 25 and 34 years, pregnant women, married women, less educated women and women who practiced poor vaginal hygiene.
Severity of bacterial vaginosis and the risk of sexually transmitted infection
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011
Objective-To determine whether the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and incident sexually transmitted infection (STI) varies with more extreme bacterial vaginosis scores. Study Design-We analyzed the data from 535 women enrolled in a randomized trial to promote dual method contraceptive use. Incident STI was defined as any case of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis or pelvic inflammatory disease. BV was defined based on Gram stain (Nugent score). STI risk was estimated using proportional hazards regression. Results-Binary (0-6 vs. 7-10) and 3-level (negative 0-3, intermediate 4-6 or BV 7-10) categorizations were not associated with time to STI; however, women with the highest Nugent scores (9-10) had a 2.7 fold increased risk of STI (95% CI 1.38-5.17) compared to women with normal flora. Conclusion-Nugent score >8 is associated with incident STI. More accurate classification of BV will allow clinicians to identify those at greatest risk of STI.
Early Sexual Experiences and Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis
The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2010
Background. We have undertaken a cross-sectional study that investigates the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sexual practices in sexually experienced and inexperienced women. Methods. Participants were 17-21-year-old females who attend Melbourne University, Australia. Study kits that contained an information and consent form, questionnaire, swab, and slide were distributed. Information regarding demographic characteristics and a broad range of sexual practices were collected. Gram-stained, selfcollected vaginal smears were scored with the Nugent method. Associations between BV and behaviors were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results. BV was diagnosed in 25 (4.7%) of 528 women (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1%-6.9%). Importantly, BV was not detected in women () without a history of coital or noncoital sexual contact (0%; 95% CI, n p 83 0%-4.3%). BV was detected in 3 (3.8%) of 78 women (95% CI, 0.8%-10.8%) with noncoital sexual experience only and in 22 (6.0%) of 367 women (95% CI, 3.8%-8.9%) who reported penile-vaginal sex. BV was associated with a history of any genital contact with a sexual partner (). BV was strongly associated with 13 penile-P p .02 vaginal sex partners in the prior year (adjusted odds ratio, 7.1; 95% CI, 2.7-18.4) by multivariable analysis. Conclusions. This study shows a strong association between BV and penile-vaginal sex with multiple partners but found no BV in sexually inexperienced women, once a history of noncoital sexual practices was elicited. Our findings indicate that BV is not present in truly sexually inexperienced women. Although bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common genital infections in women of reproductive age, its etiology remains unclear. Previously, the search for causative agents was limited by traditional culturebased and Gram-staining methods, which failed to identify the full spectrum of BV-related bacteria. More recently, molecular techniques have described a highly diverse microbial landscape for BV, and several novel and fastidious organisms have been found to be highly specific for BV [1]. Despite these important develop
Factors Linked to Bacterial Vaginosis in Nonpregnant Women
American Journal of Public Health, 2001
RESEARCH Objectives.The purposes of this study were to test the hypothesis that vaginal douching is linked to bacterial vaginosis in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women and to identify other demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle factors associated with bacterial vaginosis. Methods. In this cross-sectional study involving 3 clinic sites, 496 nonpregnant women completed a self-administered questionnaire. Their vaginal smears were assessed and cross-validated for bacterial vaginosis. Results. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis across clinics ranged from 15% to 30%. In analyses restricted to site 1, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for bacterial vaginosis remained significant for African American women with 13 or fewer years of education (OR = 5.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1, 14.5), hormone use within the past 6 months (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.2, 0.8), and vaginal douching within the past 2 months (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.5, 5.6). Conclusions. Two lifestyle factors emerge as strongly associated with bacterial vaginosis: systemic contraceptives appear protective, whereas douching is linked to an increase in prevalence. The temporal relationship between douching and bacterial vaginosis needs further clarification.