Communication in International Project Management - PMGT3857 Final Report (original) (raw)
Information & Management, 1999
Among several theories to explain how communications media affect task performance, media-richness theory is often cited. It proposes that task performance will be improved when task-information processing requirements are matched to a medium's ability to convey information richness. The objective of the work reported here was to examine media-richness theory using a laboratory experiment. The investigation focused on the effect of four different communication media (text, audio, video, and face-to-face) on task performance and satisfaction of both, intellective and negotiation tasks. For the negotiation task, a social psychological factor, consonancy, was used to examine the effect of interaction on media and performance. Overall, the study did not support media-richness theory. There were no task±medium interaction effects on either decision quality or decision time. Decision quality was the same for both the tasks. Audio was the most ef®cient medium, but not necessarily the most satisfying. This study did not support the combined theory of media richness and social psychology for the negotiation task. There was no signi®cant media-by-consonancy interaction in the negotiation payoff.
Analysis of Communication Theory - Media Richness and Magic Bullet
Communication is the production and exchange of information and meaning by use of signs and symbols. It involves encoding and sending messages, receiving and decoding them, and synthesizing information and meaning. Communication permeates all levels of human experience and it is central to understanding human behavior and to nearly all public health efforts aimed at fostering health behavior change among individuals, populations, organizations, communities, and societies.
2 th International Symposium Communication in the Millennium CIM 2014
The international symposium Communication in the Millennium has been organized since 2003 by scholars in Turkey and the United States, and each year the symposium organizers have noticed increasing interest in this academic event. Because of this interest, the co---founders and the organization committee of this symposium decided to form an association where both countries' scholars are represented.
The right use of different media (II)
In the last article, we saw that communications are constantly evolving. The communications as we conceived them have not changed so much but have added new tools that need consideration. We will work with some colleagues who are not very used to communicate in a proper manner, but, despite that, we need to maintain some classic strategies attached to the website at the same time that we need to include new communicative tools.
IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 1994
This paper presents a longitudinal case study of the introduction of voice mail, applying media richness theory to develop and assess a set of 16 tasks with varying levels of equivocality, and to compare different media. Through t-tests, reliability, factor, and multidimensional scaling analyses, evaluation of task equivocality and voice mail is discussed and potential shortcomings of current approaches are highlighted. Results show that equivocality does not seem to be unidimensional and includes aspects of authority across organizational boundaries. Across all tasks, telephone would be most likely selected by respondents, but face-to-face and telephone were more likely to be selected for more equivocal tasks. Unlike in prior studies, voice mail is perceived as similar to documents and face-to-face. HE use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) T within organizations is growing [ 11. While there are many theories and paradigmatic perspectives applied to the study of these new media [2], one evolving theory is frequently applied to the question of new media choice: media richness theory (MRT) [3], [4]. This theory (along with social presence theory [5], [6]) proposes that communication media differ in the extent they 1) can overcome various communication constraints of time, location, permanence, distribution, and distance, 2) transmit the social, symbolic, and nonverbal cues of human communication, and 3) convey equivocal information. MRT proposes a five-step continuum of media and their level of richness. Communication media included in this continuum are face-to-face discussion, phone calls, letters, formal documentation, and numeric reports. The level of richness is highest with face-to-face and reduces to a minimum with numeric reports. Face-to-face is the richest form of information processing because it provides immediate feedback. With feedback, understanding can be checked and interpretations corrected. The face-to-face medium also allows the simultaneous observation of multiple cues, including body language, facial expression, and tone of voice, which convey information beyond the spoken message. Therefore, face-to-face is said to have a broad "bandwidth." For those media lower down the media richness continuum. the "bandwidth" is narrower and
Impact of Technology on Organizational Communication -Amadosi Mosugu
Information and organization communication technology has become such as an important aspect of organizational communication in the 21st Century workplace, with tangible and intangible contributions to efficiency, improved employee work-life balance, diversity, mobility, and customer experience, as well as increase in performance and revenue growth for organizations. Communication: Communication is the transfer of message from one person or group to another, or from one place to another. The transfer of message is considered communicative when it involves more than one sender or recipient. Several factors are involved when communication occur between people, such things like the medium of communication, the culture, location, and the emotion of those involved in the communication. However, this is what makes communication process difficult, hence, for a communication process to be regarded as appropriate, it must be easy to understand, effective and accurate. Communication occurs in several categories such as, verbal, non-verbal, written, and visual communication categories. It is important for those involved in communication process to use the appropriate channels, some of which are, face-to-face interactions, telephone, text messages, email, the internet, radio, television, letters, brochures, and reports (Miller, 2015). This is important for communication to be termed effective. These various channels have their advantages and disadvantages. Messages transmitted in a communication must be encoded in a form that the chosen channel can relay. Also, it must be able to be decoded easily without any barriers. At the end, the sender must receive without feedback by the recipient of the message. Organizational Communication: According to Wrench & Carter (2012), organizational communication is the assemblage of people with a similar interest, in a particular setup or space, interacting together to achieve a common goal. This include interaction with internal entities such as competitors, vendors, customers and other forms of stakeholders. Internally, organizational communication involves the various units and departments and the human capital, which form the important part of an organization. Organizational Communication is described as the ways and form in which communication occur in an organization. These include both internal and external communication. The container approach of communication describes organizational communication as the understanding of transmitted message through a channel to a receiver, while the social construction approach defines organizational communication as how language is processed to form diverse social structures, for example, relationship, teams and networks. Organizational communication is premised on the use of communication as a means of carrying out tasks and achieving organizational goals. According to some people, it is the lifeline of organizations. Some of the benefits of organizational communication includes, enabling various units of the organizational to work together effectively. It helps in the process of policy implementation, as well as encouraging exchange of information (Goldhaber, 1990). Organizational communication is significant in an organization in adaptation, management, motivation, leadership, and control. More so, there are certain aspects within organizational communication, such as, leadership, teams, communication networks, organizational culture, and organizational learning. Organizational Communication Ethics: Communication flow within organization: According to Turkalj & Fosic (), communication include upward flow, downward communication, sideward communication, oral communication, written communication, and non-verbal communication.
The technology that makes the world into the global village envisioned by Marshall McLuhan more than 30 years ago now seems to be in place, thanks to the Internet and the World Wide Web. Technical innovations in communication technology have been quickly exploited by businesses to expand their reach into new markets. However, not much is yet known about the way this technology is inducing changes in long-standing cultural patterns that prescribe the preferred methods of negotiating business deals. In this presentation, we survey the state of our unknowing under several heads, hoping to instigate contributions to a special issue of IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication on how technology works as a human interface in different parts of the world.
MEDIA IN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION
Communication is used for more than just passing on information from one person to another. It is often used as a tool to facilitate the participation of people in developmental activities. Such form of communication is known as development communication. According to Everett Rogers "Development communication refers to the uses to which communication are put in order to further development." It can thus be said to be an approach to communication which provides communities with information they can use in bettering their lives. Development communication has two primary roles, i.e. Transforming role, as it steps social change in the direction of the hygiene taste of today's generation in this competitive market and a socializing role by seeking to maintain some of the established values of the society.
Language, Literature and Communication Journal, 2019
The aim of every organization is to meet their set goals and objectives. Unfortunately, meeting these set goals and objectives is a struggle for most organisations. For organisations to meet their objectives, the must find a way to focus on their core competence. Organisations must set up structures that ensure that they are not distracted from the focus for which the organization was set up in the first place. Communication is the bedrock of every organization and organisations are constantly looking for new ways to better their communication with their public. The advent of new and more effective communication technologies seems to have provided organisations the wings they need to fly to the heights hitherto dreamt of. This paper looks at virtual communication and how it helps organisations deliver on their core competences. The paper was guided by two theories, the contingency theory and the theory of media synchronicity. The paper made an attempt to find a connection between effective communication and the ability of organisations to deliver on their core competences knowing that it is only when organisations can focus and deliver on their core activity that their set goals and objectives can be met. The paper focused on virtual communication and the technologies that enable virtualization, considering the applicability of those communication technologies to the benefit of the organization. The paper made considerations on the concept of virtualization, virtualization and the organization, virtualization and evaluation of performance. In the end, the paper concludes that every organization needs good communication technologies that support their operations, that information technology has caused communication to circle the world like a ball of yarn, people and organisations are tapping into it and creating virtual replicas of their operations and expanding their coasts. Finally, the paper recommends that organisations must take precautions and be specific on the type of information technology they need to support their operations. That organisations must get their workers ready for the use of virtual communication technologies as only organisations that are ready can benefit from virtual communication technologies.
Messaging Media Perceptions and Preferences: A Pilot Study in Two Distinct Cultures
2007 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2007
This study empirically examines university students' perceptions and their views of when they adopt Instant Messaging (IM) and Short Messaging Service (SMS) and how they perceive and prefer these two media, in conjunction with other media (face-to-face, telephone, and email), in their university learning activities across two different cultural contexts: Australian university and Chinese university. The overall results of this study support some aspects of media richness theory. Although IM is perceived to be richer than email, it is not perceived to be the most popular medium for any situation. Data also demonstrate cultural differences in media perceptions of and preferences for new media. Specifically, Australian students have higher preference for email than their Chinese counterparts and Australian students also perceive SMS as leaner in terms of medium richness and have less preference for SMS than their Chinese counterparts.
2010 5th IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, 2010
Global software development (GSD) projects use a variety of communication tools, such as teleconferences, email, and instant messaging to overcome the challenges caused by distribution. The use of different tools implies different communication needs and practices within the project. Media synchronicity theory (MST) breaks communication down into two processesconveyance of information and convergence of understandingand communication media capabilities into five: immediacy of feedback, parallelism, symbol variety, rehearsability, and reprocessability. According to MST, media capabilities differ in support for conveyance and convergence, and for good performance, there should be match between media capabilities and communication process needed in a given task. In this paper, we present our qualitative study on communication in GSD. We interviewed 79 individuals from 12 GSD projects. We discuss which communication tools were used and how. We analyze the tool use and articulated rationale for choosing the tools for various tasks in distributed software development based on the two communicative processes and five media properties suggested by MST. We found evidence supporting the applicability of MST as an aid in selecting communication tools for GSD projects. as participants had freedom to choose when to respond , and could help to maintain informal conversations between different sites of operation . Schiller and Mandviwalla [20] have evaluated the MST [4] based on 10 criteria proposed by Shoemaker et al. for the development of new social science theories. Schiller and Mandviwalla conclude that MST seems to be a suitable and powerful theory to analyze media choice in virtual teams, even though it is a new theory and thus lacking a larger body of empirical evidence supporting it .
Culture and Communication: Cultural Variations and Media Effectiveness
Administration & Society, 2009
We explore the ways that perceptions of media effectiveness are affected by the societal culture, organizational culture, occupational (professional) culture, individual characteristics, and technology acceptance. This is an important subject to explore, as communication is essential to organizational functioning. The continuous drive for communication to individuals in different national and organizational situations around the world, due in part to globalization, leads us to ask: which medium is perceived as the most effective for each of the tasks a manager may be called upon to perform, particularly in different cultures? In other words, is the receiver getting the message that we intend, when the receiver is not in the same situation (societal, organizational, professional, etc.) as the sender? There are contexts of shared values, rules, and experiences that affect communication; words do not have the same meaning and value across languages and cultures . This means that the message sent from one context may not be the message received in another. If we are not communicating the messages we intend, then our method of communicating may be efficient, but it is certainly not effective. However, there is little research on the effectiveness of media Cross Cultural Management types. We develop a framework highlighting the intersection of variables salient to effectiveness: societal, organizational, and occupational culture, individual characteristics, and technology the sender? In the conclusion, we suggest future work that might be appropriate, given the increasing interest in global communication.
Technology-Mediated Communication
1993
In this issue there are three pairs of papers. Each paper in a pair complements the other; the three pairs can also be related. Two papers are concerned with the management style or philosophy required for different kinds of project situation; new product R&D projects and high-tech projects are examined. Two papers are based on surveys of the innovative Abstract New products are critical t o the success of most corporations. But managing the R&D projects that produce new products has proven t o be a risky and tricky business. Theorists and practitioners claim that one of 'The author wishes to express his appreciation to the National Centre for Management Research and Development (University of Western Ontario, Canada) for its financial assistance. The author is also indebted to Professor Marvin Ryder (McMaster University) for his computational assistance.
A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Communication Tools and Communication Outcomes
Journal of Global Information Management, 2012
Computer mediated communication (CMC) technologies have benefited business organizations in many ways. Although there have been numerous studies on email use, studies have only begun to emerge regarding use patterns of instant messaging (IM). This study investigated the use of email and IM within two different cultural settings: United States and Taiwan. Students enrolled in MIS courses from each country were split randomly into the IM and email groups for a problem-solving assignment. The variations of communication outcomes (as measured in volume, quality, and use satisfaction), are checked against two categorical variables (i.e., culture and communication tools), and at the same time controlled for perception on tool ease of use. Results show that culture and communication tools jointly affect all three outcome variables individually. The main effects were also statistically significant for volume and quality, but not for satisfaction. Respondents from different cultures prefer d...
A very odd thing, a field concerned with communication, a form of social "sharing" and "participating" (if we follow the etymological crumbs), cannot agree on something apparently central to it, that is, a shared definition of communication and media. To be sure, a definitional umbrella would have to cover a lot. A shared definition must somehow integrate the now wide diversity of theorists, critics, researchers, commentators, activists and scholars labouring in the field. This should come as little surprise, of course, due to the diversity of professional academic guilds, specialties, social exigencies related to, and journals published for, the field. If thought about communication and media are a species of intellectual endeavour, then we've been sub-speciating with some abandon over the past 50 years. We have critical theorists, rhetoricians, speech therapists, humanists, hermeneutists, semioticians, media activists, and media ecologists, all working in the field producing research and training new generations of scholars.