Gute Nahrung – reiche Ernte: Eine Siedlung des Mittelund Jungneolithikums bei Gammelsdorf (original) (raw)
Related papers
Das Jungneolithikum in Schleswig-Holstein
Scales of Transformation in Prehistoric and Archaic Societies, 2018
This book offers a comprehensive study of the Younger Neolithic period ([YN], c. 2850 – 2250 BC) of Schleswig-Holstein (SH). Apart from presenting all currently known artefacts and contexts of that period in detail, a particular focus was placed on the examination of YN battle axes. They appear to be the most common artefact that is preserved from the YN, and they are very well suited for investigating social phenomena. These artefacts furthermore changed diachronically. While battle axes of the early stage are shaped more or less equally elaborately, late specimens exhibit significant morphological variation and difference, as some specimens were shaped very elaborately whereas others were quite simple. The same difference has been observed for the subsequently used flint daggers. It is suggested that this difference reflects the emergence of a more stratified society. Many battle axes appear to have been deposited as broken pieces. As the ratio of cutting edges to butt ends is unequal (2:1) both in SH and in a wider region and as many pieces have “decorations” (Applikationen, pars pro toto shaft holes), battle axes are regarded as intentionally deposited. Accordingly, a large proportion of single finds are regarded as intentional depositions. Another focus was set on examining the transition to the YN. It is argued that many aspects that are said to characterize the YN are rooted in the preceding Middle Neolithic. A novelty is that social role becomes marked in funerary contexts. Thus, the transformation to the YN marks a certain point where already initiated societal changes become visible for first time. The examination of certain attributes revealed furthermore that there are differences between western and eastern SH which are not determined by chronological changes only. Rather, general differences appear between western and eastern regions, an in a wider geographical as well as temporal frame, which might be linked to different social orientations – either collectively or individually acting groups.
Siedlungsarchäologie des Endneolithikums und der frühen Bronzezeit/ Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Settlement Archaeology, 2019
A Large Únetice Culture building and an associated deposit from Dermsdorf, Sömmerda district – a preliminary report The eastern Thuringian Basin has a high density of Early Bronze Age settlement remains. An unusual Únětice Culturesettlement was discovered in 2o11 at Dermsdorf, a mere 3.6 km from the large barrow at Leubingen. The site yielded a solitary, large, three-aisled building measuring 44 m in length and 11 m in width. The closest Early Bronze Age features were found some 15o m away. Apart from its size of 488 m2, which is highly unusual in an Únětice Culture context, an associated deposit of copper and bronze items placed in a vessel is also worth mentioning. A total of 98 axes and axe blanks as well as two halberd blanks had been deposited in a small pit directly in front of the north-eastern gable end of the building. The deposition in an easily identified location, which was probably emphasised by the presumed entrance nearby, and the composition of the implements, which were deposited in their function as weapons, suggest that this was a votive offering. Apart from the absence of hafts, the blanks at least were not ready for use, which suggests that this was probably an intentional case of pars pro toto selection representing the bearers of the weapons, a jointly operating military unit. The Dermsdorf feature is given further importance by its location near the Leubingen barrow with its diameter of more than 48 m and other potential large barrows within a micro-landscape, which was very densely settled in the Early Bronze Age. This micro-region was characterised by some very high-quality soils, a mild climate, proximity to salt and copper deposits and an extremely favourable location on various trans-European north-east to south-west and north to south communication routes. The features from Dermsdorf and Leubingen, together with other unusual discoveries from the area, as well as its generally quite dense settlement pattern, warrant the identification of a political and administrative, and probably also ritual, centre of power for an hierarchically structured society which included at least local groups if not even coalitions of local groups. The society was led by certain singular individuals like the person who was buried in the Leubingen barrow. The territory that was controlled from here probably encompassed at least the eastern Thuringian Basin.
2015
Etwa fünf Kilometer unterhalb des Rheinfalls bei Schaffhausen liegt in einer großen Doppelschleife des Hochrheins das Oppidum von Altenburg-Rheinau. Es war in spätkeltischer Zeit ein bedeutender verkehrsgeographischer Knotenpunkt und Umschlags-und Handelsplatz für die Flussschifffahrt. Die beiden Halbinseln, die ein Areal von ca. 315 ha umfassen-‚Schwaben' auf deutscher Seite hat ungefähr 233 ha, ‚Au' auf Schweizer Territorium gelegen 82 ha-wurden durch mächtige Mauern, deren Ruinen heute noch im Gelände als auffallende Wallanlagen sichtbar sind, gegen das Hinterland gesichert. 1 Bildliche Darstellungen aus dem 16. Jahrhundert zeigen noch deutlich das Stadttor in Rheinau sowie die Keltenmauer auf dem Schwaben (Abb. 1). Bereits Ferdinand Keller beurteilte die Befestigungsanlagen als spätkeltisch. Im Winter 1928/29 wurden erstmals östlich des Walls Schanz spätlatènezeitliche Scherben gefunden. 1930 barg die staatliche Denkmalpflege unter Georg Kraft spätlatènezeitliche Siedlungsreste aus Gruben der Kiesgrube Altenburger und identifizierte Altenburg-Rheinau-auch unter dem Eindruck der Forschungen von Emil Vogt auf der Schweizer Seite am Keltengraben in Rheinau und den Funden aus dem abgebrannten Gasthaus ‚Löwen'-als spätkeltisches "Doppeloppidum". 2 Der fortgesetzte Kiesabbau führte in den 1950er-und 1960er-Jahren zu Grabungen des Staatlichen Amtes für Denkmalpflege durch Stefan Unser, bei denen zahlreiche Töpferöfen und Abfallgruben freigelegt wurden. 3 1972-77 erfolgte eine durch die DFG finanzierte Forschungsgrabung der Universität Tübingen, benachbart zur Kiesgrube Altenburger durch Franz Fischer. 1985 schloss sich eine weitere kleine Untersuchung an, verursacht durch die Anlage einer Wasserleitung. Fragestellungen und Stand der Forschung Anlass der universitären Ausgrabung unter der Leitung von Franz Fischer war die Entdeckung des frühaugusteischen Militärlagers von Dangstetten durch Gerhard Fingerlin. Es stellte sich die Frage "ob das Ende des Oppidums Altenburg-Rheinau mit den Operationen römischer Truppen in den Jahren 15 bis 9 v. Chr., vom Alpenfeldzug bis zur Auflassung des Lagers Dangstetten, in Verbindung gebracht werden muss." 4 Eine erste Fundvorlage erfolgte durch Fischer 1966, einen ersten Übersichtsplan publizierte er 1975. 5 Im Bereich der Kiesgrube wurden bei den Altgrabungen der 1950erund 1960er-Jahre 80 Gruben, bei den DFG-Grabungen 97 sowie beim Bau der Wasserleitung weitere 23 Gruben beobachtet. Der Ausgräber spricht von einer regellosen Bebauung mit Gehöften, die in einem Abstand von 60 m ungefähr parallel zum Wall standen. Wenige der rechteckigen Gruben,
Die jungneolithische Siedlung Pfyn-Breitenloo, Thurgau (Schweiz)
The site Pfyn-Breitenloo – the type-site of the Pfyn Culture – was excavated in 1944 by approximately 30 interned Polish soldiers under the auspices of K. Keller-Tarnuzzer. The ground plans of 17 houses were excavated in an area of 1000 square metres. During a re-excavation in 2002 by the Archaeology Department of Canton Thurgovia several dendrochronological samples were taken. They demonstrate that the single-phased village dates from the period between 3706 and 3704 BC. The abundant finds are being analysed at the moment. They include numerous pottery vessels (pots, flagons, bowls), flint artefacts (a knife with a wooden handle), stone axes (shaft-hole axes), textile remains and wooden implements (comb) etc. Remarkably, faunal remains were very rare.