Medial Saphenous Fasciocutaneous and Myocutaneous Free Flap Transfer in Eight Dogs (original) (raw)
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Identification and Transfer of Free Cutaneous Flaps by Microvascular Anastomosis in the Dog
Veterinary Surgery, 1986
An axial pattern cutaneous free flap in the dog based on superficial cervical vessels was identified. Consistent anatomic landmarks were proposed. The vessels consistently emerged from the angle formed by the omotransversarius and trapezius muscles, and coursed in a craniodorsal direction. Eight orthotopic transfers were performed to evaluate the flap's potential as a free tissue transfer. Six of eight (75%) flaps survived. Arterial insufficiency was the likely cause of one failure. The cause of the other failure was considered to be venous occlusion. We conclude that the superficial cervical flap can be used successfully as a microvascular free tissue transfer in the dog. KIN FLAPS USING a direct cutaneous artery and vein S (axial pattern flaps) have proven useful in human * Hypaque M 75%.
The Medial Saphenous Fasciocutaneous Free Flap in Dogs
Veterinary Surgery, 1996
The purpose of this study was to identify the angiosome of the medial saphenous artery and vein and to evaluate the use of this cutaneous angiosome as a free skin flap in the dog. In phase 1 of this study, selective angiography of the medial saphenous artery performed in ...
A vascularized preputial free flap for labial reconstruction in a dog
Veterinary Surgery, 2017
Objective: To describe the clinical application of a vascularized preputial free flap in the reconstruction of a large facial-labial defect. Study design: Case report. Animals: An adult neutered male mongrel dog with a large left facial-labial defect. Methods: A preputial free flap was created by elevating the cranial part of the prepuce, using the ipsilateral caudal superficial epigastric vessels as a vascular pedicle. The flap was transferred to the facial-labial defect and the donor vessels anastomosed to the sublingual artery and vein, using standard microvascular technique. Results: The free flap survived, leading to good cosmetic and functional outcomes. No major complications were encountered at either the donor or recipient sites after 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Vascularized preputial free flaps can be used to manage composite facial and oral cavity defects involving large areas of skin and mucosa.
Experimental and clinical free cutaneous transfers in the dog
Microsurgery, 1991
Various reconstructive techniques have been applied to the management of difficult wounds in the dog. Wounds in the distal extremities and on the face are hard to manage by conventional methods. A free cutaneous flap, based on the superficial cervical vessels, was developed and used in a series of experimental and clinical cases. Six of eight experimental orthotopic transfers survived. The two failures were thought to be related to technical error. The seven flaps, used in clinical cases, all survived and successfully resolved the dogs' clinical problems.
Veterinary Surgery, 1999
Objective-To determine the anatomic guidelines and viability of an axial pattern flap based on the cutaneous branch of the superficial temporal artery (STA) in dogs. Application of the flap in a clinical patient is reported. Study Design-Flap viability in control and experimental groups was determined 7 days postoperatively. Animals-A total of 14 mature, mesaticephalic dogs; 1 clinical patient. Methods-The cutaneous branch of the STA and vein were incorporated in the flaps of the experimental groups (group A, n ϭ 5; group B, n ϭ 4) and were ligated in the control group (n ϭ 5). Flap length was extended in experimental group B. Seven days postoperatively, the length and area of tissue that remained viable in each flap was determined and compared with similar measurements performed intraoperatively. Cutaneous fluorescence was also used postoperatively to assess flap perfusion. The flap used in the clinical patient had the same dimensions as flaps developed in group A. Results-Mean survival length (Ϯ SD) of STA flaps [group A, 9.1 (0.8) cm], was significantly increased (P Ͻ .05) compared with control flaps [7.0 (0.6) cm]. Percentage flap length survival (Ϯ SD) of STA flaps [group A, 91.8 (8.9)%], was significantly increased (P Ͻ .05) compared with control flaps [71.6 (7.0)%]. Mean percentage area of survival (Ϯ SD) of STA flaps [group A, 93.1 (7.5)%], was significantly increased (P Ͻ .05) compared with control flaps [73.5 (7.4)%]. Group B flaps had a mean survival length of 10.4 (1.1) cm, percentage flap length survival of 69.5 (4.8)%, and mean percentage area of survival of 69.1 (6.5)%. There was no positive correlation between the area of flap fluorescence at days 0, 1, and 3, and the area of flap survival. Application of the flap in a clinical patient allowed primary wound reconstruction with 100% survival. Conclusion-A flap based on the cutaneous branch of the STA may be a source of skin for reconstructive procedures of the maxillofacial region in dogs. Clinical Relevance-Knowledge of the anatomic landmarks and expected viability of a STA axial pattern flap is essential before consideration of its use as a reconstructive surgical technique.
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2016
In the treatment of wounds with tissue loss in the elbow region, despite the most frequently used method being the tube flap of thoracodorsal artery origin, this method has the disadvantages of necrosis, opening of sutures and tension. The aim of this study is to present the results of the island arterial composite flap, containing the skin of the thoracodorsal area, the cutaneous trunci muscle and fascia of the latissimus dorsi muscle, for the reconstruction of chronic wounds in the elbow region. The material of the study consisted of 14 dogs with either non-healing wounds or wounds with tissue loss in the elbow region. Firstly, debridement of the elbow defect was carried out. Next, an elliptical incision depending on the size of the defect was made in the thoracodorsal skin. Once the thoracodorsal artery and its pedicle were exposed, this was passed through the tunnel formed in the axillary region and placed over the debrided defect in the elbow region. It was sutured using non-absorbable monofilament suture material and simple interrupted sutures and the results were evaluated. In conclusion, the skin originating from the thoracodorsal artery, muscle and fascia island artery flap may be an effective method in the reconstruction of wounds in the elbow region.
Skin-fold advancement flaps for closing large proximal limb and trunk defects in dogs and cats
Veterinary Surgery, 2001
Objective-To describe the use of skin-fold advancement flaps for covering large skin defects in dogs and cats. Study Design-Clinical study. Animals-Eight client-owned animals: 6 dogs and 2 cats. Methods-Six dogs and 2 cats underwent reconstruction of soft-tissue wounds resulting from traumatic, neoplastic, or infectious lesions. Skin-fold flaps were created by division of the medial and lateral attachment to the proximal limb or the dorsal and ventral attachment to the trunk, enabling closure of adjacent defects on the trunk or proximal limb, respectively. Results-Skin-fold flaps proved effective for closing defects in all animals. Necrosis of a portion of the flap occurred in 2 dogs due to technical errors, but the resultant defects remained amenable to primary closure. All wounds ultimately healed primarily, without major complications. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-The skin-fold advancement flap is a versatile technique that lends itself to use in a variety of locations, depending on which attachments are divided. The clinical results are comparable with those reported for axial pattern and subdermal plexus flaps.
Veterinary Surgery, 1996
This study evaluates the cranial rectus abdominus muscle pedicle flap as the sole blood supply for the caudal superficial epigastric skin flap. This flap was composed of a cranially based rectus abdominus muscle pedicle flap that was attached to the caudal superficial epigastric island skin flap (including mammary glands 2 to 5) via the pudendoepigastric trunk. Selective angiography of the cranial epigastric artery in eight cadaver dogs proved that the arterial vasculature in the cranial rectus abdominus was contiguous with that in the caudal superficial epigastric skin flap. In the live dog study, three of six of the flaps failed because of venous insufficiency. Necrosis of mammary gland 2 occurred in two of six flaps. One of six flaps survived with the exception of the cranial most aspect of mammary gland 2. Angiography of the cranial epigastric artery proved that arterial blood supply to these flaps was intact. Histological evaluation of the failed flaps showed full-thickness necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, the presence of severe congestion, and venous thrombosis. Retrograde venous blood flow through the flap was inconsistent, and hence resulted in failure of this myocutaneous flap. Use of this flap for clinical wound reconstruction cannot be recommended.