Adaptation of Modelling Paradigms to the CIs Interdependencies Problem (original) (raw)
Related papers
Review on modeling and simulation of interdependent critical infrastructure systems
Modern societies are becoming increasingly dependent on critical infrastructure systems (CISs) to provide essential services that support economic prosperity, governance, and quality of life. These systems are not alone but interdependent at multiple levels to enhance their overall performance. However, recent worldwide events such as the 9/11 terrorist attack, Gulf Coast hurricanes, the Chile and Japanese earthquakes, and even heat waves have highlighted that interdependencies among CISs increase the potential for cascading failures and amplify the impact of both large and small scale initial failures into events of catastrophic proportions. To better understand CISs to support planning, maintenance and emergency decision making, modeling and simulation of interdependencies across CISs has recently become a key field of study. This paper reviews the studies in the field and broadly groups the existing modeling and simulation approaches into six types: empirical approaches, agent based approaches, system dynamics based approaches, economic theory based approaches, network based approaches, and others. Different studies for each type of the approaches are categorized and reviewed in terms of fundamental principles, such as research focus, modeling rationale, and the analysis method, while different types of approaches are further compared according to several criteria, such as the notion of resilience. Finally, this paper offers future research directions and identifies critical challenges in the field.
Decision Making Issues Related to Critical Infrastructures Interdependencies Management
Journal of Advances in Computer Networks, 2014
In recent years, disaster management has become a new concern in decision making in most world countries. The main reason for this trend among world countries is the phenomenon of how to keep in safety critical infrastructures that can cause complex and difficult situations in the case of a failure problem or a catastrophic event. As a consequence the appearance of a large number of vulnerabilities and the increasing interdependence of economic and social activities put vital networks (lifelines) in a particular delicate position. However, these networks form critical infrastructures such that safety and security of each one of them depend on all the others. The more these critical infrastructures are interdependent, the more their failure can have catastrophic consequences on the whole. To strengthen and manage these infrastructures, and reduce their vulnerabilities, several research issues appeared in the past. This paper aims to present a modeling approach to solve problems related to the cause of failures of critical infrastructures. These issues are treated through agent based modeling and simulation by providing proactive solutions and take appropriate decisions by creating adaptive simulation scenarios.
Review of Policy Research, 2009
Recent tragedies such as Hurricane Katrina, 9/11, and the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake have revealed a need for methods to evaluate and plan for the impact of extreme events on critical infrastructure. In particular, awareness has been raised of the threat that a major disruption will lead to cascading failures that cross boundaries between interdependent infrastructure sectors, greatly magnifying human and economic impacts. To assist in planning for such extreme events, researchers are developing modeling tools to aid in making decisions about how best to protect critical infrastructures. We present some of the capabilities of this modeling approach as well as some of the challenges faced in developing such applications based on our experience with the Critical Infrastructure Protection Decision Support System (CIPDSS) model, developed for use by the Department of Homeland Security. A set of disruptions to road and telecommunication infrastructures is implemented in CIPDSS and the modeled disruptions to the original infrastructure as well as cascading effects on other infrastructure sectors are discussed. These simulations provide insights into the potential of this approach.
Simulation of heterogeneous and interdependent critical infrastructures
2008
In this paper, a simulation tool specifically designed for the analysis of heterogeneous and (inter)dependent infrastructures is proposed. The simulator, named Critical Infrastructure Simulation by Interdependent Agents (CISIA), adopts a modular and sufficiently abstract representation of the different infrastructures' components to allow consistent descriptions, starting from the incomplete and generic data acquirable from stakeholders. An important part of the modelling effort was reserved for the representation of the dependencies and interdependencies, these being the cause of the complex behaviours we are interested in. Each component interacts with the others via a multitude of mechanisms that codify different concepts of proximity. The simulator has been used to analyse, in a simplified scenario, crisis evolution in the urban area of Rome, in the presence of a failure in the electric power system.
Modelling methodologies for analysing critical infrastructures
Journal of Simulation, 2018
Critical Infrastructures (CIs) play a relevant role in both society and industry since they provide basic goods and services. CIs are interdependent on each other and a failure in one CI may spread rapidly to other dependent CIs. The resulting cascading effect leads to the amplification of the perturbation, giving rise to high-impact crises. Modelling and simulation methodologies have been suggested as suitable tools to properly analyse and assess the effect and consequences of crisis in CIs. This paper undertakes a systematic literature review to study which modelling methodologies are the most appropriate for analysing CIs, depending both on the CI sector and the scope of the modelling.
Understanding Interdependencies Among Critical Infrastructures
2010
The system of critical infrastructures, such as power grid, water network, health system, etc., constitutes the backbone of modern societies. During large disasters (e.g., earthquakes, hurricanes, terrorist attacks, etc.) the situation is very different from normal life because multiple infrastructures are affected simultaneously, and unless they coordinate each other’s actions, the overall response process may suffer serious stalls. Several countries have recognized that there is an urgent need to develop knowledge, tools, and recommendations to support coordinated decision making among interdependent infrastructures, particularly during emergency situations. This paper discusses the importance taking into account the interdependencies of critical infrastructures during large disasters, presents a brief review of current research being done in this field, and presents a methodology to address interdependencies recently developed at The University of British Columbia in response to ...
Interdependency modeling and emergency response
Proceedings of the …, 2007
In large-scale disaster events, infrastructure owners are faced with many challenges in deciding the allocation ofresources for preparation and response actions. This decision process involves building situation awareness, evaluating course of action, and effecting response. This paper describes a modeling and simulation system called CIMS © that presents a visual environment for assessing the causal effects of events and actions in complex environments. Specifically, CIMS © provides a framework for evaluating cascading effects associated with infrastructure interdependencies, thus providing greater situational awareness to infrastructure owners and decisionmakers. This paper first presents the area of interdependency analysis and then presents CIMS © as a network framework for simulating the interactions between multiple infrastructures. Also introduced is the integration of infrastructure simulation with a decision support systems.
Critical Information Infrastructures Security. LNCS 10242, Springer International Publishing, 2017. Proceedings of 11th International Conference, CRITIS 2016, Paris, France, October 10–12, 2016, Revised Selected Papers. Eds.: Havarneanu, G., Setola, R., Nassopoulos, H., Wolthusen, S., 2016
To trigger disruptive cascading effects among Critical Infrastructures (CIs), advanced cyber attacks take advantage of dependences among organizations. Consequently, proper countermeasures in case of threats to CIs must consider interdependencies between them. The strategic use of information systems to coordinate response efforts of CI operators is a major objective towards more resilient societies. As relevant contribution to the development of a cyber incident early warning system for CI operators, this paper presents a system dynamics interdependency model based on critical services that different operators must provide to guarantee correct functioning of CIs. We explain model requirements and demonstrate how it can be used to gain situational awareness in the context of European CIs.