Comparing Psychosocial Predictors of Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance (original) (raw)
Related papers
Mediators of physical activity behavior change: Findings from a 12-month randomized controlled trial
Health Psychology, 2012
Objective-To examine putative mediators of a 12-month motivationally tailored physical activity (PA) promotion intervention. Design-We randomly assigned 239 healthy, underactive adults (moderate-vigorous physical activity <90 min/week; mean age = 47.5 years; 82% women) to receive (a) print-based feedback, (b) phone-based feedback, or (c) contact control. Primary Outcome-PA at baseline, 6, and 12 months, as measured by the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall interview. Mediators-Four TransTheoretical Model constructs explicitly targeted by the intervention (i.e., self-efficacy, decisional balance, cognitive and behavioral processes of change), as well as four additional constructs linked to PA behavior change (i.e., social support, outcome expectancy, PA enjoyment, exercise-induced feelings).
Efficacy of an individualized, motivationally-tailored physical activity intervention
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 1998
This study compared the efficacy of two low-cost interventions for physical activity adoption. Sedentary (N=194) adults recruited through newspaper advertisements were randomized to receive either a motivationally-matched, individually-tailored intervention (IT) or a standard self-help intervention (ST). Assessments and interventions were delivered by repeated mailings at baseline, one, three, and six months. Participants were assessed regarding current physical activity behavior, motivational readiness to adopt regular physical activity, and psychological constructs associated with physical activity participation (e.g. self-efficacy, decisional balance). Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed significant increases in physical activity participation between baseline and six months for both groups with a significantly greater increase among IT participants. The IT group outperformed the ST group on all primary outcome measures: (a) minutes of physical activity per week, (b) reaching Centers for Disease Control and American College of Sports Medicine (CDC/ACSM) recommended minimum physical activity criteria, and (c) achieving the Action stage of motivational readiness for physical activity adoption. Both groups showed significant improvement between baseline and six months on the psychological constructs associated with physical activity adoption (e.g. self-efficacy), with no significant differences observed between the treatment groups. Utilizing computer expert systems and self-help manuals to provide individually-tailored, motivationally-matched interventions appears to be an effective, low-cost approach for enhancing physical activity participation in the community.
Stages of Change, Self-Efficacy, and the Adoption of Vigorous Exercise: A Prospective Analysis
Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1993
Components of the transtheoretical model of change were examined in a prospective study of the adoption of vigorous exercise in adults. Respondents to a random mail survey were resurveyed 2 years later. Those who reported no vigorous exercise at baseline were classified as either contemplators (n = 213) or precontemplators (n = 188). Contemplators had higher baseline self-efficacy scores than precontemplators (p < .001). In multivariate analyses, baseline stage of change was a significant predictor (p < .0005) of later adoption of vigorous exercise, even after controlling for differences in age, gender, and self-efficacy. During the first 6 months postbaseline, contemplators were nearly twice as likely as precontemplators to progress to the stage of action (46% vs. 24%), and four times more likely to progress to the stage of maintenance (25% vs. 6%). Use of the transtheoretical model in the study of exercise was supported in this prospective examination of exercise in a commun...
Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2005
Objective: Over 40% of Americans are sedentary and of those beginning an exercise program, 50% will drop out within 6 months. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is commonly used to describe exercise behavior and develop interventions for the initiation of exercise behavior. Less is known, however, about maintenance of exercise behavior and the construct associations for the action, maintenance, and termination stages of change. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine which of the TTM constructs (i.e. decisional balance, processes of change, barriers-efficacy, and temptation) best distinguishes between the action, maintenance, and termination stages of change for men and women. Methods: Questionnaires measuring each of the TTM constructs were collected from 330 men (M ageZ27.14 years) and 380 women (M ageZ24.80 years). Data were examined for sex differences and subsequently, two forward logistic regressions were conducted for each sex such that the dependent variables for the regressions were action/maintenance and maintenance/termination. Results: Compared to men, women reported significantly less barriers-efficacy (pZ.04), greater pros of exercise (pZ.004), and greater use of behavioral (pZ.001) and experiential (p!.001) processes of change. For the men, affect temptation was the only significant correlate of action/maintenance (pZ.02), while barriers efficacy (pZ.001), environmental evaluation (pZ.02), and affect temptation (pZ.03) were associated with maintenance/termination. For the women, environmental reevaluation (pZ.02) and social liberation (pZ.05) were associated with action/maintenance, while barriers-efficacy (pZ.003) was the only construct correlated with maintenance/termination. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 6 (2005) 629-641 www.elsevier.com/locate/psychsport 1469-0292/$ -see front matter q (Elizabeth A. Fallon).
Self-Efficacy, Decision-Making, and Stages of Change: An Integrative Model of Physical Exercise1
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1994
Exercise has important health benefits but a large proportion of the population is physically inactive. We examined the stages of readiness to exercise and their relationship to self-efficacy, the costs and benefits of exercising, and self-report of physical activity in a sample of Rhode Island worksites. Using a three-step model-building approach, exploratory principal components analyses were followed by an examination of the stages of change model with confirmatory structural equation modeling procedures. The model was then examined with longitudinal data. Confirmatory and longitudinal analyses showed an excellent tit between the model and the data. Results indicated that the costs and benefits of exercise and self-efficacy for exercise were related to physical activity only indirectly, through the mediation of stage of readiness to exercise. Structural modeling fit indices revealed that much of the variation and covariation in physical activity was explained by the model. There is the potential to enhance the impact of exercise interventions, by targeting them so as to address factors related to these different stages of readiness.
Dynamic Psychological and Behavioral Changes in the Adoption and Maintenance of Exercise
Health Psychology, 2012
Although health cognitions are regarded as key determinants for health behavior change, they are rarely studied from a dynamic perspective, evaluating the impact of changes in cognitions on changes in behavior. In the present study, we examine how changes in phase-specific and generic health cognitions influence first, the adoption of exercise and later, the maintenance of the newly acquired behavior. Methods: Participants were middle-aged, Finnish adults participating in a lifestyle intervention to prevent Type 2 diabetes (N ϭ 389). Health cognitions and exercise were measured at baseline (preintervention) and twice after a lifestyle intervention took place (at 3 months and after 1 year).
American Journal of Health Promotion, 2002
Purpose. To examine whether the stages of change of exercise adoption appropriately address strenuous, moderate, and mild intensities of physical activity. Design and Setting. Secondary analysis of four data sets investigating transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs for exercise adoption. Subjects. Four samples of differing age groups (adolescents, n = 400; college students, n = 240; adults, n = 346; seniors, n = 504). Measures. Stage of change algorithm for exercise adoption and self-reported physical activity. Results. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) results showed that stages of change were distinguished by strenuous and moderate but not mild exercise in the adolescent, college student, and adult sample. In the senior sample, stage differences were found in the frequency of exercising (equivalent for moderate to strenuous exercise) and the frequency of walking (equivalent for mild exercise). Bivariate correlation coefficients as well as sensitivity, specificity, and re...