Influence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita r. 1 on growth of grapevine (original) (raw)
Related papers
Three hosts of grape (Vitis vinifera L), Flame seedless, Thompson seedless, Superior " and two resistant rootstocks " Harmony and Freedom " were inoculated with 3000 second stage juveniles per plant. After two months from inoculation for evaluation of nematode reproduction, Flame seedless was highly susceptible to M. incognita, while Thompson seedless and Superior were moderate susceptible. The difference in protein banding patterns among healthy and infected samples proved they were differences in buffer soluble protein extracted from the leaves of five tested cultivars as the response to infection of M. incognita. ISJ-PCR was used to measure the degree of similarity among grape varieties and rootstock and to calculate the genetic distance between these varieties. Polymorphic fragment reveled the difference and establish systemic relationships among the tested varieties may be referred the resistance in the rootstocks.
Suitability of weed species prevailing in Spanish vineyards as hosts for root-knot nematodes
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2007
Commercial vineyards in southern Spain were surveyed and sampled during October to December 2004 to determine the extent to which common weeds present were suitable hosts of root-knot nematodes infesting soils of those vineyards. Seven weed species commonly growing in grapevine soils in southern Spain were found infected by either Meloidogyne incognita or M. javanica: Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), Anchusa azurea (ox-tongue), Chenopodium album (goosefoot), Erodium moschatum (musk stork's bill), Malva rotundifolia (low mallow), Sinapis alba (white mustard), and Solanum nigrum (black nightshade). The host suitability of the weeds to root-knot nematodes was evaluated on the basis of root galling severity and nematode population densities in soil and roots. Also, the host-parasite relationship in these naturally Meloidogyne-infected weeds was examined. All the weed species in the study were considered suitable hosts for M. incognita and M.
Development of Grape Rootstocks with Broad and Durable Nematode Resistance
2002
Several species of plant-feeding nematodes are present in most vineyards, however few rootstocks have resistance to more than one species. Our goal is to develop grape rootstocks with broad and durable resistance to important nematode species. We have screened rootstock candidates against: the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 3), two strains of rootknot nematode that overcome the resistance of Harmony rootstock (Meloidogyne arenaria strains A and C), and the dagger nematode (Xiphinema index). From these selections, several candidate rootstocks with strong resistance to the individual nematode species, and some with broad resistance to two or more of the nematode species, were selected. Of the thousands of seedlings produced from these crosses, only 14 have graduated through the rooting trial and individual nematode screening trials. These are extremely valuable plants. We know of no other examples of rootstocks for perennial crops selected for broad (multi-species) nematode resistance. To test the durability of the resistance, some of the rootstock selections resistant to all four nematodes when inoculated individually were exposed to all of the species at the same time. Preliminary results are puzzling and need to be repeated. When inoculated together there appeared to be some galling. However, there were some logistical problems in conducting these preliminary experiments. We also need to test durability of resistance to root-knot and dagger nematodes when the plants are inoculated with other nematode species, including ring, citrus, pin and lesion nematodes.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2012
Meloidogyne incognita(Kofoid & White) Chitwood was isolated as most predominant root -knot nematode from soil and theinfected root samples of stunted tomato plants showedchlorosis.Rootand shootgrowth of five tomato veritieswas significant lyreduced when inoculated with second stage infective larvae of M. incognitaascompared to un-inoculated tomato varieties. M. incognitasignificantly reduced root length in tomato variety Anmol foll owed by Gola France and Sunehra as compared to un -inoculated tomato var iety Roma Holland and Roma v.f. Root weight was also decreased in Sunehra followed by Roma Holland and Tomato Anmol than that of un -inoculated tomato variety Roma v.f., followed by Roma Holland. Shoot length was significantly increased in tomato variety Sunehra followed by Roma v.f. and Roma Holland and that was decreased in tomato Anmol as compared to un -inoculated tomato variety Roma Holland, Sunehra and Roma v.f. respectively. Shoot w eight was significantly reduced in tomato va...
Susceptibility of six tomato cultivars to the root-knot nematode,< I> Meloidogyne incognita
The South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 2008
Six tomato cultivars Moneymaker, Beefsteak, Roma, Summertaste, Mini Roma and Smallfry were tested for their susceptibility to root- knot nematodes at inoculum levels of 200, 400, 600 Juveniles (J2) per pot. All were found to be susceptible to varying degrees as egg masses were present in all with Moneymaker and Roma being the most susceptible and Mini Roma, the least susceptible. The inoculum levels had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the number of galls and plant weights. The gall numbers and plant weights was negatively correlated, with the highest gall numbers and lowest plant weights recorded at the highest inoculum level in all cultivars except in Mini Roma in which there was little variation in gall numbers and plant weights.
Helminthologia, 2014
The influence of ten initial population levels (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8 and 25.6 second stage juveniles/cm3 soil) of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on olive cultivar Zard growth was studied in two pot trials. Ten month old self-rooted olive cuttings were individually transplanted into 2 000 cm 3 pot and inoculated with the defined initial populations, of both nematode species. Plants were grown in glasshouse for 13 months, then they were uprooted and plant growth (percent growth increase of main shoot length, number of nodes on main shoot, top and root fresh and dry weights and root length) and nematode parameters (root gall index, J 2 /g root, final nematode population density and reproduction rate Pf/Pi) were recorded. Results showed that cv. Zard was more susceptible to M. javanica than to M. incognita. A significant reduction of main shoot length growth 37.6 % and 10.7 % was observed at 0.1 and 12.8 juveniles/cm3 soil of M. javanica and M. incognita, respectively, in comparison to uninfested plants. Root systems of olive plants grown in M. incognita or M. javanica infested soils were galled within the gall index range 1.4 -6. No significant differences were observed in the number of nodes on main shoot, top and root fresh weights and root dry weight at high levels of M. incognita Pi. A tolerance limit (T) of 0.4 juveniles/cm3 soil was estimated for olive plants cv. Zard to M. javania. The use of resistant olive rootstock or selected cultivars is recommended to minimize or to limit damage of nematode infections in nurseries and to prevent secondary attacks of soil borne plant pathogens especially Verticillium dahliae.
Bio-Management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculeutum L.)
ESSENCE – International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculeutum L.) is one of the most important vegetables grown in India. It is grown for the domestic market under both rains fed and irrigated conditions. Due to the high demand for tomato in the domestic market and for processing, farmers have extensively adopted high yielding varieties and modern technologies like greenhouse production to ensure year round production and increase production. Intensive tomato cultivation in India has resulted in build-up of soil borne diseases, especially root-knot nematodes. Various bio-control agents' viz. Trichoderma virde Paecilomyces lilacinus and Beauvaria bassiana were used for experimental purpose. The result showed that Trichoderma virde was very effective for the management of rootknot namatode followed by Paecilomyces lilacinus and Beauvaria bassiana respectively. Maximum growth parameters {shoot length (58.25cm), root-length (19.75cm), fresh shoot weight (15.37g), fresh root weight (2.37g) and number of fruits (2.25)} were observed in Trichoderma virde followed by P.lilacinus {shoot length (53.00cm), root-length (13.00cm), fresh shoot weight (11.75g), fresh root weight (2.12g) and number of fruits (1.7)} and Beauvaria bassiana {shoot length (49.75cm), root length (8.75cm), fresh shoot weight (9.25g), fresh root weight (1.25g) and number of root-knot was noted in T. viride (17.25), P. lilacinus (18.50) and B. bassiana (24.50) respectively).