Oxidative stress and antioxidant status response of handball athletes: Implications for sport training monitoring (original) (raw)
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Effect of Exercise in Biochemical Parameters in Athletes
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.5\_Issue.3\_March2018/Abstract\_IJRR0012.html, 2018
Exercise is advised for improving overall health and preventing many chronic diseases. Professional sportspersons practice regular strenuous exercise schedules for competitions. To maintain good performance high protein diet along with antioxidants is taken. Duration and severity of exercise affects various routine biochemical parameters. Biochemical tests including Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, Serum Uric Acid, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Serum Calcium, Serum Phosphorus, Serum total Protein, Serum Albumin, Lipid Profile( Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, VLDL-Cholesterol), Blood Glucose, Amylase and Serum Lactate was assessed in fifty professional athletes before and after exercise. Some parameters like urea, creatinine, glucose, lactate, calcium, ALP were affected by exercise and trainings which need to be considered for correct interpretation.
Reactive Oxygen Species
It is well established that physical exercise induces reactive oxygen species production, while physical training increases antioxidant defense systems thereby reducing exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, intense physical exercise, competition, and training such as those imposed on high-level athletes may lead to increased oxidative stress implicating an overtraining condition. In the present study, the effects of training and competition load on oxidative stress, redox and antioxidant status, and cell damage markers have been studied on high-level players in different sports (i.e., 15 ultra-endurance and 12 long-distance runners, and 12 junior professional rugby players) during a competitive season. Oxidative damage plasmatic markers, including protein carbonyls (PC) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and amino-thiols redox status were assessed at three critical time points of the season: T0, the beginning; T1, the top; T2, the end. Seasonal variations of all the investigated parameters were observed. With respect to the basal level T0 (0.69 ± 0.14), significant increases of PC concentration (nmol/mg protein) at T1 (1.08 ± 0.36, p < 0.001) and T2 (1.04 ± 0.27, p < 0.01), as well as of TBARS concentration (µM, T0: 6.11 ± 1.11) at T2 (8.09 ± 1.07, p < 0.0001) and T1 (6.77 ± 1.22, p < 0.01) were measured in ultra-endurance athletes. PC was found significantly increased in rugby players too (T0: 0.76 ± 0.26 vs. T2: 1.19 ± 0.34; p<0.05). With regard to the oxy-redox status, TAC activity was not found significantly changed during the monitored time period, while amino-thiols redox status was upregulated, as demonstrated by the increase of oxy and total glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) concentrations, particularly in ultra-endurance athletes. On the other hand, the significant decrease in reduced GSH, Cys, and cysteinylglycine (CysGly) concentrations measured in rugby players at T2 suggested that non-enzymatic antioxidants were strongly consumed during the competitive season, and this finding was closely linked to an overtraining condition. Altogether, the results achieved in the present study confirmed the hypothesis that oxidative stress and antioxidant measurements play a peculiar role in monitoring the athletes' training response and performance, whose variations are in turn strictly linked to the played activity.
General physiology and biophysics, 2012
The aims of our study were to assess the redox state of adolescent athletes and non-athletes both at rest and after acute exposure to physical load and to find relations between parameters of redox state and morphofunctional characteristics of subjects. 58 young handball players and 37 non-athletes were subjected to body composition analysis, measuring of maximal oxygen consumption and blood sampling immediately before and after a maximal progressive exercise test. At rest, athletes had significantly higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) and lower levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) compared with non-athletes. A maximal exercise test induced statistically significant rise of superoxide anion radical (O 2 -), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and NO levels in non-athletes, while TBARS levels decreased. Athletes experienced the fall in NO levels and the fall in CAT activity. After exercise, athletes had significantly lower levels of O 2 compared with non-athletes. Two way repeated measures ANOVA showed that the response of O 2 -, NO and TBARS to the exercise test was dependent on the sports engagement (training experience) of subjects. Significant correlations between morphofunctional and redox parameters were found. These results suggest that physical fitness affects redox homeostasis.
Research in sports medicine (Print)
The present study investigated the effects of a moderate-intensity soccer training session on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant capacity in athletes along with the biomarkers creatine kinase and transaminases for lesions in muscle and liver cells. Twenty-two male soccer players participated in this study. Blood samples were collected 5 min before and after a moderate-intensity game simulation. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) from an elevation in the production of ROS that maintained the redox homeostasis. Although the session promoted an elevated energy demand, observed by an increase in lactate and glucose levels, damage to muscle and/or liver cells was only suggested by a significant elevation in the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT). Of the two biomarkers analysed, the results suggest that measurements of the ALT levels could be adopted as a method to monitor recovery in athletes.
Asian journal of sports medicine, 2012
Prolonged physical exercise results in transient elevations of biochemical markers of muscular damage. This study examined the effect of short-term maximal exercise on these markers, homocysteine levels (Hcy), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in trained subjects. Eighteen male football players participated in this study. Blood samples were collected 5-min before and 3-min after a 30-s Wingate test. The results indicated that plasma biochemical markers of muscle injury increased significantly after the Wingate test (P<0.05). Moreover, significant increase of white blood Cells and their main subpopulations (i.e. monocytes, neutrophiles, and lymphocytes) (P<0.001) has been observed. Likewise, uric acid, total bilirubin, and TAS increased significantly after exercise (P<0.05). However, Hcy levels were unaffected by the Wingate test (for 3-min post-exercise measurement). Short-term maximal exercise (e.g. 30-s Wingate test) is of sufficient intensity and duration to increase ma...
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of three warm-up durations on post-exercise oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as recovery from the Wingate test in 14 amateur handball players. These players completed the Wingate test three times: after 5-min, after 10-min, and then after 15-min of warm-up, spread over two weeks with an interval of one week between each session. At the end of each session of the Wingate test, blood samples were taken: at rest (PR), after warming up (PWU) and immediately at the end of the test (P0), then after 10-min (P10) and after 20-min (P20) of recovery. The measured parameters are the total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein-bound-carbonyls (PC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The main findings revealed that anaerobic exercise induces oxidative stress, as evidenced by changes in antioxidant status and significant incr...
Biochemical parameters in professional male footballers before and after training
Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 2017
The goal of this study is exploring serum alterations related to acute coronary sendrom, muscle deterioration, hypoglysemia and the other variables in the serum of the fifteen footballers. Fifteen professional male footballers (mean (SD) age: 24 (4.4) years) were gathered from a 3 rd league team. Blood samples were collected from them before and after exercise. Blood samples were analyzed by standard methods and t he results were corrected in the biochemistry laboratory. The average pre-and post-exercise biochemical values of 15 footballers are found below. The glucose in the serum is 62.3 ± 3.9(before) and 69.5 ± 7.8(after) (P<0.05) for preand post-exercise, respectively. The urea in the serum is 36 ± 9.5(before) and 34.4 ± 9.2(after) (p> 0.05). The creatine in the serum is 0.9 ± 0.l(before) and 0.8 ± 0.9(after) (p>0.05). The CK in the serum is 309.9 ± 200.9(before) and 253 ± 149.7(after) (p>0.05). The CK-MB in the serum is 17.9 ± 6.3(before) and 14.5 ± 5.4(after)(p>0.05). The total bilirubin in the serum is 0.8 ± 0.4(before) and 0.8 ± 0.5(after) (p>0.05). The albumin in the serum is 4.1 ± 0.3(before) and 4.1 ± 0.2(after) (p>0.05). The BUN (blood urea nitrogen) in the serum is 16.7 ± 4.4(before) and 16.3 ± 4.5(after) (p>0.05). Although broad variety of biochemical perturbations is present during acute physical stress, many parameters remain within regular limits.