Seroprevalence of Antibody to Mumps Virus in the US Population, 1999–2004 (original) (raw)
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Dynamics of the serologic response in vaccinated and unvaccinated mumps cases during an epidemic
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2015
Abbreviations: MMR, measles mumps and rubella; ND 50 , reciprocal virus-neutralizing antibody dose; VN, virus-neutralizing antibody; RU/ml, RIVM units per ml; GMC, geometric mean concentration; 95% CI, lower and upper 95% confidence intervals of GMC In the last decade, several mumps outbreaks were reported in various countries despite high vaccination coverage. In most cases, young adults were affected who have acquired immunity against mumps solely by vaccination and not by previous wild-type mumps virus infection. To investigate mumps-specific antibody levels, functionality and dynamics during a mumps epidemic, blood samples were obtained longitudinally from 23 clinical mumps cases, with or without a prior history of vaccination, and from 20 healthy persons with no serological evidence of recent mumps virus infection. Blood samples from mumps cases were taken 1-2 months and 7-10 months after onset of disease. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated mumps cases had significantly higher geomean concentrations of mumps-specific IgG (resp. 13,617 RU/ml (95% CI of 9,574-19,367 RU/ml) vs. 1,552 (445-5412) RU/ml at 1-2 months; and 6,514 (5,247-8,088) RU/ml vs. 1,143 (480-2,725) RU/ml at 7-10 months) than healthy controls (169 (135-210) RU/ml) (p D 0.001). Patterns in virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody responses against the mumps vaccine virus were similar, vaccinated and unvaccinated mumps cases had significantly higher ND 50 values at both time points of sampling (resp 4,695 (3,779-5,832) RU/ml vs. 1,533 (832-2,825) RU/ml at 1-2 months; 2,478 (1,968-3,122) RU/ml vs. 1,221 (1,029-1,449) RU/ml at 7-10 months) compared with (previously vaccinated) healthy controls (122 (196-76)) RU/ml) (p D 0.001) The unvaccinated mumps cases had significantly lower mumps-specific IgG and VN antibody concentrations at both sampling points compared with previously vaccinated cases, but their antibody concentrations did not differ significantly at the 2 time points. In contrast, the mumps-specific IgG and VN antibody concentrations of the previously vaccinated mumps cases were significantly higher within the first 2 months after onset of mumps and declined thereafter, characteristic for a secondary response. A moderate correlation was found between the level of mumps-specific IgG serum antibodies and VN antibodies for the mumps cases (r D 0.64; p<0.001).
Vaccine, 2011
Background: A recent mumps outbreak in Israel despite an ongoing national program of a 2-dose universal childhood vaccination policy since 1988, raised questions regarding population immunity among young adults. Objective: To assess the seroprevalence of mumps antibodies among young Israeli adults born after 1987 in order to determine evidence based vaccination policy. Methods: We conducted a seroprevalence study of mumps IgG antibodies among 441 Israeli adults born in 1988-9, based on a representative sample of sera collected upon recruitment to mandatory military service in 2007. Results: The overall seroprevalence of IgG antibody to mumps virus among 1988-9 born was 83.7%, 82.1% among males and 85.7% among females. Seroprevalence among 2007 recruits was similar to 1999 recruits (83.3%, P = 0.89) and significantly lower than 1987 recruits (94.1%, P < 0.0001). The absolute decrease between 2007 and 1987 for males was 13.1% (P < 0.0001) and for females 7.0% (P = 0.02). Seroprevalence was not significantly higher among native Israelis (84.9%) than among young adults born in the Commonwealth of Independent States (81.1%, P = 0.46) and significantly higher compared to young adults born in Western Europe or North America (68.2%, P = 0.045). Conclusions: Our findings indicate sub-optimal population seroprevalence despite a 2-dose universal childhood vaccination policy. This study allows better understanding of current mumps outbreaks in Israel and elsewhere following periods of low circulation of wild virus. These findings support mumps vaccination, even for populations and individuals that received two doses during childhood, as means for outbreak containment among young adults, especially in crowded settings, and serve as a reminder to the need for dynamic vaccination policy, supported by health promotion activities.
Vaccine, 2011
Background and aims: Despite the high national vaccination coverage, a large outbreak of mumps occurred in Israel, in 2009-2010, with onset and heavy transmission in ultraorthodox Jewish communities and further country-wide spread. We examined the sero-prevalence of mumps antibodies in the subpopulations subsequently affected by this large mumps outbreak, compared with the general population. Methods: The study was conducted in ultraorthodox Jewish communities, in Jerusalem district (N = 251), in Bnei Brak city in Tel Aviv district (N = 453), and in the general population (N = 1846), using residual sera of 1-20 year old subjects. Mumps IgG antibodies were measured using Enzygnost anti-parotitis virus IgG ELISA kit. Results: Mumps sero-positivity was significantly lower in Jerusalem: 51.8% (95% CI 51.9-61.0), and Bnei Brak: 56.5% (95% CI 45.6-57.9), than in the general population: 68.1% (95% CI 66.0-70.2). Sero-positivity increased with age, however in Jerusalem it was substantially low (46%) in the age group 10-20 years. This age group comprised a significant portion of mumps patients in the 2009-2010 outbreak. Conclusions: Low immunity levels, combined with overcrowding and social mixing, were the main predisposing factors of the enhanced epidemic transmission of mumps in the ultraorthodox Jewish communities and further country-wide spread.
Estimates of Mumps Seroprevalence May Be Influenced by Antibody Specificity and Serologic Method
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2014
Neutralizing antibodies are assumed to be essential for protection against mumps virus infection, but their measurement is labor-and time-intensive. For this reason, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are typically used to measure mumpsspecific IgG levels. However, since there is poor correlation between mumps neutralization titers and ELISAs that measure the presence of mumps-specific IgG levels, ELISAs that better correlate with neutralization are needed. To address this issue, we measured mumps antibody levels by plaque reduction neutralization, by a commercial ELISA (whole-virus antigen), and by ELISAs specific for the mumps nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin. The results indicate that differences in the antibody response to the individual mumps proteins could partially explain the lack of correlation among various serologic tests. Furthermore, the data indicate that some seropositive individuals have low levels of neutralizing antibody. If neutralizing antibody is important for protection, this suggests that previous estimates of immunity based on whole-virus ELISAs may be overstated.
STUDY ON SEROPREVALENCE OF MUMPS - SPECIFIC IgG ANTIBODIES IN A HEALTHY POPULATION
Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers), 2010
Mumps is a vaccine preventable viral infection. Its typical clinical manifestations are characterized by pain and swelling of the salivary glands, fever, and fatigue. Often other organs are affected-testes in males after puberty (orchitis), ovaries in women (ooforitis), pancreas (pancreatitis), central nervous system (meningities). The use of specific immune prophylaxis led to a significant success in the fight against mumps, but there are still unresolved issues related to the immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of the vaccines. The disease continues to interest researchers today. The main issues being tackled are related to the conduct of virological, clinical and seroepidemiological studies in different countries. Objectives of the study is to determine the frequency distribution of mumps-specific IgG antibodies in healthy populations in the region of Pleven, Bulgaria. Methods: a cross-sectional sero-epidemiological representative population-based survey in the area was made. Enzyme immunoassay method was used for an indirect proof of mumps-specific IgG serum antibodies. 410 people were examined at an average age of 25 (1 to 84). Of these, 250 (61 %) were women and 160 (39 %)-men. Results: Of all test results, the negative were 72 (19 %), the borderline were 12 (3 %), the positive were 182 (44 %), and highly positive were 144 (35 %). The vaccination status showed that 242 (69 %) of all surveyed were immunized with a vaccine against mumps. According to the immunization schedule in Bulgaria, 132 (33 %) people were immunized with monovaccine during the years-1 intake, 80 (20 %) with trivaccine-1 intake, and 64 (16 %)-2 doses. Conclusion: We believe that despite the specific immunprophylaxis carried out against mumps decades on end, the necessary level of protection leading to its elimination has not yet been reached.
Mumps outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations: What makes good even better?
Human vaccines, 2009
outbreak in 2006. This happened in the US despite a two-dose vaccination coverage of 87%. Moreover the majority of the cases (67%) were twice-immunised individuals. In this commentary we speculate on the factors that may be responsible for this striking difference between the US and Finland.
Mumps Antibody Levels Among Students Before a Mumps Outbreak: In Search of a Correlate of Immunity
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011
Background. In 2006, a mumps outbreak occurred on a university campus despite $ 95% coverage of students with 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Using plasma samples from a blood drive held on campus before identification of mumps cases, we compared vaccine-induced preoutbreak mumps antibody levels between individuals who developed mumps (case patients) and those who did not develop mumps (nonpatients). Methods. Preoutbreak samples were available from 11 case patients, 22 nonpatients who reported mumps exposure but no mumps symptoms, and 103 nonpatients who reported no known exposure and no symptoms. Antibody titers were measured by plaque reduction neutralization assay using Jeryl Lynn vaccine virus and the outbreak virus Iowa-G/USA-06 and by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results. Preoutbreak Jeryl Lynn virus neutralization titers were significantly lower among case patients than unexposed nonpatients (P 5 .023), and EIA results were significantly lower among case patients than exposed nonpatients (P 5 .007) and unexposed nonpatients (P 5 .009). Proportionately more case patients than exposed nonpatients had a preoutbreak anti-Jeryl Lynn titer , 31 (64% vs 27%, respectively; P 5 .065), an anti-Iowa-G/ USA-06 titer , 8 (55% vs 14%; P 5 .033), and EIA index standard ratio , 1.40 (64% vs 9%; P 5 .002) and , 1.71 (73% vs 14%, P 5 .001). Discussion. Case patients generally had lower preoutbreak mumps antibody levels than nonpatients. However, titers overlapped and no cutoff points separated all mumps case patients from all nonpatients.
Open forum infectious diseases, 2014
Since 2009, various mumps outbreaks have occurred in the Netherlands, affecting mostly young adults vaccinated against mumps. In this retrospective study, we estimated attack rates for symptomatic and asymptomatic mumps virus infection based on mumps-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G concentrations in paired blood samples obtained before and after the mumps outbreaks, collected in 2 university cities. We aimed to identify a serological correlate of immune protection and risk factors for mumps virus infection. Mumps-specific IgG levels were measured by Luminex technology in paired pre- and post-outbreak samples from students from Leiden (n = 135) and Utrecht (n = 619). Persons with a 4-fold increase in mumps IgG concentrations or mumps IgG concentrations >1500 RU/mL were assumed to have had a mumps virus infection. Attack rates for symptomatic and asymptomatic mumps virus infection were 2.0% and 3.8%, respectively. Pre-outbreak mumps-specific IgG concentrations were lower among cases ...
European journal of epidemiology, 1999
Before the measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccination was widely offered, the epidemiologic data about mumps (morbidity, immunization level, vaccine coverage) were analyzed in Piedmont region (Italy). The disease had a 3- to 5-year epidemic recurrence with morbidity rate between 40 and 150/100,000; the surveillance conducted by 'sentinel' pediatricians showed that the notifications underestimated the real data by about 5- to 7-fold. The 12-year-old subjects showed an immunization level (reached by the disease or the vaccination) of about 50% and their parents tended to refuse the MMR vaccination. Only 54% of the 3- to 5-year-old children received the MMR vaccine in the second year of life and the frequency of the vaccination failure was about 10%. The strategy of vaccination should take into account this epidemiologic pattern, to program an offer adequate to reach mumps control/elimination; the strategy of our region should include the active offer in the second year of life to...