Foundations-Histology, circa 1885 (original) (raw)
Related papers
THE UNTOLD TRUTH ABOUT CANCER- Part 2
Nexus February -March 2010, 2010
The Politics of Cancer: It was public knowledge in early 1951 that the Black–Stevenson Cancer Foundation intended to award two huge grants of $750,000 towards cancer research, and that the first would go to Dr Virginia Livingston's group at the Presbyterian Hospital in Newark, New Jersey, with an equivalent amount to go to New York's Memorial Hospital for Cancer (from 1960, the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center) which Cornelius Rhoads headed. The trustees having already decided this, the actual allocation was left in the hands of Newark lawyer Charles R. Hardin, but fate intervened. According to Livingston: Hardin, the lawyer in charge of allocation, soon would lie dying of cancer at Memorial and while still alive was prevailed upon by design of Rhoads to sign a paper giving Rhoads power over how Presbyterian's grant was to be spent. And that wasn't going to include further research towards an infectious cause for cancer. Still, Rhoads was not finished with her...
A brief history of cancer: age-old milestones underlying our current knowledge database
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer, 2015
This mini-review chronicles the history of cancer ranging from cancerous growths discovered in dinosaur fossils, suggestions of cancer in Ancient Egyptian papyri written in 1500-1600 BC, and the first documented case of human cancer 2,700 years ago, to contributions by pioneers beginning with Hippocrates and ending with the originators of radiation and medical oncology. Fanciful notions that soon fell into oblivion are mentioned such as Paracelsus and van Helmont substituting Galen's black bile by mysterious ens or archeus systems. Likewise, unfortunate episodes such as Virchow claiming Remak's hypotheses as his own remind us that human shortcomings can affect otherwise excellent scientists. However, age-old benchmark observations, hypotheses, and practices of historic and scientific interest are underscored, excerpts included, as precursors of recent discoveries that shaped modern medicine. Examples include: Petit's total mastectomy with excision of axillary glands for ...
THE UNTOLD TRUTH ABOUT CANCER - Part 1
Nexus December 2009- January 2010, 2009
The word "cancer" is of Latin derivation and means "crab". Today, cancer "cure" is a vast industry. But by the turn of the 20th century, the medical profession had come to the conclusion that it was not a matter of whether infectious disease caused cancer, but of which one. For over 200 years, a cancer germ had been discovered and rediscovered, named and renamed, each scientist adding to the knowledge but to no avail. Then, in 1910, certain American medical powers did a 180-degree rotation, deciding that cancer was not caused by a microbe and that anyone who thought otherwise was a heretic, a charlatan or a quack. Dr Virginia Wuerthele-Caspe Livingston and her network were none of the above, their meticulous peer-reviewed research and publications produced at the height of US post–World War II technology. Dr Dean Burk, who cofounded the US National Cancer Institute and headed its cell chemistry department for 34 years, went so far as to say that Livingston's cancer germ was as real and certain as anything known about cancer. Researcher Dr Alan Cantwell, Jr, grew up thinking that all germs responsible for the important diseases were supposed to have been discovered already. But much to his dismay, he found one that had been left out: the cancer germ. Cantwell knew that Livingston had already been branded by the medical orthodoxy for finding this cancer germ—thus, what he thought to be perhaps the major discovery of the 20th century was left largely discredited.
Squamous metaplasia and squamous-cell carcinoma of the rectosigmoid
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, 1967
PRIMARY SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA, arising wholly in the rectosigmoid portion of the colon, occurs so rarely that the average proctologist, over a period of 30 to 40 years of practice, will never see it. Reports recorded in medical literature concerns 33 cases.Z,-% 4, s, 9-ta, 16, 17, 19, 21, 24 Squamouscell carcinoma involving the rectum, arising from the squamous epithelium adjacent to the pectina+e line, is more common, but such cases have been excluded from our study. Less common than squamous carcinoma is squamous metaplasia of the rectal mucosa. Only seven cases have been reported in medical literature.a, 6, i4 In addition, three of these patients had squamous me,taplasia of the rectum. 9, 24 Recently we encountered a patient with squamous-cell carcinoma arising wholly in the rectum, and another who 'had extensive squamous metaplasia of the rectum. This report includes a review of medical literature and describes these two new cases. Report of Cases Case I: A 56-year-old white woman was admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute on May 8, 1963. She had noted intermittent rectal bleeding for several years and increasing constipation for three months. She also had nocturia, urinary frequency and glaucoma of the left eye. There was no history of prior colonic disease, and a Frei test was negative. She had hypertension (blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg.). About 8 cm above the pectinate line, a circumferential, stenotic, firm lesion was palpable. On visual inspection, the mucosa was intact; its appearance was greyish-white, resembling leukoplakia.
The Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2009
was an assistant surgeon in the US Army during the Civil War, coauthored the definitive works on the mortality and morbidity of that war, attended at the autopsy of President Lincoln, and attended President Garfield after he was shot. He revolutionized the field of photomicroscopy and was one of the first pathologists to use aniline dyes as tissue stains. Yet despite the occasional biographical sketch every few decades, he is largely unknown today. Herein, we review his contributions to surgical pathology and medicine and present modern-day photomicrographs of 140-year-old slides from Woodward's original collection.
The evolution of radical cancer surgery
Surgical oncology clinics of North America, 2005
In the last 150 years, the evolution of cancer surgery has been nothing short of spectacular. A close look at the mid-eighteenth century surgical panorama reveals a fascinating era of observation and discovery. Among these are observations on the natural history of malignant neoplasms usually diagnosed at late clinical stages. Primitive attempts at eradicating these tumors resulted in unacceptable human suffering and mortality. Toward the end of the eighteenth century, the clinico-pathologic features of malignant disease were so accurately described that they formed the basis for modern surgery and medicine. Even so, few medical conditionsdand only rarely malignancydcould be cured by the likes of nineteenth century pioneers such as Billroth and Osler. Advances in anatomic and clinical pathology, antisepsis, and anesthesia in the mid-1800s made it possible at the end of the nineteenth century and into the first 50 years of the twentieth century for European and American surgeons to develop radical operations for the cure of cancer. Radical surgery was developed out of the necessity to eradicate locally advanced malignant neoplasms that at the time of diagnosis had involved adjacent tissues and organs or regional lymph nodes. Further advances in antimicrobial therapy,
Carcinoma in Situ: Meanings and Medical Significance
Women’s Bodies and Medical Science, 2010
In 1966 Associate Professor Herbert (Herb) Green took a proposal to the National Women's Hospital Medical Committee to treat more conservatively than previously women who had been diagnosed through a positive cervical smear with carcinoma in situ or abnormal cells in their cervix. Twenty-one years later, at the Inquiry into Cervical Cancer at National Women's Hospital, this was identified as the start of the 'unfortunate experiment' in which some patients received inadequate treatment. Discussing Green's 1966 proposal, Judge Silvia Cartwright wrote, 'In 1966 Green and his colleagues on the Hospital Medical Committee were well aware of the world view that CIS was a precancerous condition. ' 1 She claimed that he was trying to 'prove a personal belief ' that carcinoma in situ was not a precursor to invasive cancer, 'ignoring virtually all the existing literature which assessed the likelihood of progression to invasion'. 2 What was the 'world view' of CIS of the cervix? This chapter traces interpretations of the meaning of this medical condition in the international medical literature from the 1950s to the 1990s. An understanding of these debates helps to contextualise Green's 1966 proposal and his management of patients with CIS. Green's colleague, Dr William (Bill) McIndoe, referred to Green's 'strange ideas' relating to CIS, and later Dr Barbara Heslop, medical professor at the University of Otago Medical School, depicted him as a lone researcher in the South Pacific, isolated from the wider world. 3 The following discussion will question these perceptions of Green by reviewing international debates about the meanings and medical significance of a diagnosis of CIS, and his place within them. These debates were not just academic but had significant implications for treatment.
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2013
The paleopathological record of neoplastic conditions in the past is considered scarce. The detection of tumours in ancient populations is hindered by the quality and quantity of signs visible on the skeleton, the methodological approach, the preservation of remains, and by difficulties of differential diagnosis. The aims of this paper are to report the extensive and multiple osteolytic lesions observed in an adult male and to discuss the possible etiology of these lesions. The individual, a 71-year old male who died in 1932, is part of the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection. Records indicate that he died of a "heart lesion". The present study used macroscopic, radiological and computerized tomography examinations to analyse the skeletal remains of the individual number 439. The type and pattern of the lesions detected, which were most prominent on the skull, were compared with both clinical and paleopathological diagnostic criteria for different nosologic groups. The differential diagnosis addresses problems expressed both in clinical and in paleopathological literature with regard to the difficulties in distinguishing metastatic tumours from multiple myeloma. The nature of the lesions represented by this individual precludes an 2 exact diagnosis. Therefore, we employed a broader category, neoplastic condition, instead of choosing a more specific diagnosis that would likely have resulted in a misdiagnosis due to overlapping features on this individual's condition. Further investigations are necessary to establish more replicable indicators and to improve confidence in retrospective diagnosis of these types of conditions.