Slag Valorisation of Reductive Smelting Process by Shaft Furnace in the Lead Metallurgy of “Trepça” Complex with Economical and Environmental Effects (original) (raw)
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Concentration and Distribution Characteristics of Trepça Shaft Furnace Slag
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The slag produced in the shaft furnaces of the Trepça metallurgical corporation during the smelting of agglomerates contains a considerable quantity of valuable metals, such as Pb, Zn, Bi, Ag, Au. Owing to the huge amounts of slag deposited around the Trepça smelting factories, evaluated at about 2.5 to 3.0 mill. t, a comprehensive analysis of this slag is of practical interest – for its use as raw material for the technological process of lead production, as well as for the extraction of other valuable metals from it. Concentrations of valuable metals in the slag produced in the Trepça shaft furnaces fluctuate considerably. Therefore, it is of interest to determine the corresponding statistical characteristics. For this purpose, in this paper have been performed 465 measurements of the slag composition, carried out during a one-year period of lead production in the Trepça operation. Based on them, the following statistical features of slag components have been elaborated in this pa...
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2016 UBT International Conference, 2016
The landfilled slags obtained over the years from reduction smelting of lead agglomerates at the Trepca lead smelter contain numerous components as metal oxides and sulphides as well as metals in elementary state. Among others they contain various forms of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, Ge, Tl, In, As, Bi, Sb. These are valuable elements that may turn these slags to a new important "raw material" for their extraction. Based on the chemical composition results of 354 samples and mineralogical analysis then the quantity of these landfilled slag, which is estimated to be about 3 million tons it was concluded that these slags constitute a feasible waste for extraction of valuable metals. In order to select the optimal process for the separation/extraction of these metals some existing extraction processes were studied based on fuming, electro thermic separation etc. Waelz process was also analysed since it enables the processing of solid slag whose components have different vapour pressures, assures low rate of metal loss during processing and achieves generally good results in terms of economic feasibility.
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The technogenic copper deposit of slag Depo 1 is located in the industrial district of the Smelter and Refineries of RTB Bor. Exploitation reserves are 9 190 940 t of slag with the average copper content of 0.715%. Sample of this deposit was melted in a furnace and then cooled with a jet of water when it was poured into a thin jet, whereby the small-granulated pieces were formed. Comparison of some properties of this sample was done with the sample in the form in which it was deposited in the deposit. This paper presents the chemical analysis, SEM-EDS analysis, Bond working index in a rod and ball mill, grinding kinetics and experiments of flotation concentration of copper depending on the grinding fineness in the range of 60-95%-0.075 mm.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2021
There are only a few smelters processing copper concentrates directly into blister copper. Despite the many advantages of this process, a serious challenge of this technology is the need to process the resulting flash smelting slag. It contains 12-15% copper and 2.5-4% lead. In this form, it cannot be considered as waste material and, therefore, a high-temperature reduction process is carried out. This decopperization process is energy-and time-consuming. The use of mineralurgical and hydrometallurgical processes, selective enrichment of the appropriate slag fractions in copper and lead, followed by its hydrometallurgical processing and recovery of Cu and Pb could be an interesting supplement to the methods used so far. The article presents results of research on the possibility of separation of useful components from copper slag using the original method of sieve analysis, gravitational enrichment and magnetic separation. Preliminary results of tests were made on a laboratory scale. Then, selective leaching of copper and lead from flash smelting slag was carried out, obtaining very promising results.
STUDY OF IRON AND STEEL SLAG AS A PRODUCT WITH RESPECT TO PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, 2017
This paper review the generation of slag from an integrated steel plant; focusing on, slag generated in blast furnace during process of iron making and through EAF / BOF during process of steel making .The slag generated from BF and EAF/BOF are having different characteristic. The different type of slag having different chemical and physical properties, this depends on the chemical properties of input raw material charged in process of iron/steel making and this slag used in different process as raw material. Blast Furnace slag production ranges from about 220 to 370 kilograms per metric ton of pig iron produced; although lower grade ores may yield much higher slag fractions. Steel making process in electric arc furnaces generates up to 15 % of slag, which is, based on its properties, classified as non-hazardous waste. Disposal of such material requires large surfaces and it is rather unfavorable in economic terms.
Sustainability, 2020
Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag are generated annually in Korea. The oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3), silica (SiO 2 from flux), alumina (AI 2 O 3), calcia (CaO) and magnesia (MgO). The main oxides in copper slag, which are iron oxide and silica, exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO 2). Since copper smelting slag contains high content of iron, and copper and zinc, common applications of copper smelting slag can be used in value-added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, road-base construction, railroad ballast, fine aggregate in concrete, etc. Some studies have attempted to recover metal values from copper slag. This research was intended to recover ferrous alloy contained Cu, a raw material of zinc, from copper slag, and produce reformed slag such as blast furnace slag for Portland cement. As a result, it was confirmed that with reduction smelting by carbon at temperatures above 1400 • C, it is possible to recover pig iron containing copper from copper smelting slag, and the addition of CaO in reduction smelting helped to reduce iron oxide in the fayalite and change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the slag. The copper oxide in the slag can be easily reduced and dissolved in the molten pig iron, and zinc oxide is also reduced to a volatile zinc, which is removed from the furnace as fumes, by carbon during the reduction process. When CaO addition is above 5%, acid slag is completely transformed into calcium silicate slag and is observed to be like blast furnace slag.
Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal, 2021
The relevance of the study is due to the need to identify the problems, features and consequences of strategic transformations in the metallurgical industry of Ukraine in the context of reviewing the circular process of organization of the economy, where the blast furnace, open-hearth and rolling production waste are of a high potential. The reuse of metallurgical waste has a number of economic advantages in terms of the chemical composition of the product life cycle. Blast furnace slag is suitable as a raw material in cement production and can be used as fillers in the construction of roads, hydraulic and environmental facilities, during reclamation works, etc. Agriculture actively uses slag as a fertilizer that contains potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, magnesium, boron-as an additive that reduces soil acidity. Currently, all slag can be processed into fertilizers or building materials. The economic effect of the use of slag in construction is accounted for in the relatively low cost of products, improvement of the quality and durability of the structures. The main positive consequences of smartization of the metallurgical industry are increase of its resource efficiency and environmental friendliness, negative-the low level of blast furnace slag use in various sectors of the economy compared to the experience of developed countries, an insufficiently developed legal framework. The mechanism of state management of the use of secondary raw materials, especially metallurgical origin, in conditions of shortage of energy resources and the intensive use of non-renewable natural resources remains an important scientific problem and requires further research.
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The new gas installations of combined cycle (GICC) thermal power plants for production of electricity are more efficient than conventional thermal power plants, but they produce a high quantity of wastes in the form of slags and fly ashes. Nowadays, these by-products are stored within the production plants with, until now, no applications of recycling in other industrial processes. In order to evaluate the capability of these products for recycling in glass and ceramics inductory, an investigation for the full characterization has been made by usual physico-chemical methods such as chemical analysis, mineralogical analysis by XRD, granulometry, BET, DTA/TG, heating microscopy and SEM/EDX.