Nationwide study of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1-35 years (original) (raw)
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Burden of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1 to 49 years: nationwide study in Denmark
Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology, 2014
Knowledge of the burden and causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is sparse in persons aged<50 years; better understanding is needed to lower the risk of SCD. The aim of this study was to report SCD incidence rates and autopsy findings in persons aged 1 to 49 years. All deaths in persons aged 1 to 49 years were included in 2007 to 2009. Death certificates were reviewed by 2 physicians. History of previous admissions to hospital was assessed, and discharge summaries were read. Sudden unexpected death cases were identified and autopsy reports were collected. In the 3-year study period, there were 7849 deaths of which we identified 893 (11%) SCD cases. The annual incidence rate per 100 000 persons increased from 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.0-2.7) to 21.7 (95% confidence interval, 20.2-23.4) in persons aged 1 to 35 and 36 to 49 years, respectively. Coronary artery disease was the most common cause of death and was found in 158 (36%) autopsied cases, followed by 135 (31%) cases of ...
EP Europace, 2021
The aims of this centre-based survey, promoted and disseminated by the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) was to investigate the current practice for the investigation of Sudden Unexplained Death in the Young (SUDY) amongst European countries. An online questionnaire composed of 21 questions was submitted to the EHRA Research Network, European Cardiac Arrhythmia Genetics (ECGen) Focus Group members, and European Reference Network GUARD-Heart healthcare partners. There were 81 respondents from 24 European countries. The majority (78%) worked in a dedicated clinic focusing on families with inherited cardiac conditions and/or SUDY or had easy access to a nearby one. On average, an autopsy was performed in 43% of SUDY cases. Macroscopic examination of the body and all organs were completed in 71% of cases undergoing autopsy, and expert cardiac examination in 32%. Post-mortem genetic testing was requested on average in 37% of Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS) cases, but not a...
Sudden cardiac death in the young (5-39 years) in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland
BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2014
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) among the young is a rare and devastating event, but its exact incidence in many countries remains unknown. An autopsy is recommended in every case because some of the cardiac pathologies may have a genetic origin, which can have an impact on the living family members. The aims of this retrospective study completed in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland were to determine both the incidence of SCD and the autopsy rate for individuals from 5 to 39 years of age. The study was conducted from 2000 to 2007 on the basis of official statistics and analysis of the International Classification of Diseases codes for potential SCDs and other deaths that might have been due to cardiac disease. During the 8 year study period there was an average of 292'546 persons aged 5-39 and there were a total of 1122 deaths, certified as potential SCDs in 3.6% of cases. The calculated incidence is 1.71/100'000 person-years (2.73 for men and 0.69 for women). If all possible cases...
Sudden cardiac death and coronary disease in the young: A nationwide cohort study in Denmark
International Journal of Cardiology, 2017
Background Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary artery disease (CAD-SCD) is the most frequent cause of SCD in persons <50 years. The aim of this study was to examine differences in clinical characteristics and autopsy findings of the heart among 18-35 and 36-49 year old CAD-SCD cases. Methods: We have previously identified all sudden cardiac deaths in Denmark through review of death certificates and autopsy reports including all deaths between 2000 and 2006 in individuals aged 18-35 years and all deaths between 2007 and 2009 in individuals aged 18-49 years. In this study we included the 197 autopsied CAD-SCD cases. Full autopsy report and medical records from general practitioners and hospitals were obtained. Results: There was a male predominance (n=151, 76%) and the median age was 42 years. In witnessed cases, 51% had a shockable rhythm and 9 cases returned to spontaneous circulation briefly, CAD-SCD victims aged 36-49 years had more severe atherosclerosis in all coronary arteries, more multi-vessel disease (29% vs. 15%, p=0.049) and less commonly (38% vs. 54%, p=0.039) acute coronary occlusion than victims <36 years. Sixty-eight percent(n=133) of CAD-SCD victims had cardiac symptoms prior to death. Conclusion: This nationwide study found several differences in the pathologic lesions of the heart in victims aged 18-35 and 36-49 years, which might be associated with different disease progression leading to death in these age groups. We also report a high frequency of cardiac symptoms prior to death in young CAD-SCD cases, which may enable clinicians to prevent these tragic deaths.
Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death on Autopsy Findings; a Four-Year Report
SBMU publishing, 2014
Introduction: Incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) has been steadily increasing all over the world. While knowing the cause of SCD is one of the favorites of the physicians involved with these cases, it is very difficult and challenging task for the forensic physician. The present report is a prospective study regarding cause of SCDs on autopsy examination in four-year period, Bangalore, India. Methods: The present prospective study is based on autopsy observations, carried out for four-year period from 2008 to 2011, and analyzed for cause of SCDs. The cases were chosen as per the definition of sudden death and autopsied. The material was divided into natural and unnatural groups. Finally, on histopathology, gross examination, hospital details, circumstantial, and police reports the cause of death was inferred. Results: A total of 2449 autopsy was conducted of which 204 cases were due to SCD. The highest SCDs were reported in 50-60 years age group (62.24%; n-127), followed closely by the age group 60-69 (28.43%; n-58). Male to female ratio was around 10:1. The maximum number of deaths (n=78) was within few hours (6 hours) after the onset of signs and symptoms. In 24 (11.8%) cases major narrowing was noted in both the main coronaries, in 87 (42.6%) cases in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and in 18 (51.5%) cases in the right coronary artery (RCA). The major cardiac pathology resulting in sudden death was coronary artery disease (n-116; 56.86%) and myocardial infarction (n-104; 50.9%). most of the SCDs occurred in the place of residence (n-80; 39.2%) followed closely by death in hospital (n-49; 24.01%). Conclusion: Coronary occlusion was the major contributory cause of sudden death with cardiac origin and the highest number of deaths were reported in the age 50-59 years with male to female ratio of 10:1.
Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death, European Society of Cardiology
Europace
The European Society of Cardiology has convened a Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death in order to provide a comprehensive, educational document on this important topic. The main document has been published in the European Heart Journal in August 2001 [1]. The Task Force has now summarized the most important clinical issues on sudden cardiac death and provided tables with recommendations for risk stratification and for prophylaxis of sudden cardiac death. The present recommendations are specifically intended to encourage the development and revision of national guidelines on prevention of sudden cardiac death. The common challenge for cardiologists, physicians of other medical specialties and health professionals throughout Europe is to realize the potential for sudden cardiac death prevention and to contribute to public health efforts to reduce its burden.
Review on Sudden Deaths Due to Cardiac Abnormalities
Jurnal Teknologi, 2019
Sudden death is an unexpected natural death within the one-hour onset of a symptom or unwitnessed death that occurs within 24 hours. This definition is most often used to describe death caused by cardiac failure as it is one of the well-known causes of natural death. Various aetiologies are leading to sudden death, and myocardial infarction is reported to be one of the leading causes either due to coronary atherosclerosis and/ or thrombosis. An autopsy is a procedure routinely performed by the pathologist to determine the cause and manner of death which provides valuable information such as, demographic factors comprises gender, age, ethnic and lifestyle that were strongly linked to sudden deaths. This article review will discuss on autopsy in sudden death, as well as the aetiology of sudden death associated with cardiac abnormalities. Further, the contribution of demographic factors to sudden death will also be discussed and highlighted.
Heart Rhythm, 2013
BACKGROUND Understanding sudden cardiac death in the young may inform prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To determine the scope and nature of sudden death in a geographically defined population. METHODS We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, of all sudden cardiac death cases involving persons aged 2-40 years identified from the 2008 comprehensive Coroner database. Of 1741 Coroner's cases, 376 were considered potential sudden cardiac death cases and underwent review. RESULTS There were 174 cases of adjudicated sudden cardiac death from a population of 6,602,680 persons aged 2-40 years. Structural heart disease was present in 126 cases (72%), 78% of which was unrecognized. There was no identifiable cause of death in 48 cases (28%), representing primary arrhythmia syndromes. The majority of decedents were men (76%) over the age of 18 (90%). The overall incidence of sudden cardiac death increased with age from 0.7/100,000 (2-18 years) to 2.4/100,000 (19-29 years) to 5.3/100,000 (30-40 years) person-years. Persons experiencing sudden cardiac death before age 30 were more likely to have a primary arrhythmia syndrome (odds ratio 2.97; P o .001). The majority of events occurred in the home (72%); 33% of the events in children/adolescents and 9% of the events in adults occurred during reported moderate or vigorous exercise (P ΒΌ .002). There were no pediatric deaths during organized competitive sports. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of sudden cardiac death increases with age, typically occurring in a man at rest in the home with unrecognized underlying heart disease or a primary arrhythmia syndrome. Prevention strategies should consider targeting identification of unrecognized structural heart disease and primary arrhythmia syndromes.
Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology
European Heart Journal, 2001
This comprehensive, educational document on sudden cardiac death is an extensive review that was deemed necessary for two reasons: first, major studies have advanced our knowledge of the natural history, risk prediction and evaluation, and prevention of tachyarrhythmias and sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure; second, in rare or previously unknown diseases, the recognition of high risk patients is more difficult since studies are either lacking or they are less likely to be performed.
A Prospective Study of Sudden Cardiac Death among Children and Young Adults
The New England journal of medicine, 2016
Sudden cardiac death among children and young adults is a devastating event. We performed a prospective, population-based, clinical and genetic study of sudden cardiac death among children and young adults. We prospectively collected clinical, demographic, and autopsy information on all cases of sudden cardiac death among children and young adults 1 to 35 years of age in Australia and New Zealand from 2010 through 2012. In cases that had no cause identified after a comprehensive autopsy that included toxicologic and histologic studies (unexplained sudden cardiac death), at least 59 cardiac genes were analyzed for a clinically relevant cardiac gene mutation. A total of 490 cases of sudden cardiac death were identified. The annual incidence was 1.3 cases per 100,000 persons 1 to 35 years of age; 72% of the cases involved boys or young men. Persons 31 to 35 years of age had the highest incidence of sudden cardiac death (3.2 cases per 100,000 persons per year), and persons 16 to 20 year...