Assessment of the effects of adjunctive gabapentin on postoperative pain after intervertebral disc surgery in dogs (original) (raw)
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Retrospective Study of 240 Dogs Receiving Gabapentin for Chronic Pain Relief
2020
Our goal was to assess gabapentin dosage and tolerability in dogs taking it for chronic pain. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 240 dogs taking gabapentin for chronic pain and systematically assessed: patient signalment, definitive diagnosis, location and description of pain, VAS scores immediately preceding and following the patient’s maximum gabapentin dose, maximum gabapentin dosage, presence or absence of side effects related to gabapentin use, use of NSAID/immunomodulator drugs and nutraceuticals, presence or absence of levothyroxine supplementation, surgical procedures, and physical medicine. The range of tolerated gabapentin doses was 6.9 500 mg/kg/day [3.1227.3 mg/lb], PO, q12 hr (every 12 hrs) and only 10% of patients experienced the most common side effect of sedation. The data support the hypothesis that gabapentin is a well-tolerated and safe analgesic over a wide range of doses. Gabapentin appears to be tolerated at much higher doses than has been previ...
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021
The measurement and treatment of acute pain in animals is essential from a welfare perspective. Valid pain-related outcome measures are also crucial for ensuring reliable and translatable findings in veterinary clinical trials. The short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) is a multi-item behavioral pain assessment tool, developed and validated using a psychometric approach, to measure acute pain in the dog. Here we conduct a scoping review to identify prospective research studies that have used the CMPS-SF. We aim to describe the contexts in which it has been used, verify the correct use of the scale, and examine whether these studies are well-designed and adequately powered. We identify 114 eligible studies, indicating widespread use of the scale. We also document a limited number of modifications to the scale and intervention level, which would alter its validity. A variety of methods, with no consensus, were used to analyse data derived from the scale. How...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2010
Scientific Reports 751 SMALL ANIMALS/ EXOTIC M anagement of postoperative pain is one of the major challenges of veterinary medicine. Classes of analgesics commonly used in dogs include opioids and NSAIDs, which may be associated with adverse effects such as sedation, dysphoria, gastrointestinal tract dysfunction, or renal toxicosis. For this reason, adjunct analgesic techniques that have the potential to improve comfort without adverse effects are of interest. For example, subanesthetic doses of ketamine can improve postoperative pain scores and activity in dogs undergoing amputation of a forelimb. 1 Gabapentin, a medication originally developed for use as an anticonvulsant, has received considerable attention in the human literature for its ability to decrease chronic neuropathic pain (often related to cancer) 2,3 and, more recently, to decrease acute postoperative pain. 4-8 Gabapentin is an alkylated GABA analogue that may modulate pain through binding to α2δ calcium channel
The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue vétérinaire canadienne, 1996
Ketorolac tromethamine, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic, was compared with flunixin and butorphanol for its analgesic efficacy and potential side effects after laparotomy or shoulder arthrotomy in dogs. Sixty-four dogs were randomly assigned to receive butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg body weight (BW) (n = 21), flunixin 1.0 mg/kg BW (n = 21), or ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg BW (n = 22), in a double blind fashion. The analgesic efficacy was rated from 1 to 4 (1 = inadequate, 4 = excellent) for each dog. The average scores after laparotomy were ketorolac, 3.4; flunixin, 2.7; and butorphanol, 1.6. After shoulder arthrotomy, the average scores were ketorolac, 3.5; flunixin, 3.0; and butorphanol, 1.4 (5/11 dogs). As butorphanol was unable to control pain after shoulder arthrotomy, oxymorphone, 0.05 mg/kg BW, replaced butorphanol in a subsequent group of dogs and had a score of 2.0 (6/11 dogs). Serum alanine aminotransferase and creatinine were significantly elevated above baseline at 24 hours pos...
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2007
Objective To compare the analgesic effects of buprenorphine, carprofen, and their combination in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Study design Prospective, randomized blinded clinical study. Animals 60 dogs. Methods Treatments were buprenorphine 0.02 mg kg)1 , intramuscularly (IM) (group B); carprofen 4 mg kg)1 , subcutaneously (SC) (group C); or a combination of both (group CB). Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. A Dynamic Interactive Visual Analog Scale (DIVAS, 0-100 mm) and the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (GCMPS, 0-24) were used to evaluate comfort and sedation at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after extubation. Rescue analgesia was provided with buprenorphine (0.02 mg kg)1). Wound swelling measurements (WM) and a visual inflammation score (VIS) of the incision were made after surgery and 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours later. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Group C required more propofol (5.0 ± 1.4 mg kg)1) compared with B (3.3 ± 1.1 mg kg)1) and CB (3.2 ± 0.7 mg kg)1); respectively, p ¼ 0.0002 and 0.0001. Rescue analgesia was required in nine dogs. B had a higher GCMPS and DIVAS III score at 6 hours (2.6 ± 2.5) and (23 ± 22.5 mm) compared with C (1.0 ± 1.3, 6 ± 7.3 mm) and CB (1.5 ± 1.4, 8 ± 10.7 mm); respectively, p ¼ 0.02 and 0.006. Group C had a lower sedation score at 2 hours (43 ± 23.6 mm) compared with B (68 ± 32.1 mm) and BC (69 ± 22.1 mm); respectively, p ¼ 0.03 and 0.004. Group B had a higher WM score at 2 hours (3 ± 0.8 mm) compared with C (2 ± 0.6 mm) p ¼ 0.01 and at 6 hours (3 ± 1 mm) compared with C (2 ± 0.8 mm) and CB (2 ± 0.8 mm); respectively, p ¼ 0.01 and 0.008. VIS was not different between groups. Conclusion and clinical relevance All treatments provided satisfactory analgesia for the first 6 hours and at 24 hours. C and CB pain score and WS were superior to B at 6 hours. No superior analgesic effect was noted when the drugs were combined.
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2020
The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of epidural bupivacaine, bupivacaine-butorphanol and bupivacaine-morphine in hind limb and pelvic orthopedic operations in dogs. Three groups each containing 10 dogs were formed. Through the lumbosacral space, group B was administered bupivacaine, 1 mg kg-1; group BB was administered bupivacaine, 1 mg kg-1 and butorphanol, 0.25 mg kg-1; and group BM was administered bupivacaine, 1 mg kg-1 and morphine, 0.1 mg kg-1. Anaesthesia was induced with diazepam (0.2 mg kg-1) and propofol (5 mg kg-1) and maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen. Pain assessment was performed with the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) by a blinded observer. Plasma cortisol levels were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower at 2 hours in the group BM, and at 8 and 12 hours in the groups BB and BM compared to the group B (P=0.007). Group BM had a lower plasma cortisol level than ...
Objective: To compare the analgesic and systemic effects during the post-operative period of epidural anesthesia performed with bupivacaine alone or with fentanyl, ketamine or dexmedetomidine in forty male mongrel dogs. Material and Methods: Dogs were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=10) received bupivacaine (BG)1.5 mg/kg alone or in addition to ketamine HCL (BKG) 2mg/kg or fentanyl HCL (BFG) 2 µg / kg or dexmedetomidine (BDG) HCL 1.13 µg / kg according to randomization into the lumbosacral space. Systolic and Diastolic blood pressures were evaluated. Dogs were scored for analgesia using Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale score (CMPS-SF). Results: Systolic blood pressure showed significant decrease in BFG compared with the other treatment groups. Median (IQR) CMPS-SF scores for dogs in the BDG were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with dogs in the BKG, BFG or BG groups. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: The results clarified that the dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine was superior to the other adjuvants with sufficient analgesia last up to the first 24 hours post-operative.
A Comparison of Nalbuphine and Pentazocine in Controlling Postoperative Pain in Dogs
Matrix Science Medica, 2018
Surgical success in most cases is governed by the quality of post-operative pain management. In Pakistan, most veterinary surgeons face a dire predicament as they fail astutely in this regard. Owing to the controlled dispensing of potent narcotics and their potential misuse, an imperative need for effective post-operative analgesic management of pain exists in dogs. 32 dogs were randomly divided into two groups. Group A was injected Nalbuphine @ 0.5 mg/kg post-operatively while Group B was injected Pentazocine @ 3mg/kg. Subjective and objective analysis of pain was conducted by unbiased observers. Vital signs (Temperature, pulse, respiration) were analyzed along with supplementation of hepatic and renal function tests. Objective and subjective analysis of both groups yielded results in the favor of pentazocine. In group A, temperature, pulse and respiration averaged 101.86±0.58 o F, 83.46±2.75 per minute and 19.26±2.14 per minute respectively. Group 2 demonstrated temperature, pulse and respiration averages of 102.31±0.40 o F, 83.41±2.74 per minute and 19.54±2.14 per minute respectively. Values of hepatic and renal function were also observed to be significantly higher in Nalbuphine treated group. All the results indicate that pentazocine is not only a significantly better analgesic but also has lower hepatotoxic and renal toxic effects.
Evaluation and comparison of postoperative analgesic effects of dexketoprofen and methadone in dogs
Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2018
To evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of dexketoprofen and methadone using a noninferiority trial, during the first 24 postoperative hours in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Randomized, blinded clinical study. A total of 38 healthy dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Dogs were premedicated with dexmedetomidine [1 μg kg intravenously (IV)] followed by dexketoprofen (1 mg kg IV; group DK) or methadone (0.2 mg kg IV; group M). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in 60% oxygen. Postoperatively, dexketoprofen was administered every 8 hours (group DK) and methadone every 4 hours (group M). Analgesia was assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 18 and 24 hours after extubation using a dynamic and interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS), the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF), mechanical wound thresholds (MWTs) and plasma cortisol levels. If CMPS-SF score was ≥5, rescue analgesia was administe...
Laboratory Animals, 2002
Buprenorphine has been widely used for post-operative analgesia in laboratory animals. Clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in both subjective and objective pain assessment schemes, however doubts have been expressed as to its value as an analgesic. Initial dosage recommendations were based on analgesiometric studies. It is unlikely, however, that the pain elicited in analgesiometric tests is comparable to post-operative pain. This has resulted in recommendations of excessive dose rates and inappropriate clinical indications. Studies involving tests of the efficacy of buprenorphine for alleviating behavioural or other signs of tonic (post-surgical) pain provide a more appropriate estimation of the analgesic capabilities of the drug. However, buprenorphine also has major effects upon the behaviour of normal (unoperated) animals, and this makes assessments of efficacy difficult with some of the systems used for scoring clinical pain. Nevertheless, our most recent studies of the eff...