A new 3D indoor ray-tracing propagation model with particular reference to the prediction of power and delay spread (original) (raw)
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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2000
A novel three-dimensional (3-D) ray-tracing model capable of supporting detailed representation of the indoor environment, as well as external building structures, is presented in this paper. The developed algorithm uses a hybrid imaging technique where the two-dimensional (2-D) image generations in vertical and horizontal planes are combined to produce 3-D paths. It also employs the concept of "illumination zones" of the images which greatly simplifies the image map and allows the evaluation of complex indoor scenarios.
Indoor 3D ray tracing predictions and their comparison with high resolution wideband measurements
Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC, 1996
This paper investigates the viability of an 'image based' 3D indoor propagation algorithm for characterising the radio channel in both LOS and non-LOS locations. The channel characteristics were also studied for different receiver antenna orientations. Predictions from the model are compared with high resolution channel impulse response measurements. The measurements highlight the high degree of variability experienced in the indoor channel. The results illustrate that with sufficient detail in the ray model reasonable agreement can be obtained for the power delay profiles.
Ray tracing prediction of indoor radio propagation
5th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Wireless Networks - Catching the Mobile Future., 1994
Indoor wireless systems will be used in a large variety of office, factory and residential environments. Thus, adequate guidelines for radio port placement are needed to ensure satisfactory performance at the lowest cost. These guidelines must be derived from a large body of site-specific propagation data. However, collecting a statistically significant database through measurements is a daunting task. Alternatively, this database can be generated by using propagation models, validated by measurements. Several models exist for the statistical characterization of microwave propagation within buildings. However, statistical models do not provide site-specific information. We propose a hybrid model in which ray tracing is used to predict, a t any given location, the local mean of the received power and the delay profile. Variations about the mean values can then be captured via a statistical description matched to the local environment. We describe an efficient 3-D ray tracing algorithm which accounts for all (transmitted as well as reflected) rays reaching the receiver location after an arbitrary number of reflections. We include the effects of the angle of incidence, the material dielectric constant and the antenna patterns. The predicted values for the local means of the received power are then compared against measurements to establish the accuracy of this approach.
Validation of Three-Dimensional Ray-Tracing Algorithm for Indoor Wireless Propagations
ISRN Communications and Networking, 2011
A 3D ray tracing simulator has been developed for indoor wireless networks. The simulator uses geometrical optics (GOs) to propagate the electromagnetic waves inside the buildings. The prediction technique takes into account multiple reflections and transmissions of the propagated waves. An interpolation prediction method (IPM) has been proposed to predict the propagated signal and to make the ray-tracing algorithm faster, accurate, and simple. The measurements have been achieved by using a single Wi-Fi network access point as a transmitter and a laptop as a receiver. Measured data had been collected at different positions in indoor environment and compared with predicted signals. The comparison of the predicted and measured received signals gave root mean square error of 2.96 dB and std. deviation of 2.98 dB.
Proceedings of the 13th …, 2002
This paper discusses an efficient implementati on of Deterministic Ray Tracing model for indoor wireless propagation and the nth order contribution of reflection components. It is important to characterize the indoor propagation channel to ensure satisfactory performance of a wireless communication system. Ray tracing method is extremely effective in indoor environments for estimating the average propagation loss caused by severe multi path reflections. In this model the dominant rays are calculated using Geometrical Optics implemented by the method of images. Deterministic models are computationally expensive but provide accurate results, which become essential in Indoor Wireless site-specific propagation modeling. A Software package has been developed which performs 3-D ray tracing and calculates signal strength variations in a given wireless environment. To validate software results, experimentation at 836 MHz & 1 GHz was carried out in the building of Electrical Engineering Department at UET Lahore. Measured results were mostly found to be in close agreement with the calculated values, proving the validity of the implemented model.
A novel 3D ray launching technique for radio propagation prediction in indoor environments
PloS one, 2018
Radio propagation prediction simulation methods based on deterministic technique such as ray launching is extensively used to accomplish radio channel characterization. However, the superiority of the simulation depends on the number of rays launched and received. This paper presented the indoor three-dimensional (3D) Minimum Ray Launching Maximum Accuracy (MRLMA) technique, which is applicable for an efficient indoor radio wave propagation prediction. Utilizing the novel MRLMA technique in the simulation environment for ray lunching and tracing can drastically reduce the number of rays that need to be traced, and improve the efficiency of ray tracing. Implementation and justification of MRLMA presented in the paper. An indoor office 3D layouts are selected and simulations have been performed using the MRLMA and other reference techniques. Results showed that the indoor 3D MRLMA model is appropriate for wireless communications network systems design and optimization process with res...
Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 2018
The main target of this article is to study the provision of indoor service (coverage) using outdoor base station at higher frequencies i.e. 10 GHz, 30 GHz and 60 GHz. In an outdoor to indoor propagation, an angular wall loss model is used in the General Building Penetration (GBP) model for estimating the additional loss at the intercept point of the building exterior wall. A novel angular wall loss model based on a separate incidence angle in azimuth and elevation plane is proposed in this paper. In the second part of this study, an Extended Building Penetration (EBP) model is proposed, and the performance of EBP model is compared with the GBP model. In EBP model, the additional fifth path known as the "Direct path" is proposed to be included in the GBP model. Based on the evaluation results, the impact of the direct path is found significant for the indoor users having the same or closed by height as that of the height of the transmitter. For the indoor users located far away from the exterior wall of building, a modified and enhanced approach of ray tracing type is proposed in this article. In the light of acquired simulation results, the impact of a modified ray tracing approach is emphasized.
A ray tracing technique to predict path loss and delay spread inside buildings
[Conference Record] GLOBECOM '92 - Communications for Global Users: IEEE
This paper presents a ray tracing technique to predict path loss and delay spread in buildings. A computer program to predict radio propagation in buildings based on site-specific information such as wall locations and building materials is described. Using geometrical optics-based assumptions. rays are traced in three dimensions from a transmitter location. Line-of-sight, specularly transmitted, specularly reflected, and non-specularly transmitted and reflected rays are included in the model. The individual rays are combined coherently as a function of excess delay to form a power delay profile. Power delay profiles are used for qualitative comparison of measured and predicted propagation. Statistics such as path loss and rms delay spread are computed from the power delay profiles to provide quantitative comparisons. For the office environment studied, reasonable agreement between measured and predicted power delay profiles is found, path loss is predicted to within G dB. and rms delay spread is predicted to within 20 ns.
Propagation modelling for indoor wireless communication
Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, 1995
It is important to characterise the indoor radio propagation channel to ensure satisfactory performance of a wireless communication system. Site measurements can be costly; propagation models have been developed as a suitable low-cost alternative. The existing models can be classified into two major classes: statistical models and site-specific propagation models. Statistical models rely on measurement data; site-specific propagation models are based on electromagnetic-wave propagation theory. The ray-tracing technique is very useful in site-specific propagation modelling. This paper gives an overview of indoor propagation modelling and concentrates on a discussion of the raytracing modelling technique because of its practical appeal and its applicability t o any environment.