Spatial availability in satellite-to-indoor broadcasting communications (original) (raw)
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Spatio-Temporal Availability in Satellite-to-Indoor Broadcasting
2007 European Conference on Wireless Technologies, 2007
This contribution studies the spatio-temporal availability of satellite links inside typical indoor environments. The spatio-temporal satellite-to-indoor channels are obtained by a 3D ray tracing engine and by a geometry-based channel modeling tool. In this paper the temporal fluctuations of the channels have been modeled based on satellite-to-indoor measurements. Here the performance of single as well as multiple receive antennas with different polarimetric radiation patterns are compared for different satellite elevation angles. The results show that additional antennas placed at the receiver reduce both the spatial and temporal variability of the received power, leading to a significant reduction in transmit power necessary for the same target availability.
Receive antenna impact on spatio-temporal availability in satellite-to-indoor broadcasting
2008 International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas, 2008
This contribution studies spatio-temporal availability in satelliteto-indoor broadcasting. The performance of both theoretical and measured single and multiple antenna receivers with various polarimetric radiation patterns is compared for different satellite elevation angles. The spatio-temporal satellite to indoor channels are obtained via a 3D ray tracing engine and a geometry-based channel modeling tool. Moreover, the influence of coupling effects between closely spaced antennas on the availability is studied. Under the assumption of a Line-Of-Sight (LOS) connection between the satellite and the wall where the possible window is placed, the indoor performance with and without windows is compared. The results show quantitatively that additional antennas placed at the receiver reduce both the spatial and the temporal variability of the received power, significantly reducing the transmit power required for the same target availability. The antenna coupling effects increase the required link margin.
Characterisation of the Satellite-to-Indoor Propagation Channel
2008
Reliable propagation models are required for the design of satellite broadcast to mobile or satellite navigation systems at S-band in the indoor environment. In particular, these models will support the development of hybrid satellite systems including complementary ground components. Apart from the effects of shadowing and multipath encountered in LMS (land mobile satellite) urban and suburban environments, the satellite-to-indoor channel is affected by high building penetration losses, but also lower Doppler spread due to static or quasi-static situation of the user terminal. Results from a measurement campaign simulating a satellite-to- indoor link are presented. Cluster-based wideband measurements were carried out with a channel sounder placed inside several buildings (airports, shopping mall, office buildings...), receiving the signal from the transmitter located in a helicopter hovering over the building at different (azimuth, elevation) combinations in igloo configuration. The measured data has been analysed with direct methods and iterative super-resolution algorithm in order to derive building penetration losses, time spreading and angle-of-arrival information. Super-resolution techniques make it possible to identify rays and clusters of rays, and thus give added value to the development of models. The super-resolution information is effectively used for evaluation of inter-cluster and intra-cluster azimuth angle of arrival distributions. The availability of spatial information in MIMO and SIMO measurements helps developing and validating site-specific models based on ray-tracing techniques given that the measured echoes are fully characterized in terms of amplitude, phase, delay and angle of arrival. Furthermore, the parameters corresponding to a directional statistical channel model have been extracted for each scenario thanks to the availability of this type of information. The results obtained contribute to a better characterisation of the satellite-to-- - indoor propagation channel.
IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2000
This contribution presents the results of our study on spatio-temporal availability in satellite-to-indoor broadcasting. We compare the performance of single and multiple antenna arrays consisting of theoretical and measured antennas with various polarimetric radiation patterns and coupling effects for different satellite elevation angles. The spatial satellite to indoor channels are obtained by a 3D ray tracing engine and by a geometry-based channel modeling tool. The temporal fluctuations of the channels are modeled by the PDF of a truncated normal distribution and are based on satellite-to-indoor measurements. The additional antennas at the receiver reduce both the spatial and the temporal variability of the received power, leading to a significant reduction of the transmit power required to achieve the same target availability. The simulation results suggest that the spatial correlation in the line-of-sight room area is higher than in the non-line-of-sight room area. In the line-of-sight areas, the best performance is achieved by multiple circularly polarized receive antennas. For elevations higher than 50 in the non-line-of-sight areas, a combination of horizontally and vertically (orthogonal) polarized antennas shows the best performance, especially if high availabilities are considered. Furthermore, the influence of coupling effects between closely spaced receive antennas on the availability is studied. In general, antenna coupling effects should be handled by increasing the required link margin. The influence of the temporal changes due to a person movement on the availability is found to be not very significant.
Measurement and characterization of satellite-to-indoor radio wave propagation channel
Proc. of European …, 2005
BIOGRAPHY Abdelmonaem Lakhzouri was born in Tunis, Tunisia in 1975, He received his Engineering Diploma in signal processing from the Ecole Suprieure des Communications de Tunis, Tunisia in 1999. Since then he has been a researcher in the Institute of Communications, Tampere University of Technology, where he get the Ph.D. degree in Telecommunications in June 2005. He has been involved in different research projects in the area of mobile positioning in cellular and satellite-based systems. Elena Simona Lohan received the M.Sc. degree in 1997 from the Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania, in Electrical Engineering, the D.E.A. degree in Econometrics, at Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France, in 1998, and the Ph.D. degree in Telecommunications from Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, in 2003. She is currently a Senior Researcher in the Institute of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology. Her research interests include mobile phone positioning techniques, CDMA signal processing, and wireless channel modelling and estimation. Ilkka Saastamoinen received his M.Sc. degree in information technology from Tampere University of Technology, Finland, in 1998. He worked over 7 years in Tampere University of Technology, Institute of Digital and Computer Systems. Since 2003 he has been in u-Nav Microelectronics, where he is working as Senior R&D Engineer. His work includes development of algorithms, architectures and hardware for satellite-based positioning systems. His research interests include low-power and low-cost design methodologies and techniques, satellitebased navigation and HDL based design.
A wideband, directional model for the satellite-to-indoor propagation channel at S-band
International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 2010
This paper presents a hybrid empirical-statistical model for the satellite-to-indoor propagation channel at S-band derived from measurements using a helicopter to simulate the satellite. The measurements have been carried out by means of a wideband, circularly polarized channel sounder in a SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output) configuration, allowing the derivation of entry loss, wideband and spatial model parameters. It is hoped that this paper will provide relevant information on the satellite-to-indoor channel given the large amount of experimental data available, covering a significant member of different buildings of various types, and the amount of measurement configurations: elevations and azimuths.
A Wideband Satellite-to-Indoor Channel Model for Navigation Applications
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2014
In indoor environments the accuracy of positioning by global navigation satellite systems suffers significantly from signal blockage, reflection and diffraction. To develop advanced receiver position algorithms working in harsh propagation environments, accurate channel simulators are necessary. In this contribution, we propose a novel and accurate wideband satellite-to-indoor channel model for testing and validating range estimation algorithms for positioning. Compared to the state of the art, the proposed channel model is able to reproduce the spatial characteristics of the wideband propagation channel for a moving receiver. The model is based on a hybrid approach combining physical-deterministic and stochastic methods. In this perspective, waves diffracted and transmitted by walls, windows and doors are considered by using physical-deterministic near field methods. For indoor originated paths occurring due to reflections on walls, a hybrid approach is used. The random behavior of scattered waves is stochastically modeled. Finally, the outcome of the proposed channel model is compared to measured channel sounder data. This comparison reveals that the proposed channel model accurately models satellite-to-indoor propagation effects.
A Deterministic Satellite-to-Indoor Entry Loss Model
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013
Advances in satellite and receiver technology make former denied areas like indoors accessible for satellite based radio services. As a consequence, suitable penetration loss models are of significant importance for service availability planning. Standard penetration loss models ignore the building layout in relation to the transmitter-receiver geometry. Within this paper, we introduce the term entry loss as a measure for the additional loss of a wideband impulse received at the geometrical line-of-sight path delay caused by the building materials. Knowing the received power caused by indoor multipath propagation, the penetration loss and the entry loss are deterministically related. As a contribution, we propose an entry loss model which is able to include the geometrical relation of walls, receiver and transmitter positions. Within the model, we treat walls, windows and doors as apertures and, therefore, as sources for signal penetration and diffraction. A verification of the model using wideband channel sounder measurement data is performed. By simulations, we show the comparability between existing models and the proposed one. Moreover, a short description on the usage of the proposed entry loss model for wideband channel simulations is provided.
Deterministic wideband modeling of satellite propagation channel with buildings blockage
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2005
The article presents an example of satellite propagation modeling, applying the radio channel transfer function analysis as described and experimentally verified in scientific literature. The simulation of a satellite radio channel is executed by employing "ray tracing" and the uniform geometric theory of diffractionbased method for an assumed urban and suburban environment and different polarizations. Derived results regarding the channel transfer function are analyzed via a simulation of the wideband propagation measurement system and the Fourier transform procedures. It has been concluded that, contrary to ground cell radio system situations, where two-ray models usually suffice, a more detailed calculation should be considered for wideband satellite radio systems. Moreover, it is shown that the conclusions derived for the path loss and the delay spread depend not only on the specific propagation scenario, but also on the building permittivity.
Wave propagation channel simulation by satellite-to-indoor radio link
2008
In our paper we present the simulation of the propagation characteristics of the satellite-to-indoor propagation channel. Our first aim has been to find a correct description of the polarization state of the received inside wave. The result of our first in- vestigations is that the polarization state of the indoor wave signigicantly changes as we move further away from the win- dows that are the secondary source of radiation. First we examine how the polarization state of a complex harmonic field can be described, and then the results of our first simulations of the polarization state will be presented. A modified 3D ray- launching tool has been utilized for the coverage prediction. A detailed analysis of the dependence of the indoor wave on the elevation angle of the satellite is given, and the wideband characteristics of the channel: delay spread characteristics and Doppler spread, caused by satellite movement are dealt with. The applicability of MIMO systems in satellite communic...