Psychiatric medication induced obesity: an aetiologic review (original) (raw)
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Psychiatric medication-induced obesity: a review
Obesity Reviews, 2004
A majority of psychiatric medications are known to generate weight gain and ultimately obesity in some patients. There is much speculation about the prevalence of weight gain and the degree of weight gain during acute and longitudinal treatment with these agents. There is newer literature looking at the aetiology of this weight gain and the potential treatments being used to alleviate this sideeffect. We found solid evidence that weight gain is often associated with the mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics and antidepressants. Only few weight neutral or weight loss producing psychotropics are available, and weight gain, outside of an immediate side-effect, may generate secondary side-effects and medical comorbidity. Weight gain may cause hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, sedentary lifestyle, coronary artery disease, etc. Given the likelihood of inducing weight gain with psychotropic medications and the longitudinal impact on physical health, a thorough literature review is warranted to determine the epidemiology, aetiology and treatment options of psychotropic-induced weight gain.
Weight Gain, Obesity, and Psychotropic Prescribing
Journal of Obesity, 2011
A majority of psychiatric medications are known to generate weight gain and ultimately obesity in some patients. There is much speculation about the prevalence of weight gain and the degree of weight gain during acute and longitudinal treatment with these agents. There is newer literature looking at the etiology of this weight gain and the potential treatments being used to alleviate this side effect. The authors undertook a comprehensive literature review in order to present epidemiology, etiology, and treatment options of weight gain associated with antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants.
Psychiatric medication-induced obesity: treatment options
Obesity Reviews, 2004
A majority of psychiatric medications are known to generate weight gain and ultimately obesity in some patients. The authors undertook a comprehensive literature review in order to provide a better understanding of novel treatment options in regards to alleviating weight gained by use of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. There are no agents for management of this weight gain approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and existing studies on options are mainly uncontrolled, small-scale projects with limited power to produce coherent conclusions. There is a clear need for larger studies on existing options, and future psychotropics without these side-effects are currently in the pipeline. obesity reviews (2004) 5 , 233-238 234 Psychiatric medication induced obesity T. L. Schwartz et al. obesity reviews © 2004 The International Association for the Study of Obesity. obesity reviews 5 , 233-238 obesity reviews Psychiatric medication induced obesity T. L. Schwartz et al. 235
Weight gain associated with taking psychotropic medication: An integrative review
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 2011
People with serious mental illness have higher morbidity and mortality rates than general populations, and overweight/obesity-related conditions are prevalent. Psychotropic medications are a primary factor in significant weight gain. Adolescents and young adults, particularly those with first-episode psychoses taking atypical antipsychotics, are susceptible to weight gain. This paper reports findings from an integrative review of research investigating the impact and treatment of psychotropic-induced weight gain. Four databases were searched, yielding 522 papers. From these and hand-searched papers, 36 research reports were systematically classified and analysed. The review revealed people experiencing psychotropic-induced weight gain perceive it as distressing. It impacts on quality of life and contributes to treatment non-adherence. Weight management and prevention strategies have primarily targeted adults with existing/chronic illness rather than those with firstepisode psychoses and/or drug naiveté. Single and multimodal interventions to prevent or manage weight gain produced comparable, modest results. This review highlights that the effectiveness of weight management interventions is not fully known, and there is a lack of information regarding weight gain prevention for young people taking psychotropics. Future research directions include exploring the needs of young people regarding psychotropic-related weight gain and long-term, follow-up studies of lifestyle interventions to prevent psychotropic-related weight gain.
Clinical and Biological Perspectives of Non-antipsychotic Psychotropic Medications and Weight Gain
International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal
Background: Non-antipsychotic medications are frequently used in psychiatric patients with a variety of disorders. However, there is limited research concerning weight gain and metabolic changes in mentally ill population. Objective: This review aimed to critically describe non-antipsychotic psychotropic (NAP) medications and their impact on weight in the psychiatric population. Also, the biological and psychosocial mechanisms of weight gain or loss attributed to NAP and antipsychotic medications are also described in this paper. Methods: Electronic searches (2000-2018) of PubMed, Medline,
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2012
To describe the weight gain-related side-effects of psychotropic drugs and their consequences on metabolic complications (hypercholesterolemia, obesity) in a Swiss cohort of psychiatric patients. Method: This cross-sectional observational study was performed in an outpatient psychiatric division with patients having received for more than 3 months the following drugs: clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, lithium, and/or valproate. Clinical measures and lifestyle information (smoking behaviour, physical activity) were recorded. Results: 196 inclusions were completed. Weight gain (!10% of initial weight) following drug treatment was reported in 47% of these patients. Prevalence of obesity (BMI ! 30), hypercholesterolemia (!6.2 mmol/L) and low HDL-cholesterol (<1.0 mmol/L in men, <1.3 mmol/L in women) were present in 38%, 21%, and 27% of patients, respectively. A higher standardised dose, an increase of appetite following medication introduction, the type of medication (clozapine or olanzapine > quetiapine or risperidone > lithium or valproate), and the gender were shown to be significantly associated with evolution of BMI. Conclusion: High prevalence of obesity and hypercholesterolemia was found in an outpatient psychiatric population and confirms drug-induced weight gain complications during long-term treatment. The results support the recently published recommendations of monitoring of metabolic side-effects during treatment with atypical antipsychotics. Moreover, the weight gain predictors found in the present study could help to highlight patients with special health care management requirement.
A typical Antipsychotic Induced Weight Gain: Pathophysiology and Management
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004
There is compelling evidence that patients with schizophrenia are prone to gain weight. In addition, atypical antipsychotic (AAP) drugs also induce weight gain. All antipsychotic drugs produce weight gain but the potential varies. Many studies overwhelmingly confirm that AAP drugs produce substantially more weight gain in comparison to conventional antipsychotic drugs. Clozapine and olanzapine have the most weight inducing potential. Even ziprasidone, which is considered to be weight neutral, and aripiprazole a dopamine modulator produce weight gain in some. The pathophysiology of weight gain is complicated. Many neurohormones, neuropeptides, gut hormones, as well as adipose tissue and hair root derived hormones interact with environmental factors to produce weight gain. Management of weight gain is a difficult problem. Basic to treatment is an understanding of the etiology. Drug induced obesity provides a unique opportunity to psychiatrists to understand this clinically important problem. In the absence of this knowledge, prevention is the best hope. Education, diet control and simple behavioral measures may prevent excessive weight gain. In those with weight gain, treatment can be attempted with pharmacotherapy with careful monitoring of the side effects. Keywords Atypical antipsychotic induced weight gain; Weight gain and drugs; Management of drug-induced weight gain; Pathophysiology of weight gain; Schizophrenia and weight gain.
Antipsychotic Medications and Weight Gain: Etiologies, Predictors and Adverse Clinical Consequences
International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, 2018
Background: First and second-generation antipsychotic medications are commonly prescribed to millions of psychiatric patients with psychosis around the world. Antipsychotic medications are associated with a variety of adverse effects including weight gain. Objective: This review aimed to describe etiologies, predictors and morbidity and mortality associated with weight gain induced by antipsychotics in a psychiatric population. Methods: Electronic searches (2000-2018) of PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar were conducted using Boolean operators and keywords. Of all articles retrieved (n=37,987), two
International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal
Background: There is a myriad of risk factors associated with overweight and obesity in the psychiatric population. Objective: The review aimed at looking at the psychotropic medications induced weight gain or loss through the lens of age categories and psychiatric diagnoses. Methods: Electronic searches of three databases (from 2000 to 2018) using Boolean operators and keywords retrieved thousands of peer-reviewed articles published in scientific journals, and based on exclusion and inclusion criteria 155 pertinent articles were retained for this review. Results: No age is immune to weight gain provided patients are treated either with standalone