Decolorization of salt-alkaline effluent with industrial reactive dyes by laccase-producing basidiomycetes strains (original) (raw)
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Fresenius Environmental Bulletin
Textile wastewaters do not only have aesthetical im-plications but can also be toxic when discharged into the environment without being treated. Therefore, textile waste-water must be treated. In this study, fungi isolated from soil and wastewater from a textile plant were tested for their potential to decolorize reactive textile dyes (Reactive Red H8B, Remazol Black B, and Remazol Brillant Blue R). Of the 24 isolates tested, 8 were found to have decol-orization potential. The reactive dyes were decolorized up to 88.4-92.2% under static culture conditions, and up to 93.4-94.6% under agitated conditions. Aspergillus carneus was found to have the greatest decolorization efficiency. The effects of various conditions, such as agitation, initial pH, inoculum size, dye concentration, live and dead bio-mass, on decolorization efficiency of A. carneus were investigated. Decolorization activity was optimal at pH 5, and color removal was faster with higher amounts of inocu-lum. Decolorization...
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011
The initial alkaline pH and the concentration of sodium chloride in the synthetic liquid medium were a key factor in the capability of twenty-five white-rot fungi strains to decolorise the dye Reactive Blue 19. Six strains decolorised 90% of the dye at pH 8.0, and only Peniophora cinerea decolorized 90% of the dye at pH 9.0. Fourteen strains were capable of decolorising the dye in saline medium (sodium chloride 10 g l -1 ). P. ostreatus, P. cinerea and T. villosa were able to decolorize the dye both in medium with initial pH 8.0 or in saline medium. These three strains were selected and evaluated for simulated alkali-saline textile effluent decolorisation in different conditions: time of cultivation for effluent addition (0, 5, 7 and 9 days), initial pH (4.5 and 8.0) and agitation (0 and 120 rpm). P. ostreatus and P. cinerea decolorised the alkali-saline textile effluent by 93.0 and 25.4%, when the medium's initial pH was 8.0 or 4.5, respectively, and the effluent was added in the 7th day of growth. T. villosa decolorized 40% when the effluent was added on the 9th day of cultivation at pH 4.5. Agitation increased the effluent decolorisation by T. villosa, but inhibition was observed for P. cinerea and P. ostreatus. The results showed that each fungus presented a specific behavior in relation to the best culture conditions for decolorisation of alkali-saline effluent containing reactive dyes. The strains of P. ostreatus, P. cinerea and T. villosa were considered as promising alternative for the biodegradation of this effluent, employing the strategy of effluent addition after a certain period of fungal growth.
Decolorization of synthetic and real textile wastewater by the use of white-rot fungi
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2006
Batch and continuous reactors inoculated with white-rot fungi were operated in order to study decolorization of textile dyes. Synthetic wastewater containing either Reactive Blue 4 (a blue anthraquinone dye) or Reactive Red 2 (a red azo dye) was used during the first part of the study while real wastewater from a textile industry in Tanzania was used in the later part. Trametes versicolor was shown to decolorize both Reactive Blue 4 and Reactive Red 2 if glucose was added as a carbon source. Reactive Blue 4 was also decolorized when the fungus was allowed to grow on birch wood discs in a continuous biological rotating contactor reactor. The absorbance at 595 nm, the wavelength at which the dye absorbs at a maximum, decreased by 70% during treatment. The initial dye concentration in the medium was 200 mg/l and the hydraulic retention time in the reactor 3 days. No glucose was added in this experiment. Changes of the absorbance in the UV range indicated that the aromatic structures of the dyes were altered. Real textile wastewater was decolorized by Pleurotus flabellatus growing on luffa sponge packed in a continuous reactor. The reactor was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 25 h. The absorbance at 584 nm, the wavelength at which the wastewater absorbed the most, decreased from 0.3 in the inlet to approximately 0.1 in the effluent from the reactor.
Decolorization of textile indigo dye by ligninolytic fungi
Journal of Biotechnology, 2001
The indigo dye is extensively used by textile industries and is considered a recalcitrant substance, which causes environmental concern. Chemical products used on textile processing, which affect the environment through effluents, can be voluminous, colored and varied. Vat textile dyes, like indigo, are often used and dye mainly cellulosic fibers of cotton. Decolorization of this dye in liquid medium was tested with ligninolytic basidiomycete fungi from Brazil. Decolorization started in a few hours and after 4 days the removal of dye by Phellinus gilvus culture was in 100%, by Pleurotus sajor-caju 94%, by Pycnoporussanguineus 91% and by Phanerochaete chrysosporium 75%. No color decrease was observed in a sterile control. Thin layer chromatography of fungi culture extracts revealed only one unknown metabolite of Rf=0.60, as a result of dye degradation.
Journal of Fungi, 2021
Six fungal strains were isolated from the textile industry effluent in which they naturally occur. Subsequently, the fungal strains were identified and characterized in order to establish their potential decolorizing effect on textile industry effluents. The strains of interest were selected based on their capacity to decolorize azo, indigo, and anthraquinone dyes. Three of the strains were identified as Emmia latemarginata (MAP03, MAP04, and MAP05) and the other three as Mucor circinelloides (MAP01, MAP02, and MAP06), while the efficiency of their decolorization of the dyes was determined on agar plate and in liquid fermentation. All the strains co-metabolized the dyes of interest, generating different levels of dye decolorization. Plate screening for lignin-degrading enzymes showed that the MAP03, MAP04, and MAP05 strains were positive for laccase and the MAP01, MAP02, and MAP06 strains for tyrosinase, while all strains were positive for peroxidase. Based on its decolorization cap...
2015
Wastewater released from the textile and dye industries is a major environmental crisis which threatens the aquatic life due to the presence of toxic dyes. Bioremediation using a variety of microbes for the decolorization and degradation of such harmful products seems to be a green solution to the environmental pollution problem. In present study, the most common fungi, Aspergilus niger isolated from the textile dye contaminated soil was used for decolorization of the dye Reactive Red HE3B. The physiochemical parameters optimized were pH, temperature, dye concentration and different carbon source. Aspergilus niger showed highest decolorization (91.76±24%) of Reactive Dye at temperature (30°C), pH (6.0), dye concentration (150mg/l) and sucrose as carbon source at 120 rpm shaking speed. Optimum pH and temperature were found to be 6.0 and 30°C respectively. Among the different carbon sources, maximum decolorization was with sucrose followed by fructose and glucose. Different concentrat...
Decolorization of Six Synthetic Dyes by Fungi
American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2016
To find out ability of fourteen basidiomycetes and four ascomycetes strains to grow in the presence of synthetic colour dyes and to degrade them, fungi were cultivated on the malt agar plates containing 0.5 g kg −1 dye, either Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Remazol Brilliant Yellow GL, Remazol Brilliant Orange 3 R, Reactive Blue 4, Remazol Brilliant Red F3B or Reactive Black 5. Fungi representing basidiomycetes were Phlebia radiata (FBCC 43), Tremella encephala (FBCC 1145), Dichomitus squalens (FBCC 312), Physisporinus rivulosus (syn. Obba rivulosa, FBCC 939), Cerrena unicolor (FBCC 387), Pleurotus abieticola (FBCC 517), Phanerochaete velutina (FBCC 941), Agrocybe praecox (FBCC 476), Trametes pubescens (FBCC 735), Pleurotus ostreatus (FBCC 498), Fomitopsis pinicola (FBCC 18), Postia placenta (= syn. Rhodonia placenta, FBCC 112), Gloeophyllum trabeum (FBCC 328) and Piptoporus betulinus (FBCC 1191). Ascomycetes belonged to genera Alternaria (HAMBI 3289), Epicoccum (HAMBI 3291), Fusarium (HAMBI 3292) or Chaetomium (HAMBI 3291). The growth rate of P. rivulosus belonged to three highest among the 14 tested basidiomycetes with five dyes, but not in the case of Remazol Brilliant Red F3B containing plates. The growth rate of A. praecox belonged to three lowest among the 14 tested basidiomycetes on Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Remazol Brilliant Yellow GL, Remazol Brilliant Red F3B, Reactive Black 5 and malt agar. The growth rate of Chaetomium sp. was the highest among the four ascomycetes on all tested plates. Decolorization was seen with 7 basidiomycetous strains on Remazol Brilliant Blue R, with 7 basidiomycetes on Remazol Brilliant Orange 3 R, with 8 basidiomycetes on Reactive Blue 4 and 11 basidiomycetes on Reactive Black 5 containing plates. T. encephala did not decolorize any of the tested six dyes. Epicoccum sp. and Chaetomium sp. decolorized Reactive Black 5 dye containing plates. None of the fourteen basidiomycetous or four ascomycetes were able to degrade all the tested six dyes.
2381-4438, 2019
Background: Dyes in textile effluent can pose many health challenges to humans and interfere with the aesthetic value of the environment. Fungi can be very effective in remediation of colour pollution. Objective: In this study, abilities of some fungi in the decolourization of textile dye effluent were examined. Methods: Fungi were isolated from textile effluent and screened for azo dyes decolourization using solid media assay. The fungi were identified and subjected to acclimatization using graded dye concentration. Decolourization study was also tested using varied levels culture conditions. Results: The textile effluent harboured a high number (6.068 × 10 3 cfu/ml) of fungi with Aspergillus niger having the higest occurrence (70.00%). Widest zone of decolourization (19.00 ± 0.00mm) was shown by Rhizopus spp. where as Aspergillus fumigatus recorded peak decolourization (18.8%) within 48hrs. No significant correlation (r =-0.2673, P = 0.1534) was found between time and decolourization percentage. All fungal species showed maximum decolourization at pH (3); probaly because of the pH dependent net charges on the dye molecules. Discussion: A significant correlation (r =-0.8994, p < 0.0001) between pH and percentage decolourization. Maximum decolourization (58.4%) of all the dyes occurred at 30°C. This could be because temperature is essential for fungal growth and enzyme activity. All species achieved maximum decolourization at 1%-3% sodium chloride concentrations with A. niger recording as high as 19.1% decolourization. Supplementation with Carbon and Nitrogen resulted in higher decolourization (55.66%) and (26.01%) within 48hours and 24hours respectively. Conclusion: Fungal species demonstrated varied levels of decolourization; their capability to tolerate and decolorize high concentration of dyes makes them advantageous for treatment of textile effluent at larger scale.
Development of Fungal Consortium for Biodecolorization of Textile Waste Effluents: A Review
international journal of chemical sciences, 2013
Water-pollution control is presently one of the major areas of scientific activity. While colored organic compounds generally impart only a minor fraction of the organic load to wastewater, their color renders them aesthetically unacceptable. Effluent discharge from textile and dyestuff industries to neighbouring water bodies and wastewater treatment systems is currently causing significant health concerns to environmental regulatory agencies. Color removal, in particular, has recently become one of major scientific interest, as indicated by the multitude of related research reports. During the past two decades, several physico-chemical decolorization techniques have been reported, however, few have been accepted by the textile industries. But these techniques have high cost of implementation, low efficiency and inapplicability to a wide variety of dyes. The ability of microorganisms to carry out dye decolorization has received much attention. Microbial decolorization of dyes is see...